Effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture analgesia in controlling intraoperative pain and hemodynamics during total thyroidectomy:A randomized controlled trial

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture in conjunction with additional medications in providing analgesia and stabilizing hemodynamic parameters during total thyroidectomy.Methods:This randomized controlled trial included 100 patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy between October 2022 and October 2023 at the Vietnam National Hospital of Acupuncture.The patients were randomized into two groups.The electroacupuncture analgesia(EA)group received EA stimulation at five acupuncture points:Hegu(LI 4),Neiguan(PC 6),Shuitu(ST 10),Quepen(ST 12),and Yifeng(SJ 17),while the control group received a bilateral superficial cervical plexus block.Primary outcomes included the level of analgesia and perioperative vital signs in both groups.Additionally,pain thresholds and serum b-endorphin levels were measured before and after electroacupuncture in the EA group.Results:Complete analgesia(Level A)was attained in 86%and 76%of the patients in the EA and control groups,respectively,with no significant difference between the two groups(P¼1.00).In the EA group,the mean pain threshold after receiving EA doubled(648.7(77.4)g/s vs.305.3(45.3)g/s,P<.001),and the mean serum b-endorphin level increased by approximately 13.5 pg/mL(P<.001).All patients remained hemodynamically stable throughout the surgery.Conclusion:EA,in conjunction with additional medications that stimulate five acupuncture points,LI 4,PC 6,ST 10,ST 12,and SJ 17,was well tolerated and effectively maintained a suitable level of analgesia and hemodynamic stability during total thyroidectomy.

Effects of injection of anti-corticotropin release hormone serum in the lateral ventricles and electroacupuncture analgesia on pain threshold in rats with adjuvant arthritis

Rat models of adjuvant arthritis were established, and anti-corticotropin release hormone serum injection in the lateral ventricles and electroacupuncture at right Jiaji （EX-B2） were performed. The pain threshold was decreased at 45 and 60 minutes after injection of the anti-corticotropin release hormone serum. Electroacupuncture at Jiaji can resist this effect. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of corticotropin release hormone in the hypothalamic paraventdcular nucleus was greater in the electroacupuncture ＋ anti-corticotropin release hormone serum group compared with the anti-corticotropin release hormone serum group. The expression of corticotropin release hormone was correlated with the pain threshold. The effect of endogenous corticotropin release hormone in pain modulation can be obstructed by anti-corticotropin release hormone serum. The analgesia of electroacupuncture can partially resist the depressed pain threshold caused by injection of anti-corticotropin release hormone serum. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is associated with the corticotropin release hormone content in the hypothalamus.

Electroacupuncture in perioperative anesthesia and analgesia management:a non-invasive adjuvant treatment

Anesthesia is mainly a kind of reversible functional inhibition of the central nervous system and(or)peripheral nervous system through drugs or other methods.In modern clinical medicine,modern anesthesiology is a comprehensive subject,which mainly includes clinical anesthesia,pain diagnosis and treatment,intensive care treatment,first aid and resuscitation,etc.Electroacupuncture is developed based on acupuncture therapy which is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine.It uses the comprehensive efficacy of acupuncture and electrical stimulation to deliver electrical energy through acupoints to achieve therapeutic effects.It has been widely used in recent years in clinical.This article summarizes the analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture and its application in different anesthesia methods,so that clinicians have a deeper understanding of the clinical application of electroacupuncture and promote its clinical application.

ADVANCES OF STUDIES ON MECHANISMS OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA

The relative reports on the effects of electroacupuncture （EA） on the nervous system and neuro- transmitters, tolerance of EA and so on in recent years are reviewed so as to reveal the analgesic mechanism of EA and provide reference for clinical researches and application of EA.

