AN IMPROVED SAR-GMTI METHOD BASED ON EIGEN-DECOMPOSITION OF THE SAMPLE COVARIANCE MATRIX

An improved two-channel Synthetic Aperture Radar Ground Moving Target Indication (SAR-GMTI) method based on eigen-decomposition of the covariance matrix is investigated. Based on the joint Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Along-Track Interferometric (ATI) phase and the similarity between the two SAR complex images, a novel ellipse detector is presented and is applied to the indication of ground moving targets. We derive its statistics and analyze the performance of detection process in detail. Compared with the approach using the ATI phase, the ellipse detector has a better performance of detection in homogenous clutter. Numerical experiments on simulated data are presented to validate the improved performance of the ellipse detector with respect to the ATI phase approach. Finally, the detection capability of the proposed method is demonstrated by measured SAR data.

Eigen-Space Decomposition(ESD)Method for the Design of Internal Model Controller(IMC)from Noisy Input and Output Plant Data

A novel approach to design Internal Model Controller(IMC)is proposed in this paper directly from measuredinput and output plant data,which are assumed to becontaminated by measurement noise.In order to avoidthe complicated structure-identification problem inmost cases,two Finite Impulse Response(FIR)modelsare taken to represent the plant model and the internalmodel controller respectively.Taking account of mea-surement noise both in the plant input and its output,anESD based Total Least Squares(TLS)solution is appliedfor the unbiased identification of the plant model and itsinverse model,the latter constitutes the internal modelcontroller according to the principle that the internalmodel controller approximates the inverse dynamics ofthe plant model.Simulations are given for a testifica-tion.

LaSrNiO_(4-λ) with K_2NiF_4 Strcture──A Highly Active Catalyst for Direct Decomposition of Nitrogen Monoxide

A series of perovskite-like mixed oxides La2-xSrxMO4±λ(M =Cu, Co,Ni; x=0,1 ) was prepared and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction. The catalytic properties of these catalysts in NO decompositiori were tested. The results showed that LaSrNiO4-λ with K2NiF4 structure is very active and stable for the decomposition of NO.

A New Nickel(Ⅱ) Coordination Compound Constructed by Pyridyl-triazole and Oxybis(Benzoic Acid): Synthesis,Crystal Structure and the Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

A new energetic complex, Ni（3,4＇-Hbpt）2（Hoba）2（H20）2 （3,4＇-Hbpt = 3-（3-pyridyl）- 5-（4＇-pyridyl）-l-H-l,2,4-triazole and H2oba = 4,4＇-oxybis（benzoic acid））, has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and X-ray powder diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the complex belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2j/c with a = 10.2357（9）, b = 24.594（2）, c = 10.4225（9）/k, β = 114.0110（10）°, V = 2396.7（4） A3, Dc = 1.460 g/cm3,μ = 0.482 mm-1, Mr = 1053.63, F（000） = 1088, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0358 and wR = 0.0973 with I 〉 2σ（I）. Both 3,4＇-Hbpt and H2oba ligands adopt monodentate modes linking one Ni（II） ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 3D supramolecular architecture with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of the efficacy of ammonium perchlorate （AP） is explored by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, which indicates that the complex is a good candidate for a promoter of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.

Catalytic Kinetic on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate with a New Energetic Complex Based on 3,5-Bis(3-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole

A new energetic complex,[Co（3,3？-Hbpt）（Htm）]·H_2O（1,3,3？-Hbpt = 3,5-bis（3-pyridyl）-1H-1,2,4-triazole and H_3tm = trimesic acid）,has been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,elementary analysis,IR spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that the complex belongs to triclinic system,space group P 1 with a = 10.0911（1）,b = 10.2573（1）,c = 10.6393（1） ？,α = 103.793（2）,β = 101.041（2）,γ = 107.918（3）o,V = 974.9（2） ？~3,Z = 2,D_c = 1.732 g·cm-3,μ = 0.941 mm^（-1）,M_r = 508.31,F（000） = 518,the final R = 0.0523 and wR = 0.0935 with I 〉 2σ（I）. In the title complex,Co（Ⅱ） ions are connected by Htm2-anions generating 1D ladder-like chains which are linked by 3,3？-Hbpt to form 1D cages. In addition,the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate（AP） with complex 1 was explored by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. AP is completely decomposed in a shorter time in the presence of complex 1,and the decomposition heat of the mixture is 2.531 kJ·g^（-1）,significantly higher than that of pure AP. By Kissinger＇s method,the ratio of Ea/ln（A） is 11.05 for the mixture,which indicates that complex 1 shows good catalytic activity toward the AP decomposition.

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Lead 2,4,6-Trinitroresorcinate Monohydrate

The non-isothermal decomposition of lead 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinate monohydrate, Pb(TNR)·H\-2O, was investigated by means of TG-DTA, DSC and IR. The thermal decomposition mechanism and the dissociated kinetics were also investigated. The kinetic parameters were obtained from the analysis of the DSC curves by integral and differential methods. The most probable kinetic model function of the dehydration reaction of \{Pb(TNR)·H\-2O\} was suggested by the comparison of the kinetic parameters.

Effect of cooling rate on evolution of superconducting phases during decomposition and recrystallization of (Bi,Pb)-2223 core in Ag-sheathed tape

The reformation of (Bi,Pb)-2223 from the liquid or melt is very important for a melting process of (Bi,Pb)-2223 tape. By combination of quenching experiment with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the effect of cooling rate on the evolution of three superconducting phases in the (Bi,Pb)-2223 core of Ag-sheathed tape was investigated. The results show that (Bi,Pb)-2223 reformation from the melt seems to experience different routes during slowly cooling at different rates. One is that (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase reformed directly from the melt, and no Bi-2212 participate in this process. The other is that (Bi,Pb)-2223 is converted from the intermediate product, Bi-2212, which formed from the melt during the first cooling stage. Due to the inherent sluggish formation kinetics of (Bi,Pb)-2223 from Bi-2212, only partial (Bi,Pb)-2223 can finally be reformed with the second route.

Decomposition Theorems for Semi-order Fuzzy Supermartingales and Submartingales

Based on semi - order fuzzy supermaringales andsubmartingales, the semi- order fuzzy supermartingaleand submartingale theory is developed. The main resultis to generalize the Doob decomposition and the Riesz de-composition theorems of standard martingale theory tosemi - order fuzzy supermaringales and submartingales.The structure of semi - order fuzzy supermaringales andsubmartingales and the conditions of that they has Doobdecomposition (resp. Riesz decomposition) are discussedin detail.

Preparation and spectroscopic, and thermal decomposition kinetic studies of europium(Ⅲ) complex [Eu(HNBD)_3] (HNBD: 1-(6-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione)

The complex of Eu（IH） with 1-（6-hydroxy- 1-naphthyl）- 1,3-butanedione （HNBD） was prepared for the first time and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, fluorescence spectrum, and DTA-TG-DTG techniques. The IR and UV-visible spectra showed that Eu（Ⅲ） ion was coordinated to the HNBD ligand. The fluorescence spectrum showed the presence of Eu^3＋ characteristic emission. The TG-DTA-DTG curves showed that the thermal decomposition of the anhydrous complex was a two-stage process and the final residue was Eu2O3. The thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the complex were evaluated from TG-DTG data by using three kinds of integral methods （Coat-Redfem equation, Horowitz and Metzger equation, Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan equation）. The kinetic parameters of the first stage are E^＊ = 164.02 kJ.moll, A = 1.31 × 10^15 s^-l, AS^＊= 42.27 J·K^-l·mol^-l, △H^＊ = 159.51 kJ·mol^-l, △G^＊= 136.54 kJ·mol^-l, and n = 3.1, those of the second stage are E^＊= 128.52 kJ·mol^-l, A = 1.44× 106 s^-1, △S^＊= - 136.89 J·K^-l·mol^-l, △H^＊ = 120.41 kJ·mol^-l, △G^＊= 283.85 kJ·mol^-l, and n = 1.1.

基于EIGEN-CG03C地球重力场模型的GPS高程转换算法研究

针对地形起伏较大地区纯粹采用数值逼近方法进行GPS高程转换精度不高的事实,提出了一种在"移去-拟合-恢复"思路的基础上,综合利用EIGEN-CG03C地球重力场模型和数值逼近算法进行GPS高程转换的方法。通过某隧道实例验证了该方法的有效性和实用性,证实该方法在地形起伏较大的重山区能够达到较高的精度。

分布式散射体相位估计奇异值分解法

常规的分布式散射体(DS)相位估计方法需要生成全组合干涉对以构建样本协方差矩阵(SCM),然后根据SCM的统计特性估计DS相位,这一过程不但计算耗时,而且占据大量存储空间。本文提出了一种基于奇异值分解技术的DS相位快速估计方法(SVDI)。该方法分析的对象是单主影像干涉对组成的干涉相位矩阵而非全组合干涉对组成的SCM,因而可以有效提高计算效率、节省存储空间。并且,理论上证明了在一定条件下SVDI的结果与常规的特征值分解方法(EVD)是一致的。模拟数据和真实SAR数据的结果表明,SVDI算法有更高的计算效率,并且其相位估计精度以及形变解算精度与常规算法是一致的。

八天线TD-LTE系统的波束赋形算法分析

多天线是天线技术的发展趋势,TD-LTE引入了8发2收的天线配置。基于小间距多天线阵列,利用TDD系统信道互易性,波束赋形技术可以根据上行导频获得信道信息,形成对基带(中频)信号的最佳组合或者分配,补偿无线传播过程中由空间损耗、多径效应等因素引入的信号衰落与失真,同时降低同信道用户间的干扰。EBB(Eigen-based Beamforming)算法是波束赋形主要算法之一,该算法中在整个波束空间中,找到使接收信号功率最大的赋形权矢量。通过仿真,对EBB算法在各种应用场景下的性能进行了分析,结果表明八天线EBB波束赋形算法可以正确实现波束合成,在低速或上行信道信息估计误差较小情况下能够明显提高系统性能。

最小范数约束的改进MVDR波束形成算法

针对传统的最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)波束形成方法,难以有效均衡和同时优化干扰和噪声抑制的问题,提出一种基于最小范数解的改进算法。通过对阵列接收信号的自相关阵进行特征分解,取大特征值减去噪声功率及大特征值对应特征向量,构建线性约束方程的最小范数解,代替MVDR算法中的自相关阵的逆的形式形成加权系数,其中噪声功率由小特征值的平均值估计,获得的权系数对应于线性约束条件下的最小范数解。仿真分析表明,该算法能够有效地在干扰位置处形成零陷,利于后续在时间维的噪声滤波处理,较之于MVDR等算法有更好的干扰和噪声抑制性能。

基于互相关矢量重构的解相干实值Root-MUSIC算法

实值Root-MUSIC算法是一种计算量小、精度高的波达方向估计算法,但其最多能处理两个相干信源,阵元利用率很低。为了解决此问题,提出了一种新的实值Root-MUSIC算法,利用阵列接收数据的互相关矢量重构相关矩阵,使其具有Toeplitz特性。新算法无须空间平滑,无阵列孔径损失,可估计的相干信源数更多。实验仿真表明,与原算法相比,新算法实现更简单、计算量更小、性能更好,对于八阵元的阵列,原算法只能分辨两个相干信源,新算法可以成功估计四个相干信源,为实值类算法在多径环境领域的DOA估计提供了一条新途径。

基于EEMD-JADE的桥梁挠度监测中温度效应的分离

针对桥梁挠度各成分的分离问题,提出一种基于EEMD-JADE的单通道盲源分离算法。首先,利用传统的集合经验模态分解法(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)将单通道的桥梁挠度信号分解为一系列线性平稳的本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF);然后,采用基于能量熵增量的判别法识别并剔除虚假的IMF分量,将能量熵增量较大的IMF分量组成盲源分离模型的输入信号;最后,采用矩阵联合近似对角化(Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigen-matrices,JADE)算法对输入信号进行盲源分离。JADE算法在源信号频率差异较小且频率有所混叠的状况下也能较好地分离出源信号,但要求观测信号数必须大于等于源信号数目;EEMD具有良好的自适应性,能够将单通道的混合信号进行多尺度分解,形成多通道信号,但分解结果存在端点效应与模态混叠。JADE算法能够解决EEMD分解结果存在的端点效应与模态混叠问题,且EEMD也解决了JADE分离算法的先决条件。两种算法优势互补,能够较好地分离出各挠度组分。通过有限元软件Midas/civil建立了背景桥梁模型,经仿真分析得到了各单项因素作用下的桥梁结构响应,并将其叠加在一起作为待分离的混合挠度信号。仿真信号分离的结果与源信号的相关系数均在0.98以上,说明分离效果较好。最后,采集实测挠度信号进行分离,处于对称位置测点分离出的各挠度组分的相关系数均在0.9以上,证明了该算法的适用性。

分块Hermitian-Toeplitz阵特征分解的算法

本文给出了将分块Hermitian-Toeplitz阵与实矩阵互换,并求其特征结构的一种算 法,从而减少对计算机内存的要求和提高处理速度。

一种VESPRIT-TSM算法研究

为了提高波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的性能,提出一种虚拟借助旋转不变技术估计信号参数的时空矩阵(Virtual Estimating Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques-Time Spatial Matrix,VE-SPRIT-TSM)算法。即利用两行均匀直线阵构造出三组子阵列,并根据由此得到的数据估计用户的二维DOA。理论分析表明,该算法可提高了阵列的利用率,计算误差更小,并能改善DOA的估计性能。计算机仿真实验证明该算法有效。

双线性时间-频率分布的近似计算及其应用

双线性时间-频率分布是非平稳信号处理的重要工具。但该方法运算量大,占内存多,无法实时实现。根据核函数的谱分解理论,把实离散核函数表示为实对称矩阵,利用对称矩阵的特征分解把离散时间双线性时间-频率变换表示为离散时间频谱图的加权和,用频谱图的部分和实现双线性变换的快速近似计算。数字仿真与齿轮箱故障信号处理结果表明,近似计算方法能够节能存贮空间,明显提高计算速度。

Modal identification based on Hilbert-Huang Transform of structural response with S VD preprocessing

In recent years, Empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis have been combined to identify system parameters. Singular-Value Decomposition is pro- posed as a signal preprocessing technique of Hilbert-Huang Transform to extract modal parameters for closely spaced modes and low-energy components. The proposed method is applied to a simulated airplane model built in Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems software. The results demonstrate that the identified modal parameters are in good agreement with the baseline model.