High-efficiency forming processes for complex thin-walled titanium alloys components: state-of-the-art and perspectives

Complex thin-walled titanium alloy components play a key role in the aircraft,aerospace and marine industries,offering the advantages of reduced weight and increased thermal resistance.The geometrical complexity,dimensional accuracy and in-service properties are essential to fulfill the high-performance standards required in new transportation systems,which brings new challenges to titanium alloy forming technologies.Traditional forming processes,such as superplastic forming or hot pressing,cannot meet all demands of modern applications due to their limited properties,low productivity and high cost.This has encouraged industry and research groups to develop novel high-efficiency forming processes.Hot gas pressure forming and hot stamping-quenching technologies have been developed for the manufacture of tubular and panel components,and are believed to be the cut-edge processes guaranteeing dimensional accuracy,microstructure and mechanical properties.This article intends to provide a critical review of high-efficiency titanium alloy forming processes,concentrating on latest investigations of controlling dimensional accuracy,microstructure and properties.The advantages and limitations of individual forming process are comprehensively analyzed,through which,future research trends of high-efficiency forming are identified including trends in process integration,processing window design,full cycle and multi-objective optimization.This review aims to provide a guide for researchers and process designers on the manufacture of thin-walled titanium alloy components whilst achieving high dimensional accuracy and satisfying performance properties with high efficiency and low cost.

IoT-enabled energy efficiency monitoring and analysis method for energy saving in sheet metal forming workshop

Sheet metal forming,as a typical energy-intensive process,consumes massive energy.Due to the significant difference between sheet metal forming and machining,manufacturers still lack an effective method to monitor and analyze the energy efficiency in the sheet metal forming workshop.To this end,an energy efficiency monitoring and analysis(EEMA)method,which is supported by Internet of Things(IoT),is proposed.The characteristics in a forming workshop are first analyzed,and then the architecture of the method is expatiated-detailedly.Energy efficiency indicators at machine level,process level,and workshop level are defined,respectively.Finally,a sheet metal forming workshop for the deformation of panels of forklift was investigated to validate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.With the application of the IoT-enabled method,various energy-saving decisions can be made by the management of the enterprises for energy efficiency improvement and energy consumption reduction(EEIECR)in the sheet metal forming workshop.

The weak form market efficiency investigation of American, European and Asian stock markets

This paper investigates the empirical validity of the Weak Form Efficient Market Hypothesis for American, European and Asian stock markets. Random Walk Hypothesis is used to prove weak form efficiency in American, European and Asian stock indices. ADF and PP Unit Root Tests have been used to test unit root in time series of daily data of American, European and Asian stock indices. Results show that sample of stock markets are weak-form efficient in terms of the Random Walk Hypothesis.

Value,Study Method and Correction of Landscape Form

Through concluding landscape form and its development process,the paper analyzed the value of landscape form and proposed that the study on landscape form should be conducted from the perspective of final cause,efficient cause and material cause.Finally,it discussed the fashion trend of modern landscape design and put forward the tendency and strategies of correction of landscape form.

Release Characteristics of Different N Forms in an Uncoated Slow/Controlled Release Compound Fertilizer

This study examined the release characteristics of different N forms in an uncoated slow/controlled-release compound fertilizer （UCRF） and the N uptake and N-use efficiency by rice plants. Water dissolution, soil leaching, and pot experiments were employed. The dynamics of N release from the UCRF could be quantitatively described by three equations： the first-order kinetics equation [N1=N0 （1-e^-kt）], Elovich equation （N1=a ＋ blnt）, and parabola equation （N1=a ＋ bt^0.5）, with the best fitting by the first-order kinetics equation for different N （r= 0.9569^＊＊-0.9999^＊＊）. The release potentials （No values estimated by the first-order kinetics equation） of different N in the UCRF decreased in the order of total N 〉 DON 〉 urea-N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 NO3^-N in water, and total N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 DON 〉 urea-N 〉 NO3^--N in soil, respectively, being in accordance with cumulative amounts of N release. The constants of N release rate （k values and b values） for different N forms were in decreasing order of total N 〉 DON 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 NO3^--N in water, whereas the k values were urea- N 〉DON 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 total N 〉 NO3^--N, and the b values were total N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 DON 〉 NO3^--N 〉 urea-N in soil. Compared with a common compound fertilizer, the N-use efficiency, N-agronomy efficiency, and N-physiological efficiency of the UCRF were increased by 11.4%, 8.32 kg kg^-1, and 5.17 kg kg^-1, respectively. The ratios of different N to total N in the UCRF showed significant correlation with N uptake by rice plants. The findings showed that the first-order kinetics equation [Nt=N0 （l-e^kt）] could be used to describe the release characteristics of different N forms in the fertilizer. The UCRF containing different N forms was more effective in facilitating N uptake by rice compared with the common compound fertilizer containing single urea-N form.