FORTY-EIGHT CASES OF ACUTE GOUTY ARTHRITIS TREATED COMPREHENSIVELY WITH ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AND WARMING MOXIBUSTION

Objective To probe into the effects on acute gouty arthritis treated comprehensively with electroacupuncture (EA) and warming moxibustion. Methods 70 cases were randomized into treatment group (48 cases), in which the EA+warming moxibustion was applied; and controlled group (22 cases), in which, colchicine was prescribed for oral administration. Results The statistical outcomes after 1 course treatment in treatment group: 28 cases were cured (58.33%), 18 cases improved (37.50%) and the total effective rate was 95.83%. In controlled group: 12 cases (54.55%) were cured, 8 cases improved (36.36%) and the total effective rate was 90.91%. The therapeutic effects of two groups were basically consistent, without significant different (P>0.05). But, concerning to side effect, there was no any toxic side effects in the group treated with EA+warming moxibustion, and the occurrence rate in the group treated with colchicine was 40.91%. Conclusion Electroacupuncture+warming moxibustion achieves good therapeutic effects without any side effects.

The cumulative analgesic effect of repeated electroacupuncture involves synaptic remodeling in the hippocampal CA3 region

In the present study, we examined the analgesic effect of repeated electroacupuncture at bilateral Zusanfi （ST36） and Yanglingquan （GB34） once a day for 14 consecutive days in a rat model of chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain. In addition, concomitant changes in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II expression and synaptic ultrastructure of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region were examined. The thermal pain threshold （paw withdrawal latency） was increased significantly in both groups at 2 weeks after electroacupuncture intervention compared with 2 days of electroacupuncture. In ovariectomized rats with chronic constriction injury, the analgesic effect was significantly reduced. Electroacupuncture for 2 weeks significantly diminished the injury-induced increase in synaptJc cleft width and thinning of the postsynaptJc density, and it significantly suppressed the down-regulation of intracellular calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II expression in the hippocampal CA3 region. Repeated electroacupuncture intervention had a cumulative analgesic effect on injury-induced neuropathic pain reactions, and it led to synaptic remodeling of hippocampal neurons and upregulated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kJnase II expression in the hippocampal CA3 region.

基于SP/NK1R/βARRS通路电针缓解神经性疼痛的实验研究

目的观察针刺对坐骨神经慢性缩窄模型(chronic constriction injury,CCI)大鼠疼痛行为及脊髓背角P物质(substance P,SP)含量和神经激肽1受体(neurokinin 1 receptor,NK1R)、β-抑制蛋白1抗体(β-arrestin 1,βARR1)蛋白水平的影响。方法将36只雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组和手针组,每组9只。暴露模型组、电针组和手针组大鼠左侧股骨中段坐骨神经并进行结扎,建立坐骨神经慢性缩窄模型;假手术组暴露坐骨神经但不结扎。造模后第8天开始,电针组和手针组分别对环跳和阳陵泉穴进行干预。测定4组大鼠造模后第0、7、13、21、29天的机械痛阈、热痛阈及后肢负重分布。采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测4组大鼠L4~L6腰膨大脊髓背角组织中SP含量;用蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测4组大鼠L4~L6腰膨大脊髓背角组织中NK1R和βARR1蛋白表达。结果造模后第7天,模型组、电针组和手针组大鼠机械痛阈和热痛阈较假手术组降低(P<0.05),两后肢负重分布差异较假手术组增加(P<0.05)。针刺干预后,造模后第13、21、29天,手针组和电针组大鼠机械痛阈和热痛阈高于模型组(P<0.05),两后肢负重分布差异小于模型组(P<0.05);造模后第29天,电针组机械痛阈和热痛阈均高于手针组(P<0.05);造模后第21天,电针组两后肢负重分布差异小于手针组(P<0.05)。针刺干预全部结束后,模型组脊髓背角组织SP含量低于假手术组(P<0.05),手针组和电针组SP含量高于模型组(P<0.05)。针刺干预全部结束后,模型组脊髓背角组织NK1R和βARR1蛋白表达高于假手术组(P<0.05),电针组和手针组NK1R和βARR1蛋白表达低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论针刺可能通过调控脊髓背角SP水平及NK1R和βARR1蛋白表达对神经病理性疼痛起到镇痛效应。

