The amino acids differences in epitopes may promote the different allergenicity of ovomucoid derived from hen eggs and quail eggs

Quail egg ovomucoid can inhibit activation of basophils and eosinophils,while hen egg ovomucoid has been shown to be a major allergen,named Gal d 1.At present,the differences in structure and function between two ovomucoid are unclear.We found the homology of ovomucoid in quail eggs and hen eggs reached77%.Compared with hen egg ovomucoid,the distribution of secondary structure was different in AA52-53,AA57-58,AA66-68,AA71-72,AA131-133,AA139-140,AA157-159 and AA184-185.Among 9 epitopes of egg ovomucoid,there were different amino acids from quail egg ovomucoid in 8 epitopes.Recombination quail egg ovomucoid had trypsin inhibition activity and quail egg ovomucoid didn't specifically bind to serum of eggs allergic patients.Quail egg ovomucoid can significantly inhibit RBL-2 H3 cells degranulation and protect cells morphology to a certain extent,indicating quail egg ovomucoid can inhibit cells activation and have potential anti-allergic effects,which is related to trypsin inhibitory activity.The difference in sensitization compare to hen egg ovomucoid may be due to amino acids differences affecting protein structure by changing antigenic epitopes.

Effects of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides and Calcium Formate on Performance and Egg Quality of Japanese Quail （Coturnixjaponica）

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）, extracted from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and acidifier calcium formate （CF） on some performance parameters and egg quality characteristics of Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica）. During the experimental period, which lasted 90 days, one hundred eighty three, 42-day-old quail, were distributed into 4 groups of 3 replications each and were placed in separate wire suspended cages. The birds of control group received a commercial feed, while the birds of the other 3 groups received the same feed, to which either 6 g CF kg^-1 or 1 g MOS kg^-1 or both 6 g CF kg^-1 plus 1 g MOS kg^-1 were added. The live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality of birds were not significantly affected. The addition of MOS in the feed significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased palmitic acid percentage of egg yolk. Also, the addition of CF significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased egg shape index and palmitic acid percentage of egg yolk. Furthermore, significant （P 〈 0.05） interaction between MOS and CF was observed on palmitic acid percentage, egg shape index and egg shell thickness. No significant effect was observed for egg： weight, specific weight, parts percentage （yolk, albumen, shell）, shell deformation, yolk diameter and yolk colour （L＊a＊b＊ colour space）.

Effect of the Quail Phenotype and Breeding Age on Egg Laying and Characteristics

In order to evaluate the effect of phenotype and quail age on laying rate and egg characteristics, a study has been carried out in Ngaoundéré from February to August 2019. 216 quails were divided into 36 batches of 6 animals each (5 females and 1 male) according to age and phenotype. The experimental animals were white, spotted white, grey and brown phenotypes and were one, six and ten months old. Eggs were collected for three weeks between 8 pm - 4 pm and 4 pm - 8 pm, counted, weighed and measured. 15 eggs per phenotype were randomly selected, broken individually, which allowed the internal parameters to be evaluated. The main results show that the quails laid more eggs between 4 pm - 8 pm, the highest laying rate was obtained in quails at one moth of laying and the spotted white phenotype had a high laying rate (74.03%) compared to other phenotypes. At one month of breeding age, quails with the spotted white phenotype showed a higher laying rate (93.34%), brown (78.75%) and grey (74%) at six months and finally white (71%) at ten months. Weight, height, diameter and egg shape index did not vary with the quail phenotype. The highest egg volume (12.60 ml) was found in white quails. The shells of white spotted quails were thicker than those of other phenotypes. Grey quails laid eggs with the highest Haugh’s index and proportion of edible matter. Brown quail eggs were found to have a higher proportion of dry yolk matter. Dry matter and moisture content of albumen did not vary with the quail phenotype. Considering the results obtained, it has been concluded that spotted white phenotype quails are more suitable for reproduction as they presented the best egg-laying proportions of edible matter.