Digital high-efficiency print forming method and device for multi-material casting molds

Sand mold 3D printing technology based on the principle of droplet ejection has undergone rapid development in recent years and has elicited increasing attention from engineers and technicians.However,current sand mold 3D printing technology exhibits several problems,such as single-material printing molds,low manufacturing efficiency,and necessary post-process drying and heating for the manufacture of sand molds.This study proposes a novel high-efficiency print forming method and device for multi-material casting molds.The proposed method is specifically related to the integrated forming of two-way coating and printing and the shortflow manufacture of roller compaction and layered heating.These processes can realize the high-efficiency print forming of high-performance sand molds.Experimental results demonstrate that the efficiency of sand mold fabrication can be increased by 200%using the proposed two-way coating and printing method.The integrated forming method for layered heating and roller compaction presented in this study effectively shortens the manufacturing process for 3D-printed sand molds,increases sand mold strength by 63.8%,and reduces resin usage by approximately 30%.The manufacture of multi-material casting molds is demonstrated on typical wheeled cast-iron parts.This research provides theoretical guidance for the engineering application of sand mold 3D printing.

Organizational Form and Expense-Preference Behavior： Evidence From Islamic Banks

This paper examines the organizational forms of Islamic banks, corporate governance mechanism, and their effects on organizational behavior, specifically related to managerial expense preferences. The paper opted for an ordinary least square （OLS） cluster regression and followed by a stochastic frontier approach test as a robustness test. Findings of this study indicate that organizational forms of Islamic banks influence managerial expense preferences. A stochastic frontier approach test supports the initial findings and reveals that the average noninterest cost inefficiency of Islamic banks without Shari＇ah Boards is 23% compared to commercial banks. Islamic banks with Shari＇ah Boards are, on average, 28% less noninterest cost inefficient compared to Islamic banks without Shari＇ah Boards, and are on average, 16% less noninterest cost inefficient compared to commercial banks. Shari＇ah Supervisory Boards＇ positive implications for Islamic banks are independent of the expectations of the governing structure or ownership. Specifically when looking at Islamic banks with Shari＇ah Supervisory Boards, managerial propensity to engage in self-serving behavior is reduced. This paper fulfils an identified need to understand how the distinct nature of Islamic banks organizational forms and governance impact managerial behaviour.

地铁入口空间布局对室内空气质量的影响研究

城市地铁地处繁华地区,结构封闭,周边环境污染源较多,室内易积累污染物。本研究重点关注地铁口空间布局对室外颗粒物进入的影响,在调研中选取地铁站入口方向、顶棚形态、入口高宽比3个形态指标作为影响因子,经过实测验证CFD模型的可行性后,选择RNG k-ε模型模拟不同风速下各地铁口形态的室内污染情况。结果表明:(1)侧向比正向入口颗粒拦截率高一倍;(2)入口高宽比小于1∶1时入口宽度越大,地铁站整体空气质量越好;(3)顶棚形态对室内颗粒物的消减排列为:斜顶>平顶>无顶;(4)地铁口空间形态对不同直径的颗粒拦截效果不同。形态设计可以改善站内颗粒物进入情况,通过空气对流、回流减少室外污染物的直接灌入。