术中电针镇痛对全麻甲状腺手术患者气管插管应激反应的影响

目的 探讨术中电针镇痛对全麻甲状腺手术患者气管插管应激反应的影响。方法 选择2022年6月至2023年6月广州医科大学附属中医医院择期行静吸复合全麻甲状腺手术患者共60例,随机分为对照组(Ctr组)和电针组(EA组)。两组均采用气管插管全麻麻醉完成手术。EA组于常规全麻麻醉镇痛的基础上,在气管插管前、气管拔管前选择双侧内关、曲池、列缺穴进行电针镇痛,每次治疗15 min。观察两组患者不同时间点[插管前(T_(0)),插管后1、5、10、15、30 min(T_(1)、T_(5)、T_(10)、T_(15)、T_(30)),拔管前1 min(EXBT_(1)),拔管后1、5 min(EXAT_(1)、EXAT_(5))]的血流动力学指标(SBP、MAP、DBP、HR);记录两组患者术中使用阿片类镇痛药药物总量以及不良反应等。结果 EA组和Ctr组的SBP分别在T_(1)-T_(15)、EXAT_(1)和EXAT_(5)出现统计学差异;MAP在T_(5)-T_(15)、EXAT_(1)时出现统计学差异;DBP在T_(15)和EXAT_(1)时出现统计学差异;HR在T_(1)、T_(5)、EXAT_(1)和EXAT_(5)时出现组间统计学差异(P <0.05)。T_(1)-T_(15)期间,EA组SBP、MAP、DBP、HR呈下降趋势,且均较Ctr组低,EA组SBP、MAP、DBP波动幅度比Ctr组小,EA组HR在插管后波动幅度较Ctr组大,拔管后波动幅度更小;两组患者术中使用阿片类镇痛药药物总量差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);不良反应恶心、呕吐的发生率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),皮疹和高血压的发生率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 术中电针镇痛能有效减轻甲状腺手术患者气管插管与气管拔管引起的血管应激反应,减少阿片类药不良反应的发生。

电针联合吲哚美辛栓在经阴道超声引导下穿刺取卵术中镇痛作用的临床研究

目的观察电针合谷、内关联合吲哚美辛栓治疗对经阴道超声引导下穿刺取卵术(TUGOR)患者的辅助镇痛作用及对体外受精(IVF)结局的影响。方法64例接受TUGOR的IVF-ET患者随机分成治疗组和对照组各32例,治疗期间治疗组脱落1例。对照组予吲哚美辛栓直肠给药,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加予电针合谷、内关治疗。TUGOR术前后评估患者压痛阈值、VAS评分、疼痛等级、呼吸频率、脉搏次数;TUGOR术后评估2组患者获卵数、2个卵原核(2PN)率、胚胎利用率、优质胚胎率;术中及术后监测2组患者不良反应发生情况。结果TUGOR术后,治疗组VAS评分和疼痛等级明显低于对照组(P<0.01);2组患术后者压痛阈值均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组在术中的恶心发生率,术后48 h的腹胀、恶心发生率均优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组优质胚胎率优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论电针合谷、内关联合吲哚美辛栓可有效辅助镇痛,不同程度减轻患者TUGOR术中及术后不良反应发生率,并在提高优质胚胎率上可能具有一定优势。

电针通过调控交感-感觉耦联缓解坐骨神经分支损伤小鼠痛觉过敏

目的:观察电针(EA)干预对坐骨神经分支损伤模型(SNI)小鼠背根神经节(DRG)中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、α2A肾上腺素受体(α2A-R)的作用。方法:将雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham)、模型组(SNI)、假电针组(SNI+NC-EA)和电针组(SNI+EA)。使用机械刺激和热辐射刺激分别检测机械缩足反应阈值(PWMT)和热刺激缩足反应潜伏期(PWTL)。通过免疫荧光染色检测小鼠DRG内交感神经纤维芽生及α2A-R与大直径感觉神经元共标数量;采用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠血清及DRG中NE含量,Western Blot检测DRG内酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和α2A-R表达水平。结果:SNI后,PWMT及PWTL均显著降低,电针治疗后,PWMT及PWTL逆转升高;免疫荧光染色显示:SNI后DRG中交感芽生增生,电针治疗后,交感芽生明显减弱;SNI后,DRG内NE、α2A-R及TH均显著升高,电针干预后降低其表达,但血清中NE无明显变化。结论:在SNI模型中,电针调控交感-感觉耦联可能是通过抑制DRG中NE的释放及α2A-R的表达,从而产生镇痛效应。

