Understanding the variation for the expressionof genes in different environments is one of themajor goals in qualitative genetics. In this pa-per, the genetic models for quantitative traitsof endosperm in cereal crops...Understanding the variation for the expressionof genes in different environments is one of themajor goals in qualitative genetics. In this pa-per, the genetic models for quantitative traitsof endosperm in cereal crops were used to eval-uate the seed, cytoplasm and maternal geneticeffects as well as the genotype × environment(GE) interaction effects, and to predict thebreeding value of parents and genotypic corre-lation for nutrient quality traits of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.).展开更多
Sea surface temperature SST obtained from the initial version of the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS) SST satellite have low accuracy during summer and daytime. This is attributed to the diurnal warming ...Sea surface temperature SST obtained from the initial version of the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS) SST satellite have low accuracy during summer and daytime. This is attributed to the diurnal warming effect. Error estimation of SST data must be carried out to use the real-time forecasting numerical model of the KOOS. This study suggests two quality control methods for the KOOS SST system. To minimize the diurnal warming effect, SSTs of areas where wind speed is higher than 5 m/s were used. Depending on the wind threshold value, KOOS SST data for August 2014 were reduced by 0.15°C. Errors in SST data are considered to be a combination of random, sampling, and bias errors. To estimate bias error, the standard deviation of bias between KOOS SSTs and climatology SSTs were used. KOOS SST data yielded an analysis error standard deviation value similar to OSTIA and NOAA NCDC(OISST) data. The KOOS SST shows lower random and sampling errors with increasing number of observations using six satellite datasets. In further studies, the proposed quality control methods for the KOOS SST system will be applied through more long-term case studies and comparisons with other SST systems.展开更多
We analysed seed and maternal genetic effects on characters of cooking quality in indica hybrid rice by using the model for quantitative characters of seeds of cereal crops. Incomplete diallel crosses were made by usi...We analysed seed and maternal genetic effects on characters of cooking quality in indica hybrid rice by using the model for quantitative characters of seeds of cereal crops. Incomplete diallel crosses were made by using six male sterile lines (Zhenshan 97A, Erjiuqing A, Erjiunan 1A, V20A, Zhe’nan 1A and Zhe’nan 3A)as females and three restorer lines(Cezao 2-2, T49 and 26715)as males. Sampled seeds were used to measure the cooking quality characters, including amylose content(%), gelatinization temperature(alkali spreading score)and gel consistency(mm). Results indicated that some rice cooking quality characters were controlled by both seed genes and maternal genes (see table). Gel consistency was mainly controlled by maternal effects, but also展开更多
Phytate of three concentrations was sprayed on the leaves of an indica rice Yuanfengzao in heading stage, full heading stage, filling stage and wax ripeness stage respectively. The effects of phytate on the enzyme act...Phytate of three concentrations was sprayed on the leaves of an indica rice Yuanfengzao in heading stage, full heading stage, filling stage and wax ripeness stage respectively. The effects of phytate on the enzyme activity in endosperm and rice grain quality were determinated. Plants sprayed with distilled water were used as control. It was showed that spraying solutions in full heading stage had the most manifest effect. The activity of amylosynthetase between the 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg phytate treatment was identical, which was 7.4% higher than that of 50mg/kg treatment. On the other hand, amylase activity on the 50mg/kg treatment was 12.5% and 8.7% lower than those展开更多
A total of 128 Simao pine trees (Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis) from three regions of Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, were destructively sampled to obtain tree aboveground biomass (AGB...A total of 128 Simao pine trees (Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis) from three regions of Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, were destructively sampled to obtain tree aboveground biomass (AGB). Tree variables such as diameter at breast height and total height, and topographical factors such as altitude, aspect of slope, and degree of slope were recorded. We considered the region and site quality classes as the ran- dom-effects, and the topographic variables as the fixed- effects. We fitted a total of eight models as follows: least- squares nonlinear models (BM), least-squares nonlinear models with the topographic factors (BMT), nonlinear mixed-effects models with region as single random-effects (NLME-RE), nonlinear mixed-effects models with site as single random-effects (NLME-SE), nonlinear mixed-ef- fects models with the two-level nested region and site random-effects (TLNLME), NLME-RE with the fixed-ef- fects of topographic factors (NLMET-RE), NLME-SE with the fixed-effects of topographic factors (NLMET-SE), and TLNLME with the fixed-effects of topographic factors (TLNLMET). The eight models were compared by modelfitting and prediction statistics. The results showed: model fitting was improved by considering random-effects of region or site, or both. The models with the fixed-effects of topographic factors had better model fitting. According to AIC and BIC, the model fitting was ranked as TLNLME 〉 NLMET-RE 〉 NLME-RE.〉 NLMET-SE 〉 TLNLMET 〉 NLME-SE 〉 BMT 〉 BM. The differences among these models for model prediction were small. The model pre- diction was ranked as TLNLME 〉 NLME-RE 〉 NLME- SE 〉 NLMET-RE 〉 NLMET-SE 〉 TLNLMET 〉 BMT 〉 BM. However, all eight models had relatively high prediction precision (〉90 %). Thus, the best model should be chosen based on the available data when using the model to predict individual tree AGB.展开更多