Functional Properties of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Eggs Proteins

The eggs of the domestic chicken(Gallus gallus domesticus)are the most consumed,but those of duck,goose,and quail are also consumed,to name a few.An egg is considered as a food rich in proteins,minerals,and lipids.Eggs generally consist of three main components:shell,white,and yolk,these have several functional properties that are used in food and other industries.The functional properties of the egg white and yolk are the ability of foaming,gelling,and emulsifying,which can be dealt with according to storage time.The objective of this work was to evaluate the functional properties of the components of the Japanese quail egg.The functional properties of eggs stored at room temperature for 1,10,20,30,40,50,and 60 days after laying were determined.Results are analyzed using a Tukey paired comparison test.The volume of the foam of the quail egg white did not change with storage time,the emulsion capacity was 193.8 mL of oil per gram of protein from the yolk.The coagulation capacity requires a lower temperature to coagulate the quail egg proteins,due to the slower transformation of ovalbumin to its thermo-stable form(S-ovalbumin)as compared to that of chicken.

Effects of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaf Meal on Performance, Carcass, Organs, Eggs and Meat of Japanese Quails

There are several reports on the utilisation of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets due to its essential bioactive compounds yet,little is known about its influence on Japanese quail eggs and meat qualities.Hence,the need to examine performance,eggs and meat qualities of Japanese quail hens fed M.oleifera leaf.To achieve this,240 Japanese quail chicks were allocated to three dietary treatments:D1:control,0.0%(without M.oleifera leaf meal),D2:(0.5%M.oleifera leaf meal)and D3:(1%M.oleifera leaf meal).Data on performance,carcass,organs,eggs and meat qualities were collected and subjected to ANOVA at 0.05.Results revealed that feed consumption was lowest(2,701g)in D1 and highest(2,800g)in D2,carcass weight varied from 100-100.67g,thigh weight(12.66-13.58g)and breast weight was highest(40.41g)in D3.Liver weight was lowest(3.25g)in D1,kidney was largest(0.91g)in D3 whereas,the heart,gizzard and spleen weights ranged from 1.00-1.16g,3.08-3.50g and 0.04-0.08g,respectively.In the eggs,crude protein(10.94%),crude fat(6.71%),ash(1.36%),high-density lipoprotein(96.12mg/100g)and low-density lipoprotein(120.67mg/100g)were highest in D1.Total cholesterol(364.08mg/100g)and triglycerides(147.27mg/100g)were least in D1 and the caloric value varied from 1.46-1.47kcal/g.In the meat,crude protein(17.14%)and energy value(1.96kcal/g)were best in D2 but,crude fat(12.62%),ash(2.85%)and carbohydrates(1.31%)were superior in D3.In both eggs and meat,no crude fibre(0.0%)was detected.In any case,all the parameter values were within the normal ranges given in healthy Japanese quails at similar age.Consequently,addition of M.oleifera leaf meal at 1.0%to Japanese quail diets might not depress performance,affect carcass quality,cause organs dysfunctions but may improve nutritional quality of the eggs and meat.

不同C_(18)固相萃取柱对鹌鹑蛋中6类兽药残留测定的影响研究

使用不同C_(18)固相萃取柱对鹌鹑蛋进行处理,通过对比基质效应、回收率、精密度的结果,评价不同C_(18)固相萃取柱对6类兽药残留测定情况的影响。结果表明,使用不同C_(18)固相萃取柱后,6类目标物质保留时间出峰一致,且目标物质峰形良好,净化效果基本一致。对同一种化合物的基质效应标准偏差均小于10%。3种不同浓度下,6类兽药的平均回收率为71.4%~116.1%,精密度为2.6%~15.5%,均满足使用效果。

基于脂质组学对5种常见禽蛋蛋黄脂质差异的研究

为研究鸭蛋、鹅蛋、鹌鹑蛋、鸽蛋及鸡蛋蛋黄所含脂质的差异,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱对5种禽蛋黄进行脂质组学分析。结果显示,共检测到6类、26个亚类的1303种脂类。鸭与鸽的蛋黄、鸡与鹌鹑的蛋黄脂质成分相近,鹅蛋与其他蛋黄脂质成分差异最大。鸡蛋黄鞘脂含量最丰富,鹌鹑蛋黄的甘油磷脂含量最高,鸽蛋黄甘油酯含量最低,鸭蛋黄及鸽蛋黄的甘油二酯与甘油三酯含量比值最高,鸭蛋黄及鸽蛋黄中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。与鸡蛋黄相比,其他禽蛋有33个脂质存在极显著差异(P<0.05、VIP≥1并且FC≥10或FC≤0.1)。研究表明,不同禽蛋黄含有的脂质存在显著差异,当对比甘油酯比例及ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量时,鸭蛋黄和鸽蛋黄较鸡蛋黄、鹅蛋黄、鹌鹑蛋黄有优势。

密蒙花干粉对产蛋鹌鹑蛋黄颜色、脂肪含量、生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究密蒙花干粉对鹌鹑蛋黄颜色、蛋中脂肪含量、生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响。选择90日龄健康鹌鹑600只,按体重相近原则随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复40只鹌鹑。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,CK1组和CK2组在基础饲粮中添加5%、10%密蒙花干粉。预试期7 d,正式试验期30 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,CK2组蛋黄颜色极显著加深(P<0.01),CK1组和CK2组平均蛋重显著升高(P<0.05),平均日采食量、料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组蛋黄占比均显著升高(P<0.05),甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著降低(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及血糖(GLU)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加5%和10%密蒙花干粉能够改善蛋黄颜色,提高生产性能和蛋品质,改善血清生化指标,且添加10%的密蒙花干粉效果较好。

不同水平的牛磺酸对蛋用鹌鹑生长、产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

试验旨在考察牛磺酸对蛋用鹌鹑生长、产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响。将1 800只1日龄鹌鹑分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复200只鹌鹑。各组鹌鹑日粮中分别添加0、100、300 mg/kg的牛磺酸。试验期共46周,分为两个阶段,第一阶段为0~6周,第二阶段为7~46周。结果显示,与对照组相比,日粮中添加300 mg/kg牛磺酸可显著降低生长期鹌鹑的料重比(P<0.05),显著提高产蛋期鹌鹑的产蛋率和哈氏单位(P<0.05),降低产蛋期鹌鹑料蛋比和破软蛋率(P<0.05);日粮中添加100 mg/kg牛磺酸可显著降低破软蛋率(P<0.05),但对平均日采食量、产蛋率、料蛋比等影响不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,牛磺酸对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能的影响与其添加量有关,添加量为100 mg/kg时作用效果不明显。

槲皮素对鹌鹑生产性能、蛋品质及肠道菌群的影响

为明确日粮中添加槲皮素对鹌鹑生产性能、蛋品质和性激素水平及肠道菌群的影响,促进槲皮素在鹌鹑生产中的应用,将288羽7周龄黄羽产蛋雌鹌鹑随机平均分为4组,分别饲喂基础饲料、添加0.02%槲皮素的基础饲料、添加0.04%槲皮素的基础饲料、添加0.08%槲皮素的基础饲料,饲喂56 d,测定各处理鹌鹑生产性能指标、蛋品质指标、卵巢激素水平,并对鹌鹑粪便进行16S rDNA测序,分析日粮中添加槲皮素对鹌鹑肠道微生物群落的影响。结果表明,添加0.04%槲皮素的日粮处理能够增强鹌鹑的蛋壳强度,添加0.08%槲皮素的日粮处理能够提高鹌鹑的产蛋率、蛋壳比例、蛋壳强度和蛋黄比例,但对平均蛋重、日采食量和料蛋比无显著影响;添加0.08%槲皮素的日粮处理可显著提高鹌鹑卵巢中孕酮(PROG)浓度和降低催乳素(PRL)浓度;添加0.08%槲皮素的日粮处理可降低有害菌群相对丰度。综上,添加0.08%槲皮素的日粮处理可提高鹌鹑生产性能和蛋品质,且槲皮素可降低肠道内有害菌群的相对丰度,促进机体健康。