PROTECTION OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON HIPPOCAMPAL INJURY INDUCED BY QUINOLINIC ACID IN RATS

Objective To probe into the protective mechanism of electro-acupuncture （EA） on anti-oxygen stress in dementia-model rats. Methods A total of 30 male SD rats of cleaning grade were randomized into three groups, named sham-operation （n = 10）, model （n = 10）, model＋ EA （n = 10）. The dementia-model rat was made with hippocampal GA1 lesions by quinolinic acid （QA）. On the second day of modeling, in model＋ EA group, EA （3 Hz, 2-4 mA, continuous waves） was applied to ＂Dàzhuī＂ （大椎 GV 14） and ＂Shènshū＂ （肾俞 BL 23） for 10 min. The capability of learning and memory was evaluated by step-down test to observe the changes of nitric oxide （NO）, nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA） of the hippocampal tissues in rats separately by biochemical methods. Results EA improved learning and memory of dementia rats with hippocampal CA1 lesions induced by QA at different degrees. It significantly increased SOD activity, reduced MDA content and improved NO level and NOS activity. Conclusion EA improves significantly the learning and memory of the dementia rats due to hippocampal CA1 lesions induced by QA, which is probably relevant with the anti-oxygen stress of EA.

电针联合硬膜外麻醉在分娩镇痛中的应用

目的:探讨分娩镇痛中应用电针联合硬膜外麻醉的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年12月洪湖市中医医院收治的100例产妇作为研究对象,以随机数表法将其分为研究组(n=50)与对照组(n=50)。对照组给予硬膜外麻醉分娩镇痛,研究组给予电针联合硬膜外麻醉分娩镇痛,比较两组产程、疼痛程度、外周血β-内啡肽(β-EP)水平、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分。结果:研究组各产程较对照组更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);宫口开2 cm、宫口开4 cm、宫口开6 cm、宫口开全,两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分较产程开始降低,研究组较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);产程开始后1 h、2 h,两组外周血β-EP水平升高,研究组较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组新生儿1 min Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组产后出血量较对照组更少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:分娩镇痛中应用电针联合硬膜外麻醉能有效缩短产程,降低疼痛程度,提高β-EP水平,减少产后出血量,且不会对新生儿造成不良影响。

豆袋热敷联合电针用于足月分娩镇痛对产妇血流动力学及应激指标影响

目的:探究豆袋热敷联合电针在初产妇单胎足月分娩镇痛中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年3月-2023年3月于本院分娩且接受电针分娩镇痛干预的单胎足月初产妇临床资料,按是否在分娩镇痛中联合豆袋热敷干预分为观察组216例(豆袋热敷联合电针镇痛)和对照组190例(单纯电针镇痛)。比较两组分娩前(T0)、第一产程(T1)、第二产程(T2)、第三产程(T3)时血流动力学状态[心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SPO2)]、镇痛指标[血清多巴胺(DA)、血清强啡肽(DYN)、皮质醇(COR)],应激程度[促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)]变化。结果:T1、T2、T3时,观察组血清DYN、MAP、SPO2水平均高于对照组,HR、COR、DA及应激指标水平均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:豆袋热敷联合电针可减轻机体应激反应,降低疼痛指标,维持血流动力学稳定有积极作用。

电针联合神经阻滞低温冲击镇痛疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果研究

观察电针联合神经阻滞低温冲击镇痛疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。随机选取2021年1月—2023年6月贵航贵阳医院收治的100例腰椎间盘突出症住院患者为研究对象,将其分为观察组和对照组两组,每组各50例。对照组行电针治疗,观察组在对照组基础上使用神经阻滞低温镇痛仪治疗,比较治疗前及治疗20天后两组患者的临床疗效、疼痛程度、腰椎活动度。结果显示,治疗前,两组JOA评分、VAS评分、腰椎活动度比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗20天后,两组JOA评分、VAS评分、腰椎活动度等指标均优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组JOA评分、VAS评分、腰椎活动度、治疗总有效率等指标均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究发现,电针联合神经阻滞低温冲击镇痛疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果显著,具有较好的应用前景和较高的推广价值。

