Particle Modeling Based on Interatomic Potential and Crystal Structure: A Multi-Scale Simulation of Elastic-Plastic Deformation of Metallic Material

We formulate a macroscopic particle modeling analysis of metallic materials (aluminum and copper, etc.) based on theoretical energy and atomic geometries derivable from their interatomic potential. In fact, particles in this framework are presenting a large mass composed of huge collection of atoms and are interacting with each other. We can start from cohesive energy of metallic atoms and basic crystalline unit (e.g. face-centered cubic). Then, we can reach to interparticle (macroscopic) potential function which is presented by the analytical equation with terms of exponent of inter-particle distance, like a Lennard-Jones potential usually used in molecular dynamics simulation. Equation of motion for these macroscopic particles has dissipative term and fluctuation term, as well as the conservative term above, in order to express finite temperature condition. First, we determine the parameters needed in macroscopic potential function and check the reproduction of mechanical behavior in elastic regime. By using the present framework, we are able to carry out uniaxial loading simulation of aluminum rod. The method can also reproduce Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio as elastic behavior, though the result shows the dependency on division number of particles. Then, we proceed to try to include plasticity in this multi-scale framework. As a result, a realistic curve of stress-strain relation can be obtained for tensile and compressive loading and this new and simple framework of materials modeling has been confirmed to have certain effectiveness to be used in materials simulations. We also assess the effect of the order of loadings in opposite directions including yield and plastic states and find that an irreversible behavior depends on different response of the particle system between tensile and compressive loadings.

Elastic-plastic contact force history and response characteristics of circular plate subjected to impact by a projectile

A new elastic-plastic impact-contact model is proposed in this paper. By adopting the principle of minimum acceleration for elastic-plastic continue at finite deformation, and with the aid of finite difference method, the proposed model is applied in the problem of dynamic response of a clamped thin circular plate subjected to a projectile impact centrally. The impact force history and response characteristics of the target plate is studied in detail. The theoretical predictions of the impact force and plate deflection are in good agreements with those of LDA experimental data. Linear expressions of the maximum impact force/transverse deflection versus impact velocity are given on the basis of the theoretical results.

Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact(HLLC)approximation Riemann solver with elastic waves for one-dimensional elastic-plastic problems

A Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact （HLLC） approximate Riemann solver is built with elastic waves （HLLCE） for one-dimensional elastic-plastic flows with a hypo- elastic constitutive model and the von Mises＇ yielding criterion. Based on the HLLCE, a third-order cell-centered Lagrangian scheme is built for one-dimensional elastic-plastic problems. A number of numerical experiments are carried out. The numerical results show that the proposed third-order scheme achieves the desired order of accuracy. The third-order scheme is used to the numerical solution of the problems with elastic shock waves and elastic rarefaction waves. The numerical results are compared with a reference solution and the results obtained by other authors. The comparison shows that the pre- sented high-order scheme is convergent, stable, and essentially non-oscillatory. Moreover, the HLLCE is more efficient than the two-rarefaction Riemann solver with elastic waves （TRRSE）

ELASTIC-PLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITES

In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed to obtain the macroscopic elastic-plastic constitutive relation of particle reinforced composites (PRC). The strain energy density of PRC is analyzed based on the cell model, and the analytical formula for the macro-constitutive relation of PRC is obtained. The strength effects of volume fraction of the particle and the strain hardening exponent of matrix material on the macro-constitutive relation are investigated, the relation curve of strain versus stress of PRC is calculated in detail. The present results are consistent with the results given in the existing references.