辣椒碱对鹌鹑产蛋性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究辣椒碱对鹌鹑产蛋性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响。选用320只体重接近、体况良好的84日龄朝鲜鹌鹑随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复16只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,辣椒碱1组、辣椒碱2组和辣椒碱3组分别饲喂基础日粮+60、120、240 mg/kg辣椒碱,预试期30 d,正试期120 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,辣椒碱2组产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05);辣椒碱2组和辣椒碱3组的血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白含量均显著提高(P<0.05),血清葡萄糖和血清尿素氮含量均显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,辣椒碱2组和辣椒碱3组的血清总超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著提高(P<0.05),辣椒碱2组的血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,适量的辣椒碱能够提高鹌鹑的产蛋性能,改善血清生化指标,增强机体抗氧化能力,综合各项指标,鹌鹑饲料里添加120 mg/kg辣椒碱应用效果较好。

Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizomes Essential Oil on Some Reproductive Parameters in Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

To assess the effect of ginger rhizomes essential oil on some reproductive parameters of laying birds, 80 female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 3 weeks and weighing between 120 - 130 g were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. From 3 till 13 weeks, birds in group 1 (control) received distilled water orally (100 μl/kg body weight), while the other three test groups during the same period, received respectively by gavage 50, 100 and 150 μl of ginger roots essential oil per kg body weight. At 11 weeks old, eight birds per group in each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered, blood samples collected for analysis. On the other hand, the remaining females were maintained 3 with one untreated male in identical boxes per treatment, for fertility assessment, eggs characteristics and hatchability traits. Throughout the experiment, biochemical parameters, eggs characteristics, fertility and hatchability traits were analyzed. No significant change (p > 0.05) was observed during the experimental period for body and relative ovary weights. Contrary, the relative uterus weight significantly increased (p < 0.05) in dose-dependent manner. The level of serum total proteins, LH, FSH and estradiol significantly increased (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Also, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, total hatchability and chick’s weight significantly increased (p < 0.05) in birds received 100 and 150 μl/kg b.w compared to those of control group. On the other hand, embryonic mortality decreased significantly (p < 0.05) whatever the ginger rhizomes essential oil dose. It was concluded that ginger rhizomes essential oil enhances bird reproductive performances, proteins and reproductive hormone levels and hatchability traits in treated female quails.

Comparison of Nutritional Composition of Bird Egg Varieties Found in Southern Nigeria: A Preliminary Study

This study was aimed at comparing nutrient composition of some bird eggs in their raw and boiled forms. The different varieties were exotic chicken, local chicken, turkey, quail and guinea fowl eggs. The eggs were shelled and their contents (boiled and raw) lyophilized. Standard AOAC methods were used for determination of proximate, mineral and vitamin compositions. Results showed the boiled eggs having higher nutrient concentrations than the raw eggs across all species. Guinea fowl egg had significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of protein, fat and most micronutrients. The eggs were rich in microelements, with guinea fowl egg having the best sodium-potassium ratio (0.66). Turkey eggs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher iron content in the raw and boiled samples (7.2 ± 0.09 mg/100g and 9.6 mg/100g, respectively). This study showed some “less-popular”/underutilized eggs having certain nutrients in significantly greater quantities;hence exploiting these may greatly improve diet quality and nutritional status of consumers.

富硒蚯蚓粉对芦丁鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、硒沉积及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加富硒蚯蚓粉对芦丁鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及组织硒沉积的影响。试验选用160只体重接近、健康状态良好的芦丁鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。LJ0组(对照组)芦丁鸡饲喂基础日粮,LJ1组、LJ2组、LJ3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%富硒蚯蚓粉(硒含量为112 mg/kg)。预试期7d,正式试验期28 d。结果显示,与LJ0组相比,各试验组芦丁鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率显著增加(P<0.05),LJ2组、LJ3组芦丁鸡的平均日采食量显著升高(P<0.05)。各组蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋黄指数、蛋黄重、蛋黄相对重和蛋壳厚度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。与LJ0组相比,各试验组鸡蛋和肌肉中的总硒、无机硒和有机硒含量均极显著提高(P<0.01);鸡蛋中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著提高(P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。研究表明,在芦丁鸡日粮中添加1.0%富硒蚯蚓粉效果较好,能够在一定程度上提升芦丁鸡产蛋性能、鸡蛋抗氧化性性能以及组织硒沉积。