THE EXTENSIVENESS AND SPECIFICITY OF EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT DIFFERENT ACUPOINTS ON NOCICEPTIVE RESPONSE OF CONVERGENT NEURONS IN TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS CAUDALIS

Experiments were carried out on rats anaesthetized with uraethane. The sponta-neous discharges and nociceptive responses of convergent neurons in the right trigerninal nucleus cau-dalis(TNC) to noxious stimuli at receptive field (cheek) were recorded extracellularly with glass mi-cro-electrode. Electroacupuncture (EA ) was applied at bilateral " Xiaguan" (ST 7 on face ) or "Zusanli" (ST 36 on shank) acupoint with Iow (2V) and high (18V) intensity. The noclceptive re-sponse of convergent neurons in TNC could be inhihited by low intensity EA applied at "Xiaguan" butnot "Zusanlil", showing the specificity of acupoints. High intensity EA at either "Xiaguan" or "Zusan-li" also reduced the nociceptive responses, showing the analgesic extensiveness of acupoints. We sug-gest that "the gate of control" mechanism plays a main role in low intensity EA and "diffuse noxiousinhibitory controls" (DNIC) rnechanism does so in high intensity EA.The results suggest that we should pay attention to the location of acupoints,

Correlation between the cumulative analgesic effect of electroacupuncture intervention and synaptic plasticity of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons in rats with sciatica

In the present study, a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain was established by ligation of the sciatic nerve and a model of learning and memory impairment was established by ovariectomy to investigate the analgesic effect of repeated electroacupuncture stimulation at bilateral Zusanfi （ST36） and Yanglingquan （GB34）. In addition, associated synaptic changes in neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were examined. Results indicate that the thermal pain threshold （paw withdrawal latency） was significantly increased in rats subjected to 2-week electroacupuncture intervention compared with 2-day electroacupuncture, but the analgesic effect was weakened remarkably in ovariectomized rats with chronic constrictive injury. 2-week electroacupuncture intervention substantially reversed the chronic constrictive injury-induced increase in the synaptic cleft width and thinning of the postsynaptic density. These findings indicate that repeated electroacupuncture at bilateral Zusanfi and Yanglingquan has a cumulative analgesic effect and can effectively relieve chronic neuropathic pain by remodeling the synaptic structure of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

Electroacupuncture improves neuropathic pain Adenosine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium and their receptors perhaps change simultaneously

Applying a stimulating current to acupoints through acupuncture needles–known as electroacupuncture–has the potential to produce analgesic effects in human subjects and experimental animals. When acupuncture was applied in a rat model, adenosine 5-triphosphate disodium in the extracellular space was broken down into adenosine, which in turn inhibited pain transmission by means of an adenosine A1 receptor-dependent process. Direct injection of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist enhanced the analgesic effect of acupuncture. The analgesic effect of acupuncture appears to be mediated by activation of A1 receptors located on ascending nerves. In neuropathic pain, there is upregulation of P2X purinoceptor 3 （P2X3） receptor expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Conversely, the onset of mechanical hyperalgesia was diminished and established hyperalgesia was significantly reversed when P2X3 receptor expression was downregulated. The pathways upon which electroacupuncture appear to act are interwoven with pain pathways, and electroacupuncture stimuli converge with impulses originating from painful areas. Electroacupuncture may act via purinergic A1 and P2X3 receptors simultaneously to induce an analgesic effect on neuropathic pain.

PLASMA NE CONCENTRATION AND 24 HOURS URINARY MHPG·SO_4 EXCRETION CHANGES AFTER ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT IN ENDOGENOUS DEPRESSION

We examined the changes of the plasma NE concentration and 24 hours urinaryMHPG. SO4 excretion in patients with endogenous depression after six weeks of electroacupuncture（EA） treatment. The base-line plasma NE concentration of our endogenous depressed patients wassignificantly higher than that of their age- and sex-matched healthy controls （P【0. 05）. The plasmaNE concentration and 24 hours urinary MHPG. SO4 excretion of our endogenous depressed patientswere not changed after six weeks of EA treatment. The variation of the base-line plasma NE concen-tration in depression was higher than that of in healthy controls （P【0.01） . Variation of plasma NEconcentration of depressed patients was significantly reduced after six weeks of EA treatment. Bothhase-line plasma NE concentration and 24 hours urinary MHPG. SO4 excretion was lower in EA re-sponsive patients than that in EA non-responsive patients. After six weeks of EA treatment, plasmaNE concentration was significantly raised in EA responsive patients

COMBINATION OF ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA AND EPIDURAL BLOCK IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

One hundred patients undergoing renal transplantation were randomly divided into com-bined acupuncture-epidural anesthesia group (group A, points selected: Ciliao, Sanyinjiao, Taixi to-gether with Shenyu and para-incision or Zusanli; combined with small dose of epidural block) and epidural block group (group C), each 50 patients. The initial dose and total dose of local anesthetics were 5. 6 ±0. 3 ml and 13. 5±1.0ml in group A, and 14. 5±0. 4 ml and 25. 4 ±1. 2 ml in group C,respectively. There was very significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.001 ). During the operation the hemodynaminc changes were greater in group C. Ephedrine and atropine were used in 1 and 2 cases in group A, and in 9 and 5 cases in group C, respectively. The starting time of urination of the transplanted kidney was shorter in group A than in group C, being 209±25 s and 410±47 s, re-spectively (P<0.001 ). There was no significant difference in the indices of immmunologic function between the two groups. The anesthetic results in group A were evaluated according to the initial dose of epidural anesthetics. Those were excellent in 31 cases (62 % ) and good in 13 (26% ) with the ex-cellent-good rate 88 %.

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Platelet-derived Growth Factor and the Ultrastructure of Mitochondria in Rats with Diabetic Gastroparesis

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at the pressure points Zu San Li(ST36),San Yin Jiao(SP6)and Liang Men(ST21)on platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)and the ultrastructure of mitochondria in rats with diabetic gastroparesis(DGP).Methods Sixty Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly separated into a normal control group(NC,n=10)and a modeling group(n=50).Rats in the modeling group received an injection of 2%streptozotocin(STZ)and a high-fat and highglucose diet for eight weeks to establish a DGP rat model.At the same time,blood glucose and a general symptom score were recorded every week.After modeling,30 successfully modeled rats were randomly separated into the following groups:the DGP group(n=10),the EA group(n=10)and the metoclopramide(MP)group(n=10).After three weeks of intervention,the gastrointestinal propulsive rate was measured by measuring the optical density(OD).The concentration of Ca2+was determined by fluorescence immunoassay,and levels of serum insulin(INS)and PDGF were determined by ELISA.The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed with transmission electron microscopy.Results(1)After intervention,levels of blood glucose and the general symptom score were greatly decreased in the EA group compared to the DGP group(P<0.01).Compared with the DGP group,the gastric emptying rate and the intestinal propulsive rate of the EA group was significantly improved(P<0.01),and there was no statistically significant difference between the EA and the NC groups.(2)Compared with the NC group,the levels of INS in the DGP group markedly decreased(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference of INS levels between the EA and the MP roups.(3)Compared with the DGP group,theconcentration of Ca2+in the EA and the MP groups significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05,respectively).(4)Compared with the NC group,the average OD of PDGF in the DGP group was significantly higher(P<0.01).Compared with the DGP group,levels of PDGF in the EA group increased significantly(P<0.01).(5)There were abundant mitochondria with a clear structure and complete cristae in the NC group.However,in the DGP group,mitochondria were severely swollen,partly vacuolated,and cristae were either fractured,absent,or shortened.In the EA group,mitochondria were slightly swollen,with clear cristae.Conclusions Electroacupuncture at the points Zu San Li(ST36),San Yin Jiao(SP6)and Liang Men(ST21)may improve gastric motility in DGP by up-regulating the amount of PDGF and improving the ultrastructure of mitochondria.