An elastic-plastic analysis of short-leg shear wall structures during earthquakes

Short-leg shear wall structures are a new form of building structure that combine the merits of both frame and shear wall structures. Its architectural features, structure bearing and engineering cost are reasonable. To analyze the elastic-plastic response of a short-leg shear wall structure during an earthquake, this study modified the multiple-vertical-rod element model of the shear wall, considered the shear lag effect and proposed a multiple-vertical-rod element coupling beam model with a new local stiffness domain. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the variational principle, the stiffness matrixes of a short-leg shear wall and a coupling beam are derived in this study. Furthermore, the bending shear correlation for the analysis of different parameters to describe the structure, such as the beam height to span ratio, short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio, and steel ratio are introduced. The results show that the height to span ratio directly affects the structural integrity; and the short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio should be limited to a range of approximately 6.0 to 7.0. The design of short-leg shear walls should be in accordance with the ＂strong wall and weak beam＂ principle.

Theoretical model and testing method for ball indentation based on the proportional superposition of energy in pure elasticity and pure plasticity

For a homogeneous,continuous,and isotropic material whose constitutive relationships meets with the Ramberg-Osgood law(R-O law),the energy in the elastoplastic indentation with a ball indenter was theoretically analyzed,and the proportional superposition of energy in pure elasticity and pure plasticity during indentation was considered based on the equivalence of energy density.Subsequently,a Proportional Superposition-based Elasto Plastic Model(PS-EPM)was developed to describe the relationships between the displacement and the load during the ball indentation.Furthermore,a new test method of Ball Indentation based on Elastoplastic Proportional Superposition(BI-EPS)was developed to obtain the constitutive relationships of R-O law materials.The load–displacement curves predicted using the PS-EPM model were found to agree closely with the Finite Element Analysis(FEA)results.Moreover,the stress vs.strain curves predicted using the BI-EPS method were in better agreement with those obtained by FEA.Additionally,ball indentation was performed on eleven types of metal materials including five types of aluminum alloys and six types of steel.The test results showed that the stress vs.strain relationships and the tensile strength values predicted using the proposed BI-EPS method agreed well with the results obtained using conventional uniaxial tensile tests.

Numerical Study of the Plastic Behaviour of a Low Alloy Steel during Phase Transformation

Phase transformations in steels play a major role on the generation of residual stresses and distortions during thermal processes such as welding and heat treatments. In this paper, we focus on the influence of phase transformations on the plastic behaviour of a low-alloy steel. It is now well known that the plastic strain rate can then be decomposed as the sum of two terms. The first one corresponds to classical plasticity while the second one is due to the evolution of the transformation and is usually referred to as corresponding to transformation induced plasticity. A theoretical approach of the problem has been achieved ([1][2][3]] and a macroscopic model has been proposed in the case of ideal-plastic phases. The theoretical approach has been assessed and completed using micromechanical numerical simulations but these were based on rather coarse 3D meshes due to limited computer capabilities in the 80’s. This paper presents new finite element micromechanical calculations using refined meshes to analyse the classical plastic behaviour and transformation induced plasticity. The results of the computations are discussed and compared with the calculations initially performed. Finally improvements of the macroscopic model are proposed.

An Earth multi-body system elasticity and plasticity dynamics model

Research on the elasticity and plasticity dynamics of the Earth multi-body system, including the Earth multi-body system stratum-block's equivalent inertia force system and generalized inertia force, the Earth multi-body system stratum-block's equivalent inertia force system expressed with partial velocity and partial palstance, and Earth multi-body system generalized inertia force expressed with partial velocity and partial palstance. This research provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation of Earth multi-body dynamics.

Study on the Constitutive Model of Marble Based on the Conventional Triaxial Compression Test

The RMB-150B rock mechanics test system was employed to obtain the complete stress-strain test curves under confining pressures of 0-30MPa for marble samples from Ya'an ,Sichuan province. On the basis of former study and the convention triaxial pressure test results ,the complete procedures curves which described the relationships between yielding strength、 peak strength、 residual strength and confining pressure was obtained. Taking the strain softening of rock into account, the bilinear elastic-linear softening-residual perfect plasticity four-linear model was put forward in this paper on the basis of the test results and theory of plasticity. This model was adopted to describe the behaviors of marble in different phases under triaxial compression with the constitutive equation of strain softening phase as focus. The results indicated that the theoretic model fitted in well with the test results.

基于统一强度理论的扰损围岩巷道脆塑性解答

钻爆法施工常造成岩质巷道扰损区围岩性能劣化。针对扰损围岩、扰损外围岩的弹塑性状态下不同的扰损围岩巷道力学模型,采用统一强度理论、弹-脆-塑性模型和非关联流动法则,建立扰损围岩巷道有关应力、位移和塑性区半径的脆塑性解答,探讨巷道力学模型的转换路径及判定方法,并将结果进行对比、验证,获得各因素的影响规律。研究表明:提出的巷道脆塑性解答合理反映了中间主应力、围岩扰损范围和峰后强度、剪胀特性的综合影响,通过参数组合变换可退化为多种解答并得到正确性验证,具有重要的理论意义和应用前景;巷道力学模型判定与中间主应力、围岩扰损范围密切相关,显著影响巷道应力-位移分布和围岩特征曲线;支护压力和巷道稳定变形随着围岩峰后强度下降、剪胀特性参数增加而明显增大。

基于修正力磁模型的混凝土结构压磁疲劳模拟

为了通过混凝土梁内钢筋在力磁效应下的磁信号来定量分析混凝土梁的疲劳状态,整合几种力磁模型的优缺点和适用范围,提出了适用于铁磁性材料弹塑性阶段的力磁本构模型,并通过ANSYS定量模拟分析了混凝土梁在弹性和弹塑性阶段的磁化特征;对混凝土结构在拟动力和疲劳加载过程中的力磁效应进行了有限元模拟,得到了测点处磁感应强度的时变曲线,并与试验和隐式微分模型所得结果进行对比。结果表明:修正后的力磁模型在弹性阶段的应用能够准确反映试验观察到的3个阶段变化规律,即梁开裂前的平直段、开裂后的迅速磁化段和加载后期的磁化饱和段;该模型的磁场模拟结果还能反映箍筋、纵筋的相对位置和梁的受载情况;在疲劳阶段,模拟结果与试验观察的规律一致,精度较高,并与试验结果在同一数量级;该修正力磁模型不仅具有应力与磁学属性的直观映射关系,而且相较于隐式微分模型更易于应用,可作为力磁效应的定量化研究工具。

上海浦东足球场整体模型分析与计算

上海浦东足球场整体结构由一层地下室结构、地上钢结构看台和大跨度钢结构屋盖三部分组成,地上看台结构采用钢框架+屈曲约束支撑体系,屋盖采用轮辐式张拉体系。屋盖和下部结构单独分析,不能体现上下结构之间的相互影响。为更可靠合理进行整体结构设计,采用了整体模型分析作为单体模型分析的重要且必要的补充。整体模型分析工作主要包括多遇地震、设防地震下的弹性分析,罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析,以及超长混凝土结构应力分析。结果表明:单体分析存在局限性,整体模型的足球场结构受力安全。

基于弹−塑性变形的含瓦斯煤体渗透率动态演化模型

煤体渗透率演化特征的研究对于合理布置煤层瓦斯抽采参数、提高瓦斯抽采产量具有十分重要意义。为研究不同煤体应力及瓦斯压力对渗透率的影响,开展了瓦斯吸附扩散与受载煤体变形实验,建立了受载煤体分段渗透率动态演化模型,结合实验测试结果对所建立模型的合理性进行验证。研究结果表明:瓦斯吸附量及煤体变形量均随气体压力增大呈Langmuir型变化规律,煤体瓦斯动扩散系数随时间变化呈指数衰减趋势;随着瓦斯压力降低,受载煤体膨胀变形量逐渐减小,渗透率逐渐增大,受载煤体渗透率及膨胀变形量均随煤体应力增大而逐渐降低,应力加载煤体渗透率整体呈现“V”形变化规律,应力峰值处煤体渗透率最小;所建立的煤体渗透率模型中,考虑了瓦斯吸附引起的基质与裂隙变形耦合作用、基质瓦斯动态扩散作用及基质与裂隙物质交换作用;利用实验结果对所建立煤体分段渗透率模型的合理性进行验证,基于弹性变形的煤体渗透率模型能够很好反映出煤体弹性变形阶段的渗透率演化特征,实验范围内,煤体渗透率实验测试与数值模拟结果绝对误差为−0.135×10^(−15)~0.296×10^(−15)m^(2),由于渗流引起的煤体体积应变绝对误差为−0.327×10^(−5)~2.026×10^(−5);考虑塑性变形的煤体渗透率模型也可以反映出煤体应力峰后渗透率变化规律,实验测试结果与数值计算结果的绝对误差为−0.435×10^(−15)~0.997×10^(−15)m^(2)。

高速气送集排器水稻种子损伤规律及发芽试验

针对高速播种(≥12 km/h)过程中,水稻种子受气送式集排器的多次压缩和冲击作用易导致种子破损影响发芽率的问题,基于损伤累积理论开展了水稻种子在单次及多次机械压缩作用下损伤规律的研究。首先,开展单次压缩试验,建立了适用于水稻种子的弹塑性模型;进一步,开展多次等位移压缩试验,确定水稻种子在多次压缩作用下产生损伤的临界形变量,并进行种子发芽率试验验证损伤临界形变量的正确性;最后,基于能量守恒定律和种子冲击损伤特性与压缩特性关联模型明确了气送式集排系统高速排种时作业参数匹配范围。水稻种子单次压缩试验结果表明:常规稻和杂交稻种子单次压缩破碎力分别为(118.4±35.6)、(113.2±39.9)N,破碎时形变量分别为(0.59±0.07)、(0.63±0.11)mm,弹塑性平均临界形变量分别为0.4、0.44 mm。水稻种子多次压缩试验及发芽率验证试验结果表明:杂交稻种子产生损伤的临界形变量为0.44 mm,当籽粒压缩形变量大于0.44 mm时,受多次循环压缩后水稻种子的发芽率下降。在气送式集排系统作业参数匹配过程中,应避免水稻种子受载后产生的形变量大于0.44 mm,经计算,搅种装置转速范围应低于125 r/min、种子在气流冲击作用下运移速度应低于8.5 m/s以减少集排器对水稻种子的损伤。本研究可为水稻高速播种时作业参数匹配提供理论依据和参数范围。

基于三剪能量屈服准则的岩石弹塑性耦合模型

为建立能够准确描述岩石变形过程中能量演化规律的力学模型,提出利用三剪能量屈服准则和弹性剪应变能获取岩石黏聚力与内摩擦角,以及基于三剪能量塑性势函数获取剪胀角的方法,依据所提方法和岩石循环加卸载试验数据,得到了各级围压下不同塑性累积阶段岩石的弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪胀角等参数,发现随着塑性变形的增大,弹性模量呈负指数关系减小,黏聚力峰前线性增大而峰后呈负指数减小,内摩擦角满足比例参数为1、形状参数为1.5的Weibull函数,剪胀角线性减小;随着围压的增大,弹性模量和黏聚力均呈线性关系增大而剪胀角呈线性减小。建立岩石三剪能量弹塑性耦合力学模型,实现了模型在有限差分软件中的二次开发并编写了能量演化监测程序。模拟岩石室内试验,结果表明所建模型能较准确地描述岩石后继屈服过程中的硬化软化、剪胀、围压效应以及能量演化等力学行为。研究成果可为从能量角度研究岩体失稳提供理论支撑和现实手段。

考虑强弱轴影响的矩形钢管网壳结构弹塑性稳定性分析

在单层网壳结构中,存在强弱轴的矩形钢管较圆钢管、方形钢管在结构受力合理性、材料性能充分利用上存在优势。首先通过一组算例对比分析了圆钢管、H型钢、方形钢管和矩形钢管四种杆件形式在网壳结构曲面内外承受双向压弯的稳定性差异,随后将矩形钢管带入装配式节点的弹簧单元有限元模型,对比刚接模型进行研究,得到了节点域、节点刚度、初始缺陷幅值、矢跨比等参数对结构稳定承载力的影响规律。结果表明,矩形钢管的稳定应力在两个方向上可以达到平衡,且在强轴方向的稳定应力要低于同截面面积的圆钢管和方形钢管的稳定应力;对于截面存在强、弱轴且在截面两个方向材料充分运用的杆件,其弱轴方向抗弯刚度的影响不可忽视。

FINITE ELEMENT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF LAND SUBSIDENCE AND GROUNDWATER EXPLOITATION BASED ON VISCO-ELASTICPLASTIC BIOT'S CONSOLIDATION THEORY

The land subsidence due to groundwater exploitation has an obvious hysteretic nature with respect to the decrease of the under groundwater level, and the uneven settlement often causes ground fissures. To study these important features, a visco-elasticplastic constitutive relationship with consideration of the coupling of seepage and soil deformation is proposed, and a finite element model with variable coefficients based on the Biot＇s consolidation theory is built. With the groundwater exploitation and the land subsidence control in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province as an example, the variations of the under groundwater level and the deve- lopment of the land subsidence due to the groundwater exploitation are simulated and ground fissures are predicted by the horizontal displacement calculation. The results show that the lag time between the land subsidence and the under groundwater level descent is about a month, and the simulated results of fissures agree well with the observed data. The model can well reveal the characterization of the interaction between the land subsidence and the groundwater exploitation.

汽轮机部件多轴蠕变-疲劳寿命评估方法

汽轮机汽缸、转子等高温部件运行中受到疲劳损伤和蠕变损伤,二者的损伤机制会互相影响,有必要对疲劳损伤和蠕变损伤以及二者的耦合作用进行评估。在Ohno-Wang循环塑性模型基础上进行了拓展,提出了一种统一黏弹塑性循环材料本构模型,在ABAQUS平台上采用UMAT用户子程序开发了多轴蠕变-疲劳耦合分析程序。采用该程序对1 000 MW超超临界机组高温转子进行了多轴蠕变-疲劳寿命评估,结果显示损伤最大的位置出现在第1级动叶叶根轮槽位置。研究成果可为汽轮机高温部件的寿命评估提供技术支撑。

利用黏-弹-塑性模型对磁流变阻尼器动力学性能预测与分析

为了建模合适的参数模型来描述阻尼器的动态输出特性,发挥磁流变阻尼器工程应用中的半主动控制优势。本文的研究在激励频率和振幅为5 Hz和10 mm条件下,利用振动系统测试磁流变阻尼器在不同激励电流下得到动态输出特性,在此基础上利用黏-弹-塑性参数模型,采用果蝇优化算法对所有电流下的实测结果进行预测并对其结果展开分析讨论。研究结果表明该阻尼器的输出力能够跟随外部位移随时间变化情况;阻尼力随激励电流增大表现出先缓慢增大后显著增大的特性,这表明该阻尼器具有依赖输入电流的可控性,为实现工程应用中的半主动控制提供条件。并讨论了产生这种现象的原因在于不同电流下颗粒于基体间的相互作用。预测结果表明利用果蝇优化算法,黏-弹-塑性参数模型能够很好的描述实测结果。

高烈度震区预制拼装连续刚构桥延性分析

本文基于纤维梁柱单元模型的基本原理,对广佛西环城际铁路4×40m预制拼装连续刚构在罕遇地震作用下进行弹塑性分析,结果表明:在10.5~22m墩高范围内,随着墩高增加,塑性转角、剪力计算值有降低的趋势;箍筋对桥墩的延性影响很大,甚至在某种程度依赖于箍筋配置的合理与否,合理的配置箍筋是一种经济有效的提高抗震性能的方式;采用《铁路工程抗震设计规范》和《城市桥梁抗震设计规范》两种方法验算了该种桥梁桥墩的抗震性能,其弹塑性分析方法和延性抗震成果为其他高烈度震区刚构桥延性抗震设计提供了参考。