Objective To explore the effects of cognitive intervention on the quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods From May 2013 to February2015,a total of 412 patients with FD were enrolled,cognition...Objective To explore the effects of cognitive intervention on the quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods From May 2013 to February2015,a total of 412 patients with FD were enrolled,cognition of the disease and the quality of life were assessed by disease cognitive simple questionnaire(B-IPQ)and Nepean dyspepsia index(NDI).The patients also re-展开更多
The Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang(DHJST)is the top commercial concentrated aqueous extract used in clinics for treating osteoarthritis.However,choosing the quality control markers for DHJST is an important problem for herbal m...The Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang(DHJST)is the top commercial concentrated aqueous extract used in clinics for treating osteoarthritis.However,choosing the quality control markers for DHJST is an important problem for herbal medicine industry.In this study,DHJST was divided into three groups according to the medical philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),such as Si-Wu-Tang(SWT),wind-dampness herbs(WDH)and tonifying展开更多
This study demonstrates amplification of electrical signals using a very simple nanomechanical device.It is shown that vibration amplitude amplification using a combination of mechanical resonance and thermal-piezores...This study demonstrates amplification of electrical signals using a very simple nanomechanical device.It is shown that vibration amplitude amplification using a combination of mechanical resonance and thermal-piezoresistive energy pumping,which was previously demonstrated to drive self-sustained mechanical oscillation,can turn the relatively weak piezoresistivity of silicon into a viable electronic amplification mechanism with power gains of 420 dB.Various functionalities ranging from frequency selection and timing to sensing and actuation have been successfully demonstrated for microscale and nanoscale electromechanical systems.Although such capabilities complement solid-state electronics,enabling state-of-the-art compact and high-performance electronics,the amplification of electronic signals is an area where micro-/nanomechanics has not experienced much progress.In contrast to semiconductor devices,the performance of the proposed nanoelectromechanical amplifier improves significantly as the dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale presenting a potential pathway toward deep-nanoscale electronics.The nanoelectromechanical amplifier can also address the need for ultranarrow-band filtering along with the amplification of lowpower signals in wireless communications and certain sensing applications,which is another need that is not efficiently addressable using semiconductor technology.展开更多
Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease;however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chem...Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease;however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions(sweat, urine and saliva) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products(sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions) are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the disinfectant.Swimming pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the pool.The presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo-and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based disinfectant.This review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed.展开更多
文摘Understanding the variation for the expressionof genes in different environments is one of themajor goals in qualitative genetics. In this pa-per, the genetic models for quantitative traitsof endosperm in cereal crops were used to eval-uate the seed, cytoplasm and maternal geneticeffects as well as the genotype × environment(GE) interaction effects, and to predict thebreeding value of parents and genotypic corre-lation for nutrient quality traits of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.).
基金A part of the projects titled "Development of Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS),Phase 2","Construction of Ocean Research Stations and their Application Studies","Development of Environmental Information System for NSR Navigation" funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries,Korea,and "Development of fundamental technology for coastal erosion control" of KIOST
文摘Sea surface temperature SST obtained from the initial version of the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS) SST satellite have low accuracy during summer and daytime. This is attributed to the diurnal warming effect. Error estimation of SST data must be carried out to use the real-time forecasting numerical model of the KOOS. This study suggests two quality control methods for the KOOS SST system. To minimize the diurnal warming effect, SSTs of areas where wind speed is higher than 5 m/s were used. Depending on the wind threshold value, KOOS SST data for August 2014 were reduced by 0.15°C. Errors in SST data are considered to be a combination of random, sampling, and bias errors. To estimate bias error, the standard deviation of bias between KOOS SSTs and climatology SSTs were used. KOOS SST data yielded an analysis error standard deviation value similar to OSTIA and NOAA NCDC(OISST) data. The KOOS SST shows lower random and sampling errors with increasing number of observations using six satellite datasets. In further studies, the proposed quality control methods for the KOOS SST system will be applied through more long-term case studies and comparisons with other SST systems.