鹌鹑GnRH-1基因多态性与蛋品质的关联分析

为探索促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)基因亚型GnRH-1基因与鹌鹑蛋品质的相关性,利用PCR扩增和DNA测序技术,检测GnRH-1基因在中国黄羽鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑中的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)突变位点,并分析GnRH-1基因的多态性与鹌鹑蛋品质的关联性,以期获得鹌鹑蛋品质相关的分子标记,为蛋用鹌鹑新品系的培育提供参考。结果表明,GnRH-1基因在中国黄羽鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑中检测到14个SNP突变位点,分别为C71T、C108T、C168T、C178T、A184G、C206T、A209C、C215T、A252G、A279T、C281T、C293G、C339T、C458T,除A209C和C281T在中国黄羽鹌鹑和北京白羽鹌鹑中只检测到2种基因型外,其他12个SNP位点在3个鹌鹑品种中均检测到3种基因型。关联分析表明,GnRH-1基因的C71T、C215T、A209C、A279G位点与鹌鹑的蛋黄高度和蛋黄指数有显著(P<0.05)相关性,A209C位点与鹌鹑的蛋黄宽度有显著(P<0.05)相关性,A279G位点与鹌鹑的蛋壳厚度有显著(P<0.05)相关性。综上所述,GnRH-1基因可以作为影响鹌鹑蛋品质的分子标记或候选基因。

左旋肉碱对产蛋高峰期鹌鹑生产性能及蛋品质的影响

为了研究左旋肉碱对蛋用鹌鹑的产蛋性能、蛋品质以及血液生化指标的影响,试验选用600只29周龄的黄羽蛋用鹌鹑,采用单因素随机区组设计,分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只。其中对照组鹌鹑饲喂基础日粮,试验组分为试验1、2、3组,分别在基础日粮基础上添加左旋肉碱20、40、80 mg/kg,饲养期35 d。记录并统计各组日采食量、料蛋比、产蛋率,并测定蛋组成及各项血液生化指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验1、2、3组鹌鹑采食量极显著提高(P<0.01),产蛋率和料蛋比差异不显著(P>0.05)。在蛋品质方面,试验1、2、3组蛋黄颜色相比对照组极显著改善(P<0.01),蛋白品质差异不显著(P>0.05)。对蛋壳强度无显著影响(P>0.05),但有降低蛋壳厚度的趋势(P<0.01)。对蛋重等其他蛋组成指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。各组间血液指标方面无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明在日粮中添加左旋肉碱提高了蛋用鹌鹑的采食量,改善了蛋黄颜色,虽然存在降低蛋壳厚度的可能性,但对蛋壳强度无影响,其中以添加20 mg/kg左旋肉碱效果最佳。

鹌鹑蛋中7种重金属元素含量及风险评估

【目的】为探究市售鹌鹑蛋中重金属元素对人体健康的影响。【方法】使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICPOES)测定包头市市售鹌鹑蛋蛋黄中的Pb、Cd、As、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 7种重金属含量,并根据国家标准通过单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法对样品中的重金属元素进行评价,采用蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)模型计算风险商(THQ)、总风险商(TTHQ)评估了相关人类健康风险。【结果及结论】(1)鹌鹑蛋蛋黄中Pb超标率为100%,超过国家限量标准2.7倍。As总超标率为12%。(2)鹌鹑蛋总体受到轻污染,主要由Pb污染引起,(3)鹌鹑蛋对人体健康存在一定的健康风险,除As(THQ>1)外,其余6种元素的THQ<1,总体的TTHQ>1,复合风险主要由As引起;总健康风险值:儿童>女性>男性>1。

鸡蛋、乌鸡蛋、鹌鹑蛋营养成分的测定比较

禽蛋是人们生活中的重要营养源,是天然食物中最理想的蛋白质。本试验测定了鸡蛋、乌鸡蛋和鹌鹑蛋中的水分、脂肪、蛋白质、磷脂、胆固醇、维生素B2和氨基酸的含量,通过数据对比分析,得到如下结果:乌鸡蛋具有较高的营养价值,鹌鹑蛋由于含有很高的胆固醇,并不适合老年人的食用。鸡蛋的蛋白质、磷脂和氨基酸含量均低于乌鸡蛋和鹌鹑蛋,其营养价值最低。