The superiority of PMFs on reversing drug resistance of colon cancer and the effect on aerobic glycolysis-ROS-autophagy signaling axis

Background:Polymethoxylatedflavones(PMFs)are compounds present in citrus peels and other Rutaceae plants,which exhibit diverse biological activities,including robust antitumor and antioxidant effects.However,the mechanism of PMFs in reversing drug resistance to colon cancer remains unknown.In the present study,we aimed to investigate the potential connection between the aerobic glycolysis-ROS-autophagy signaling axis and the reversal of PTX resistance in colon cancer by PMFs.Methods:MTT Cell viability assay and colony formation assay were used to investigate the effect of PMFs combined with PTX in reversing HCT8/T cell resistance ex vivo;the mRNA and protein levels of the target were detected by SDS-PAGE(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis),quantitative real-timefluorescence polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot protein immunoblotting(WB);An HCT8/T cell xenograft model was established to investigate the MDR reversal activity of PMFs in vivo;The extracellular acidification rate(ECAR)and the oxygen consumption rate(OCR)were detected to assess the cellular oxygen consumption rate and glycolytic process.Results:HCT8/T cells demonstrated significant resistance to PTX,up-regulating the expression levels of ABCB1 mRNA,P-gp,LC3-I,and LC3-II protein,and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)content.PMFs mainly contain two active ingredients,nobiletin,and tangeretin,which were able to reverse drug resistance in HCT8/T cells in a concentration-dependent manner.PMFs exhibited high tolerance in the HCT8/T nude mouse model while increasing the sensitivity of PTX-resistant cells and suppressing tumor growth significantly.PMFs combined with PTX reduced extracellular acidification rate(ECAR)and oxygen consumption rate(OCR)in HCT8/T cells.Additionally,PMFs reduced intracellular ROS content,down-regulated the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-I,LC3-II,Beclin1,and ATG7,and significantly reduced the number of autophagosomes in HCT8/T cells.Conclusions:The present study demonstrated that PMFs could potentially reverse PTX resistance in colon cancer by regulating the aerobic glycolysis-ROS-autophagy signaling axis,which indicated that PMFs would be potential potentiators for future chemotherapeutic agents in colon cancer.

Thermal resistance matrix representation of thermal effects and thermal design of microwave power HBTs with two-dimensional array layout

Based on the thermal network of the two-dimensional heterojunction bipolar transistors(HBTs) array, the thermal resistance matrix is presented, including the self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance to describe the self-heating and thermal coupling effects, respectively.For HBT cells along the emitter length direction, the thermal coupling resistance is far smaller than the self-heating thermal resistance, and the peak junction temperature is mainly determined by the self-heating thermal resistance.However, the thermal coupling resistance is in the same order with the self-heating thermal resistance for HBT cells along the emitter width direction.Furthermore, the dependence of the thermal resistance matrix on cell spacing along the emitter length direction and cell spacing along the emitter width direction is also investigated, respectively.It is shown that the moderate increase of cell spacings along the emitter length direction and the emitter width direction could effectively lower the self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance,and hence the peak junction temperature is decreased, which sheds light on adopting a two-dimensional non-uniform cell spacing layout to improve the uneven temperature distribution.By taking a 2 × 6 HBTs array for example, a twodimensional non-uniform cell spacing layout is designed, which can effectively lower the peak junction temperature and reduce the non-uniformity of the dissipated power.For the HBTs array with optimized layout, the high power-handling capability and thermal dissipation capability are kept when the bias voltage increases.

Nitriding of Hard Fe Electrodepositionand Its Effects on Wear Resistance

Nitriding is employed for the hard Fe electrodeposition to produce a hard-facing and antiwear coating. It only takes 1 h for the hard Fe coating, which is much shorter than nitriding the Fe and steel. The results showed that the nitriding can increase the microhardness, wear resistance of the coating, as well as the bonding strength of the coating with the substrate. Additionally it can eliminate the brittleness, turn the internal stress of the coating from tension to compression. The wear resistance of the nitrided Fe coating is 4.6 times as high as that of Cr coating. It is simple and economic to combine hard Fe electroplating and nitriding, which is a good technology of the tribological surface modification.

Substrate bias effects on collector resistance in SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors on thin film silicon-on-insulator

An analytical expression for the co/lector resistance of a novel vertical SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor （HBT） on thin film silicon-on-insulator （SOI） is obtained with the substrate bias effects being considered. The resistance is found to decrease slowly and then quickly and to have kinks with the increase of the substrate-collector bias, which is quite different from that of a conventional bulk HBT. The model is consistent with the simulation result and the reported data and is useful to the frequency characteristic design of 0.13 μtm millimeter-wave SiGe SOI BiCMOS devices.

A preliminary study on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of two extracts of pine pollen on anoxia and fatigue resistance

Background:To study the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,fatigue resistant and antihypoxia effects of ethanol extract and water extract of pine pollen.Methods:Two different extracts of pine pollen were prepared into there different concentrations,that is 1.5 mg·mL^-1,4.5 mg·mL^-1 and 7.5 mg·mL^-1 respectively.The extract were studied by xylene-induced ear swelling,acetic acid distortion test and hot plate test.The antihypoxia and antifatigue effects were explored by weight-bearing swimming experiment,routine pressure hypoxia tolerance experiment and liver weight coefficient comparison.Results:Through the study of the four pharmacological effects of ethanol extract and water extract,we found that the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antithyposia and antifatigue effects of ethanol extract were better than that of water extract.Moreover,the experimental effects significantly improved with the increase of the concentration,and the effect of alcohol increased dose group was accurate(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pine pollen has excellent effects of anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antihypoxia and anti-fatigue.Besides,with the increase of drug concentration,effects tend to be more obvious with positive correlation.

Nature of Gene Action and Maternal Effects for Pod Borer, <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>Resistance and Grain Yield in Chickpea, <i>Cicer arietinum</i>

Information on mechanisms and inheritance of resistance is critical to plan an effective strategy to breed for resistance to insect pests. Therefore, we evaluated a diverse array of chickpea genotypes (eight desi and one kabuli) with varying levels of resistance to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera to gain an understanding of the nature of gene action and possible maternal effects. The test genotypes were crossed in all possible combinations for a full diallel. The 72 F1s (36 direct and 36 reciprocal crosses) along with the parents were evaluated for resistance to H. armigera under field conditions, and for antibiosis mechanism of resistance (larval survival and larval weight gain) by using detached leaf assay under laboratory conditions, and grain yield under un-protected conditions in the field. Additive gene action governed the inheritance of resistance to H. armigera, while non-additive type of gene action was predominant for inheritance of antibiosis component of resistance (larval survival and larval weight) and grain yield. Greater magnitude of σ2 A(17.39 and 1.42) than σ2 D (3.93 and 1.21) indicated the preponderance of σ2 Ain inheritance of resistance to pod borer, H. armigera under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. There were no maternal effects for inheritance of resistance to pod borer and grain yield. Lines with significant gca effects for pod borer damage and grain yield were identified for further use in the resistance breeding program. The implications of the inheritance pattern of pod borer resistance and grain yield are discussed in the context of strategies to enhance pod borer resistance and grain yield in chickpea.

Effects of telmisartan on hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance

The benefits of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) beyond blood pressure reduction have been proven through many large studies (HOPE, LIFE) in high risk CVD patients;1 post hoc studies have shown reductions in new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). ……

Effects of yield and resistances on rice by application of Si-fertilizer

According to the analysis of 654 soil samples collected from 45 counties in Zhejiang Provence, 73.7% of paddy field showed Si deficient. During 1991 and 1993, in Lishi, Longquang, Qingtian and Tonglu Counties, field experiments were conducted to test the effects of basal or additional Si-fertilizer on rice. Si-fertilizer was produced by Nanjing Inorganic Chemical Manufacture, containing 50% water solu

Analyses of gene effects and inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in rice

We analyzed the resistant inheritance of ajaponica variety,Jia23,to two bacterial blightpathogen strains,KS-6-6 and Zhe 173,rep-resenting respectively the two predominantpathogenic types(Ⅱ and Ⅳ)in the rice crop-ping area along the Yangtze River Valley.Jia23 was crossed with susceptible vari-eties,Ewan8 and 7416.Fplants were back-

Negative effect improvement of accelerated curing on chloride penetration resistance of ordinary concrete

Four mineral admixture concrete specimens werefabricated to study the negative effect improvements ofaccelerated curing on the chloride penetration resistance ofordinary concrete. After reaching different initial strengths, the specimens were placed in 40, 60, or 80 t water tanks foraccelerated curing. The Coulomb values of the specimens weemeasured with ASTM C1202 experiment at 28, 100, 200, ad300 d. Partial specimens were also selected for rapid chlorideion migration coefficient and mercury intrusion porosimetryexperiments. The experimental results show that theaccelerated curing for ordinary concrete linealy deterioratesthe chloride penetration resistance, whereas the incorporationof mineral admixtures improves the concrete microscopic pore-structures and negative effects. An upper temperature limit of60 t of the accelerated curing is suitable for obtainingsuperior chloride penetration resistance for the mineraladmixture concrete. Pre-curing at a normal temperature of 20t is beneficial for improving the negative effect, which isalso aieviated with increasing testing age as a result of thesuccessive hydration of binder materials in concrete.

Effect of Soy Isoflavone Crude Extract Supplementation on High Fat Diet-induced Insulin Resistance in Ovariectomized Rats

Female Wister rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into sham operation group, ovariectomized （OVX） control group, and 20VX groups fed with soy isoflavone crude extract supplementation. The rats had free access to high fat diet and water for 9 weeks. No significant difference was found in body weight （BW）, total abdominal fat, food intake and food utilization rate between OVX control group and 20VX groups. However, the fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels were significantly higher in 20VX groups than in OVX control group （P〈0.05）. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test （IGTI＂） showed that the area under AUC was smaller in 20VX groups than in OVX control group （P〈0.05）. These findings showed that soy isoflavone crude extract supplementation can improve glucose tolerance and prevent high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats.

The Impact and Intervention of Handheld Tai Chi Water-Resistance Fitness Ball on Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Through the use of a survey and statistical methods, this study explores the effects and interventions of handheld Tai Chi water resistance fitness balls on the elderly with Parkinson’s disease. Firstly, a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson’s disease was developed, and its reliability and validity were tested. Then, a survey was conducted to investigate the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson’s disease patients, including general information, scoring status, and single and multiple factor analyses of influencing factors [1]. The results of the study show that through qualitative research, the dimensions and item pools of the questionnaire were initially constructed, and the reliability analysis of the questionnaire was conducted through Delphi expert consultation, with favorable results in terms of its reliability and validity [2]. Regarding the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson’s disease patients, the study found that the level of exercise compliance needs improvement, and there are significant differences in exercise compliance levels among patients under different circumstances. Finally, the research results were discussed and conclusions were drawn. The innovation of this study lies in the development of a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson’s disease and the preliminary qualitative research and Delphi expert consultation conducted on it, providing new ideas and methods for the study of exercise compliance. However, the study also has limitations as it did not examine the effects of other interventions on Parkinson’s disease, so further research should be conducted [3].

Hygrothermal effect on high-velocity impact resistance of woven composites

The woven glass fiber reinforced composites(GFRP)subjected to high-speed impact is investigated to identify the hygrothermal aging effect on the impact resistance.Both the hygrothermal aged and unaged glass/epoxy laminates are subjected to different impact velocities,which is confirmed as a sensitive factor for the failure modes and mechanisms.The results show the hygrothermal aging effect decreases the ballistic limit by 14.9%,but the influence on ballistic performance is limited within the impact velocity closed to the ballistic limit.The failure modes and energy dissipation mechanisms are confirmed to be slightly influenced by the hygrothermal aging effect.The hygrothermal aging effect induced localization of structural deformation and degradation of mechanical properties are the main reasons for the composite undergoing the same failure modes at smaller impact velocities.Based on the energy absorption mechanisms,analytical expressions predict the ballistic limit and energy absorption to reasonable accuracy,the underestimated total energy absorption results in a relatively poor agreement between the measured and predicted energy absorption efficiency.

Effect of Sputtered TiAlCr Coatings on Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Resistance of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V

The effect of sputtered Ti-50Al-10Cr and Ti-50A1-20Cr coatings on both isothermal and cyclic oxidation resistance at 800-900℃ and hot corrosion resistance at 850℃ of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V was investigated. Results indicated that Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloys exhibited poor oxidation resistance due to the formation of Al2O3+TiO2+AlNbO4 mixed scales in air at 800-900℃ and poor hot corrosion resistance due to the spoliation of scales formed in Na2SO4+K2SO4 melts at 850℃. Both Ti-50Al-10Cr and Ti-50Al-20Cr coatings remarkably improved the oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy.

Study on asymmetric thermo-physical effect mechanism of intermediate frequency DC resistance spot welding for aluminum alloy

The asymmetric thermo-physical mechanism of the resistance spot welding technique with intermediate frequency(2 kHz)and direct current(RSWIFDC)on the high strength aluminum(Al)alloy TL091 was studied here in view of the Peltier effect.On the basis of the analysis of the electrode cap surface erosion state and the shape-position of the nugget,it was concluded that asymmetric thermo-physical phenomenon occurred on both ends of the nugget,and even had an influence upon the shape-forming coefficient and the vertical position deviation of the nugget,and the erosion degree of the electrode caps.In this work,the relative thermo-physical model of the welding was established combined with the Peltier effect and the spot welding characteristics.Accordingly the relative welding phenomena,such as nugget center deviation and different erosion degree of the electrode cap surface,was explained clearly using the model related with the Peltier effect for the first time.This model provides important theoretical basis for future study and application of Al alloy spot welding,based on which,effective works may be done to promote the quality of the Al alloy welded joints and to obtain favorable control upon parameters of Al alloy welding for electrode caps.

Effects of Three Typical Resistivity Models on Pulsed Inductive Plasma Acceleration Modeling

The effects of three different typical resistivity models（Spitzer, Z＆L and M＆G） on the performance of pulsed inductive acceleration plasma are studied. Numerical results show that their influences decrease with the increase of the plasma temperature. The significant discriminations among them appear at the plasma temperature lower than 2.5 eV, and the maximum gap of the pulsed inductive plasma accelerated efficiency is approximately 2.5%.Moreover, the pulsed inductive plasma accelerated efficiency is absolutely related to the dynamic impedance parameters, such as voltage, inductance, capacitance and flow rate. However, the distribution of the efficiency as a function of plasma temperature with three resistivity models has nothing to do with the dynamic impedance parameter.

Epistasis and Maternal Effect in Resistance to Puccinia coronata Cda.f.sp. avenae Eriks in Oats(Avena sp.)

The objective of this paper was to investigate the mode of heredity for resistance in oats （Avena sp.） to crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae Eriks, Eight generations of 2 crosses were used to estimate genetic effects and narrow-sense heritability （NSH）. Separate generation means analysis （GMA） indicated a complex gene action controlling this trait with additive, dominance, epistatic and maternal effects （ME）. The genetic model which assumed no epistasis and no ME did not accurately describe the resistance to P. coronata. In both crosses, the digenic epistatic model with ME was sufficient to explain variation in generation means for isolate CRec58 and isolate CRec46. Additive dominance and epistatic components were negative in most cases, suggesting that gene effects contributed more to the resistance than to the susceptibility. The estimated values of NSH were 15-99% depending upon the cross and isolates. The results indicated that appropriate choice of maternal parent and recurrent selection would increase resistance to crown rust in oats.

Effect of Cu addition on corrosion resistance and shape memory effect of Fe-14Mn-5Si-9Cr-5Ni alloy

The modification of Fe-14Mn-5Si-9Cr-5Ni shape memory alloys(SMAs) by copper addition was carried out, aiming at further enhancing its corrosion resistance. The results of electrochemical potentiodynamic measurement and immersion test show that copper can remarkably improve the corrosion resistance in Cl- solution. Otherwise, it is found that copper cannot markedly affect the mechanical properties nor the shape memory effect(SME). As for the effects of copper on Fe-Mn-Si based alloys, the austenite strengthening is one of the key factors to improve SME.

Reversible and Reproducible Giant Universal Electroresistance Effect

After the prediction of the giant electroresistance effect,much work has been carried out to find this effect in practical devices.We demonstrate a novel way to obtain a large electroresistance(ER)effect in the multilayer system at room temperature.The current-in-plane(CIP)electric transport measurement is performed on the multilayer structure consisting of(011)-Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)−PbTiO_(3)(PMN−PT)/Ta/Al-O/metal.It is found that the resistance of the top metallic layer shows a hysteretic behavior as a function electric field,which corresponds well with the substrate polarization versus electric field(P–E)loop.This reversible hysteretic R–E behavior is independent of the applied magnetic field as well as the magnetic structure of the top metallic layer and keeps its memory state.This novel memory effect is attributed to the polarization reversal induced electrostatic potential,which is felt throughout the multilayer stack and is enhanced by the dielectric Al-O layer producing unique hysteretic,reversible,and reproducible resistance switching behavior.This novel universal electroresistance effect will open a new gateway to the development of future multiferroic memory devices operating at room temperature.

Negative Magnetoresistance Effect in La-Pb-Mn-O Bulk Manganese Oxides

The structure,inagnetic and magnetotransport properties of La_(1-x),Pb_(x) MnO bulk manganese oxides prepared by the standard ceramic techniques were investigated by XRD,VSM,ESM and MR measurements.The sintering condition and the hole doped concentration x have a strong iniluence&n the magnetic properties and niagnetore-sistance effect.The maximum MR,20%at room temperature under a field of 2 T, was obtained for x=0.4 and the sintered temperature T_(3)=1260℃.The correlation among the structure,magnetic and MR is discussed.