文摘We analysed seed and maternal genetic effects on characters of cooking quality in indica hybrid rice by using the model for quantitative characters of seeds of cereal crops. Incomplete diallel crosses were made by using six male sterile lines (Zhenshan 97A, Erjiuqing A, Erjiunan 1A, V20A, Zhe’nan 1A and Zhe’nan 3A)as females and three restorer lines(Cezao 2-2, T49 and 26715)as males. Sampled seeds were used to measure the cooking quality characters, including amylose content(%), gelatinization temperature(alkali spreading score)and gel consistency(mm). Results indicated that some rice cooking quality characters were controlled by both seed genes and maternal genes (see table). Gel consistency was mainly controlled by maternal effects, but also
文摘Phytate of three concentrations was sprayed on the leaves of an indica rice Yuanfengzao in heading stage, full heading stage, filling stage and wax ripeness stage respectively. The effects of phytate on the enzyme activity in endosperm and rice grain quality were determinated. Plants sprayed with distilled water were used as control. It was showed that spraying solutions in full heading stage had the most manifest effect. The activity of amylosynthetase between the 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg phytate treatment was identical, which was 7.4% higher than that of 50mg/kg treatment. On the other hand, amylase activity on the 50mg/kg treatment was 12.5% and 8.7% lower than those
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.3116015731560209)Application Fundamental Research Plan Project of Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.2012FD027)
文摘A total of 128 Simao pine trees (Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis) from three regions of Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, were destructively sampled to obtain tree aboveground biomass (AGB). Tree variables such as diameter at breast height and total height, and topographical factors such as altitude, aspect of slope, and degree of slope were recorded. We considered the region and site quality classes as the ran- dom-effects, and the topographic variables as the fixed- effects. We fitted a total of eight models as follows: least- squares nonlinear models (BM), least-squares nonlinear models with the topographic factors (BMT), nonlinear mixed-effects models with region as single random-effects (NLME-RE), nonlinear mixed-effects models with site as single random-effects (NLME-SE), nonlinear mixed-ef- fects models with the two-level nested region and site random-effects (TLNLME), NLME-RE with the fixed-ef- fects of topographic factors (NLMET-RE), NLME-SE with the fixed-effects of topographic factors (NLMET-SE), and TLNLME with the fixed-effects of topographic factors (TLNLMET). The eight models were compared by modelfitting and prediction statistics. The results showed: model fitting was improved by considering random-effects of region or site, or both. The models with the fixed-effects of topographic factors had better model fitting. According to AIC and BIC, the model fitting was ranked as TLNLME 〉 NLMET-RE 〉 NLME-RE.〉 NLMET-SE 〉 TLNLMET 〉 NLME-SE 〉 BMT 〉 BM. The differences among these models for model prediction were small. The model pre- diction was ranked as TLNLME 〉 NLME-RE 〉 NLME- SE 〉 NLMET-RE 〉 NLMET-SE 〉 TLNLMET 〉 BMT 〉 BM. However, all eight models had relatively high prediction precision (〉90 %). Thus, the best model should be chosen based on the available data when using the model to predict individual tree AGB.
文摘Objective To explore the effects of cognitive intervention on the quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods From May 2013 to February2015,a total of 412 patients with FD were enrolled,cognition of the disease and the quality of life were assessed by disease cognitive simple questionnaire(B-IPQ)and Nepean dyspepsia index(NDI).The patients also re-
文摘The Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang(DHJST)is the top commercial concentrated aqueous extract used in clinics for treating osteoarthritis.However,choosing the quality control markers for DHJST is an important problem for herbal medicine industry.In this study,DHJST was divided into three groups according to the medical philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),such as Si-Wu-Tang(SWT),wind-dampness herbs(WDH)and tonifying
基金This work was supported by National Science Foundation CAREER grant No.1056068.
文摘This study demonstrates amplification of electrical signals using a very simple nanomechanical device.It is shown that vibration amplitude amplification using a combination of mechanical resonance and thermal-piezoresistive energy pumping,which was previously demonstrated to drive self-sustained mechanical oscillation,can turn the relatively weak piezoresistivity of silicon into a viable electronic amplification mechanism with power gains of 420 dB.Various functionalities ranging from frequency selection and timing to sensing and actuation have been successfully demonstrated for microscale and nanoscale electromechanical systems.Although such capabilities complement solid-state electronics,enabling state-of-the-art compact and high-performance electronics,the amplification of electronic signals is an area where micro-/nanomechanics has not experienced much progress.In contrast to semiconductor devices,the performance of the proposed nanoelectromechanical amplifier improves significantly as the dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale presenting a potential pathway toward deep-nanoscale electronics.The nanoelectromechanical amplifier can also address the need for ultranarrow-band filtering along with the amplification of lowpower signals in wireless communications and certain sensing applications,which is another need that is not efficiently addressable using semiconductor technology.
基金Curtin University for an Australian Postgraduate AwardWater Research Australia and Chem Centre (Western Australia) for a PhD Top Up Scholarship
文摘Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease;however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions(sweat, urine and saliva) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products(sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions) are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the disinfectant.Swimming pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the pool.The presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo-and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based disinfectant.This review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed.