Research on Training Needs,Training Transfer,and Training Effectiveness of In-Service Teachers in Local Normal Colleges

This study aims to understand the in-service training needs,training transfer,and training effectiveness of teachers in local normal universities in China,while also proposing a continuous professional development plan for teachers.Descriptive research methods were employed,with questionnaires serving as the primary data collection tool.The survey revealed that the educational background of teachers in local normal universities is characterized by an unreasonable distribution of academic qualifications,with a shortage of teachers holding postgraduate and higher degrees.Additionally,the training effectiveness for female teachers was found to be lower than that of male teachers.There is a lack of personalization in training needs,which tends to be more generalized.The transfer effect of training is moderate,and there is a need for further enhancement at the behavioral level of training effectiveness.A continuous professional development plan for teachers has been formulated to improve training effectiveness and promote professional development.

Examining the Effectiveness of Virtual Training under the Kirkpatrick Model:A Post-COVID Study

Teaching and training through online tools were used by most Higher Education Institute(HEIs)worldwide during COVID-19 to cater to the needs of students who stay far away from educational institutions.After the pandemic,the virtual model of education and training became a trend.The students and teachers are also more used to this trend which is giving more opportunities to both learners and instructors.One of the notable benefits of virtual teaching and learning platform is that it provides a flexible environment to gain knowledge,skills,and attitude simultaneously along with formal off-line education.From the earlier studies it is found that the majority of studies have focused on traditional,offline training methods and only a few studies have focused on virtual training.Therefore,the present study examined the effectiveness of virtual training using the Kirkpatrick model.For this purpose,a research instrument based on the Kirkpatrick model was constructed and distributed among the UG and PG students in Mangalore City.A total of 143 responses were collected,of which 132 were completed responses and all of them were considered for analysis.Descriptive statistics and one sample t-test are employed to analyse and interpret the data.The findings revealed that virtual training is more effective compared to traditional and offline training methods.Henceforth,the training and education provided through virtual platforms made significant contributions to the employability of youngsters.

Analysis of Characteristics of a Heavy Rainstorm Process in Nanchang City on July 7,2020

Based on the conventional observation data,dual polarization radar data and NCEP reanalysis data,the large-scale circulation background field,mesoscale conditions and formation causes of a heavy rainstorm in Nanchang on July 7,2020 were studied.It was found that this heavy rainstorm occurred under the weather background of the confrontation between the northward air flow behind the trough and the strong southwest warm and humid air flow to the northwest of the subtropical high.The divergence at the upper level,the shear in the middle and low levels,the southward movement of cold air at the low level,unusually abundant water vapor and high unstable energy caused the heavy rainstorm weather.In this process,under the influence of continuous eastward movement of several strong echo cells,an obvious"train effect"was formed in Nanchang,so that the local rainfall was continuous and intense.Moreover,the average of VIL was about 17 kg/m 2,and its variation characteristics were consistent with the variation trend of 5-min rainfall intensity,which had a certain indicator effect on short-term heavy precipitation.The topography of the Meiling Mountain in the west of Nanchang had a great influence on the formation and precipitation distribution of the heavy rain process.There was a strong rainstorm center near the mountain,and the precipitation was obviously larger than that in the plain area.

Asymmetric exchange bias training effect in spin glass(FeAu)/FeNi bilayers

A significant exchange bias （EB） traimng ettect has been observea in sputter deposited FeAu/FeNi bilayers, wherein the exchange field （HE） exhibits a special sign-changeable temperature dependence. Very interestingly, despite the absence of multiple easy axes in the FeAu spin glass （SG） layer, HE drops abruptly between the first and second magnetic cycles, which is followed by a more gradual continuous change in the subsequent cycles. This training behavior cannot be described by the empirical n-1/2 law because of the asymmetric magnetization reversal processes. We propose modifying Binek＇s model to include the asymmetric changes of the pinning SG spins at the descending and ascending branches. This new model successfully describes the EB training effect in FeAu/FeNi bilayers.

Evaluation of Training Course Effects on Integrated Sexual and Reproductive Health Counseling

Objective To evaluate the training course effects on integrated sexual and reproductive health （SRH） counseling, so as to improve family planning providers＇ capacities of SRH counseling. Methods The SRH training course was conducted by using new curriculum and participatory training methods. The purpose was meeting the SRH needs of clients. Evaluations were done by pre- and post-training questionnaires to trainees. Results The average total scores of trainees were 54.9 before trained and 83.4 after trained respectively. As to trainees＇ self evaluation of the capacities, the capacity for comfortably discussing sexuality and related issues with clients increased from 9.9% to 90.7%, the capacity for helping clients to understand their sexual risk factors increased from 12.5% to 92.2%, the capacity for helping clients assessing their own needs for SRH services, information and emotional support increased from 16.0% to 87.8%, and the capacity for helping clients to develop negotiation and communication skills increased from 12.0% to 86. 0%. Conclusion The training course of integrated SRH counseling changed the traditional training types and services concept o f family planning service providers, and the trainees＇ capacities of implementing integrated SRH counseling also improved very much.

Evaluation Model of Farmer Training Effect Based on AHP–A Case Study of Hainan Province

On the basis of studying the influencing factors of training effect evaluation,this paper constructs an AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for farmers’vocational training activities in Hainan Province to evaluate farmers’training effect,which overcomes the limitations of traditional methods.Firstly,the content and index system of farmer training effect evaluation are established by analytic hierarchy process,and the weight value of each index is determined.Then,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)of farmer training effect is carried out by using multi-level FCE.The joint use of AHP and FCE improves the reliability and effectiveness of the evaluation process and results.The overall comprehensive evaluation result of the farmer training effect evaluation is“good”.

The Effect of Functional Training on the Performance of Female Handball Players’Shooting Skills

A randomized grouping experiment was conducted to study the effect of 8-week functional training on shooting performance of Beijing female handball players.According to the athletes’FMS(functional movement screening)scoring results,they were randomly divided into 2 groups.The experimental group adopted an 8-week functional training,aiming at strengthening their core strength,joint stability,and the power chain of shooting techniques.The control group adopted the traditional strength training mode.ANOVA(analysis of variance)was adopted to analyze the different performance of the athletes from two groups on their FMS scores,distances of throwing,and 7-meter shooting speed before and after the experiment.The results show that:(1)the total FMS scores of the experimental group athletes have been increased more significantly than those of the control group,and the injuries per capita has been significantly reduced;(2)the athletes in the experimental group have more significantly improved performance in handball throwing and 7-meter shooting speed than those in the control group.It shows that 8 weeks of functional training may effectively improve the physical function of Beijing female handball players and their performance in two special skills of handball throwing and shooting speed.

Short-term effect of rehabilitation training on children with neuropathic acontractile sphincter incontinence

Objective To evaluate the short-term effect of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation training under the guidance of doctors on children with neuropathic acontractile sphincter incontinence ( NASI) . Methods Sixty-eighty children ( aged 4 - 12 mean,7) years with NASI

Characteristic Analysis of Short Time Heavy Rain in Yulin, China

National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data, automatic observation data, FY-2E satellite data and Doppler radar data are used to analyze a short-time local heavy rain in Yulin city, Shaanxi, China on August 7, 2018. The result shows that the strong convective weather occurred in peripheral subtropical high over west pacific, being caused by short wave disturbance, and surface convergence lines with positive pressure variation are corresponding to areas of short-time heavy precipitation. The degree of temperature change in cold pool caused by thunderstorm may decide the intensity of a short-time rainfall, and local topography plays an important role in extreme precipitation. Local water vapour accumulation and water vapour flux convergence in the middle and lower layers support adequate moisture condition in the process. Moving direction and development direction of mesocale convective cloud are in a line to develop the train effect, leading to local short-time heavy rain in Yulin city, Shaanxi, China.

Training effectiveness evaluation of helicopter emergency relief based on virtual simulation

Helicopters are playing an increasingly important part in emergency relief, such as earthquake rescue, firefighting and medical transport. With the development of virtual simulation technology, virtual simulation-based training is widely used in the training of the helicopter crew especially for the dangerous and costly missions mentioned above. A complete training effectiveness evaluation method is proposed to evaluate the trainees＇ training effect based on virtual simulation in this paper. A key to this method is regarding the complicated process as a discrete event-activity flow system and establishing the evaluation indicator system. Then expert group and Analytical Network Process（ANP） are applied to determine the weight of indicators. When the training data are processed, there is a novel attempt to apply Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation（FCE） model to calculate the two categories of indicators. Eventually, an experiment and the analysis were carried out to validate the evaluation method.

On Exploring Method and Software for Evaluating Effectiveness of Military Training Aircraft

The evaluation of training effectiveness （TE） of military training aircraft, though obviously very important, appears to have attracted much less attention than what it deserves in the open literature. This article aims to start from previous studies and explore further. First, TE of military training aircraft is discussed and our ideas for evaluating TE which are expressed mathematically are proposed. Then, using the presented mathematical models, software is developed that takes into consideration the influence of parameters of flight performance and quality on TE. The software＇s environment is Borland C＋＋ and it sets up the parameters of trainer, training standard databases and training documents; it can analyze and then give the operational cost and cost-effectiveness ratio of military trainer. Finally, the software is utilized to compare the TEs of HAWK and MB339 with that of Chinese Air Force TF-6. The results of comparison show that the TE of TF-6 is the lowest.

双三角翼布局歼击教练飞机的概念优化设计(英文)

Compared with a delta wing aircraft, the double delta wing configuration has better aerodynamic performance at high angles of attack. An operational analysis was introduced as a method for evaluating training effectiveness of trainer aircraft. Approaches to the engineering estimation of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft with a double delta wing configuration were studied, and the procedures for determining aircraft performance indices formulated. Taking training effectiveness as the objective function and geometric parameters of the wing platform as design variables, through a numerical multivariate optimization arithmetic, the conceptual design optimization for a certain fighter trainer aircraft with double delta wing configuration was carried out under the constraints of tactical and technical requirements and interrelated geometry. Agreement of a calculation example with engineering practice indicates that the optimal design has higher training effectiveness than the baseline design, and in addition, improves the structural force bearing conditions.

ANAGRAM PROBLEM-SOLVING AND LEARNING IN ANTERIOR PREFRONTAL CORTEX

We utilized Near-Infrared(NIR)spectroscopy to closely investigate the activation change in anterior prefrontal cortex(aPFC)during verbal anagram problem-solving and learning.We used a parametric design of anagram-solving with three difficulty levels and evaluated anagram skill with two sets of subjects and protocols.The first protocol was a one-time evaluation of untrained subjects(n=10)and the second protocol evaluated subjects over 6 weeks of training(n=6).The untrained subjects in the first protocol demonstrated blood oxygenation corresponding to neuronal activation in the aPFC in response to medium and hard difficulty levels of the stimuli,while the easy anagram task deoxygenated the aPFC bilaterally,corresponding to deactivation.Higher performers have more aPFC activation than lower performers in the medium difficulty level anagram-solving task.Six weeks of training in the second protocol showed that training reduced oxygenation in aPFC.In particular,subjects with lower baseline skill in anagram production showed a larger reduction in oxygenation where true performance gains occurred(medium difficulty)and smaller reduction where the performance gains were limited(hard anagrams).Association of the aPFC activation with the difficulty of the complex task suggests that aPFC is a part of a circuit for execution of task performance.In addition,more use of aPFC by untrained high performers suggests that the role of the aPFC is to increase efficiency of a problem-solving task.Thus,the NIR spectroscopy showed that the aPFC is a key structure in the circuit implementing the development of anagram skill.

A Superconducting Magnet with Center Field of 10 T and φ100 mm Warm Bore

Aconduction-cooled superconducting magnet with central field of 10Tand warmbore of 100 mmwas designed based on a Nb3Sn and two NbTi superconducting coils.At the first stage,the NbTi coils havebeen fabricated andtested.Atwo-stage 4 KGifford-McMahon(GM) cryocooler withthe second-stage powerin1W,4.2Kis used to cool the magnet fromroomtemperature to 4 K.The superconducting magnet with thesame power supply has the operating current of 116A.The magnet can be rotated with a support frame to beoperated with either horizontal or vertical position.Apair of Bi-2223 hightemperature superconductingcurrentleads was employedto reduce heat leakage into 4.2Klevel.The NbTi coils reachto the operating current of120Awithout training effect to be observed duringchargingof the magnet during40 minutes chargingtime andgenerate the center field of 6.5T.The training effect inthe NbTi magnet directly cool-down by cryocooler andinter-winding support structure in magnet can be remarkablyimproved.The superconducting magnet has beenstably operatedfor more than 275 hours with 6.5T.In this paper,the detailed design,fabrication,stressanalysis and quench protection characteristics are presented.

Analysis of a Heavy Rainstorm in Jincheng in August of 2010

[Objective] A heavy rainstorm in Jincheng in August in 2010 was expounded. [Method] By dint of the conventional meteorological data, and automatic weather station data, and Doppler radar data, one severe torrential rainstorm was analyzed from the aspect of circulation background, physical quantity field, satellite cloud image, and radar echo, etc. [Result] The rainstorm was in the circulation field of low-west-east-obstruction, and was formed under the middle and low layer shear line and low air torrent situation. The low layer shear and convergence of wind favorable to the lift of unsteady air around Jincheng. The intrusion of cold air in the low layer of convective layer and above the ground trigered such convective weather. The torrent of the low air in the southwest sent abundant water vapor to the rainstorm area. The high temperature and the moisture accumulated much unsteady energy for the generation of rainstorm. The main precipitation system of this process was the singular of convective echo which was stimulated by the ground mesoscale shear line. Under the guidance of southwest airstream of the low and middle air, the convective echo singular formed train effect by moving towards Jincheng and formed large rainstorm. Doppler radar data suggested that the characteristics of the generation, development and movement of this mesoscale rainstorm system. The strong precipitation center was in the large value area of the gradient in the back of the TBB center. [Conclusion] The study provided references for the forecast and pre-warning of temporary rainstorm of such kind.

Effective Sales Training: We know what skills, but do we know the customers?

Often times, sales training includes interactive role play. When it comes to the topic of developing professional relationships, however, we need to be more forceful, so the manager tactfully and intelligently includes the true decision maker.

Experimental evidence of magnetic training effect of electronic phase in Nd-Ca half-doped manganite

Cooling and heating modes are shown to be able to significantly modify the magnetic and electrical properties of the half-doped perovskite manganite.The present paper reports on a precise investigation of this phenomenon(the so-called training effect) carried out on Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3 manganite,which allow a fine tuning of the magnetic ground state.Refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the synthesized sample is single phase and crystallizes in the orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group.Using magnetometry measurements,we have found that the sample is the seat of interesting phenomena like charge ordering,magnetic phase separation,spin-glass and inverse magnetocaloric effect.Magnetic-field-driven magnetization(M(μ0 H)) measurements evidence the metamagnetic transition which not only depends on field value,but also on the thermal process(cooling or heating).Metamagnetic irreversibility in the magnetic field range(±5 T) and memory effect are observed at low temperatures due to the kinetic arrest phenomenon.It is worthwhile to mention that the coercive field increases with decreasing temperature and reaches 955 Oe at 20 K,which is sufficiently large compared with that one in the soft magnetic and makes the material quite interesting for spintronic applications.The electrical resistivity in a zero field was measured on both cooling and warming modes,and the data obtained were fitted by using different theoretical models.At low temperatures,the resistivity shows the presence of insulator-metal transition and is found to be in conformity with the magnetization data.A magnetic training effect due to the thermo-magnetic history dependent behavior is observed,where the resistivity is consistently irreversible.