河南矿区高灰细泥煤泥水的絮凝沉降试验研究

目的随着采煤机械化程度的提高和重介质选煤工艺普及,入选浮煤泥中高灰细泥的含量逐渐增加。高灰细泥是影响煤泥水沉降效率的最直接因素,对煤泥水中的高灰细泥进行处理,直接关系着煤炭资源生产和水资源利用。针对河南矿区煤泥水具有高灰细泥的特性,方法通过设计正交试验测试不同种类的絮凝剂和搅拌速度对煤泥水的沉降率的影响及其之间的相互作用的效果,提高煤泥水沉降效率。结果结果表明:六偏磷酸钠与聚丙烯酰胺的分散性能及絮凝性能更优,搅拌速度、六偏磷酸钠用量、聚丙烯酰胺用量对高灰细泥煤泥水沉降率的影响程度依次减小,搅拌速度和聚丙烯酰胺用量之间的相互关系对沉降率影响最为显著;当六偏磷酸钠用量40.08 mg/L、聚丙烯酰胺用量5.75 mg/L、搅拌速度411.12 r/min,沉降率可达95.5%,沉降率提高的原因在于高灰细泥絮凝过程中絮团成球明显,絮凝剂的桥接作用可以使分散颗粒聚团并发展为球形,长条不规则颗粒明显减少,颗粒群粒形的改变有助于煤泥水的沉降,在一定搅拌速度下粒形保持较为规整,可增加沉降概率,使煤泥水得以有效沉降。结论通过改善煤泥水中颗粒的粒度粒形特性,可以有效提高河南矿区高灰细泥煤泥水的沉降效率。研究结果可为处理高灰细泥煤泥水提供理论支持和实践参考。

医用X射线防护材料的研究进展

介绍了医用X射线与生物系统的相互作用机理及物理防护原理,分析了具有医用X射线屏蔽能力的柔性复合材料的研究进展。探讨了铅、铋、钨等防X射线功能颗粒及聚合物基材的性能特征,总结了涂层法、溶胶-凝胶法、纺丝法等成型方法的优缺点。研究表明,现有X射线防护材料在提升防护效果和使用便捷性方面具有重要意义,但面临性能优化和成本控制方面的挑战。未来研究应聚焦新型功能颗粒的开发、复合材料结构设计的优化及环保高效屏蔽材料的探索等方面,以进一步提升医用X射线防护材料的性能,拓宽其应用前景。

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究与实践

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑设计方法是以建筑本源理论创作为基础,以绿色建筑的显性要素与隐性要素协同为出发点,以建筑师的建筑创作为视角,强化通过显性要素的绿色技术创作、地域性建构、设计节能等内容,最大限度地建构与挖掘绿色建筑本源创作基础,并基于此形成适宜的隐性要素关联匹配的绿色建筑创作新方法。讨论了一种基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究,提出绿色建筑是具备生态意义的显性要素和隐性要素的集合,剖面、平面和层间3类的通风原型是一种显性要素基础性生态装置,而合院建筑的通风则是一种复杂形体下的上述通风原型的集合呈现。以上海市某合院建筑为例,在项目实践中对其通风形式设计进行探讨,具备了实际的示范意义,为相关项目的设计提供参考。

基于主动学习Kriging模型的改进一次可靠度方法

结构可靠度分析的一次可靠度方法在每一迭代中均涉及迭代点的函数值及梯度值计算,但后续迭代过程不能充分利用前期迭代过程中迭代点的计算结果,因此计算效率有待于进一步提升。考虑到迭代后期迭代点在局部区域内波动,若以已有迭代结果为基础建立代理模型进行迭代后期迭代点的函数值及梯度值计算将有助于改善一次可靠度方法的计算效率。为此,该文在将一次可靠度方法的迭代过程分为全局搜索阶段与局部搜索阶段的基础上,针对两个阶段分别采用不同的计算策略,即全局搜索阶段沿用已有一次可靠度方法的迭代过程,在局部搜索阶段则基于全局搜索阶段的迭代结果建立Kriging模型,并引入可评估Kriging模型在迭代点处精度的学习函数,实现局部搜索阶段迭代点的高效率计算,从而提出了具有更高计算效率的改进一次可靠度方法。数值算例和工程算例的计算结果表明建议方法在保持精度不变的情况下,可显著提高一次可靠度方法的计算效率。

高功率激光水平辐照花岗岩致裂成孔特性及成孔能效评价

针对当前硬岩隧道钻爆法施工钻孔速度慢、钻头损耗大的工程难题,使用高功率激光水平辐照硬岩快速成孔替代传统PDC钻头钻孔,开展高功率激光水平辐照花岗岩成孔的可行性试验,分析高功率激光水平辐照花岗岩的致裂成孔特性;通过单轴压缩试验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)衍射试验分析激光作用前后岩石的力学性能和微观物相演变;综合对比激光射孔与PDC钻头钻孔的破岩速度和比能。研究结果表明:岩石表面在激光持续辐照后形成“类爆炸坑”,产生的熔融物在重力作用下堆积在孔底,吸收了孔底处大部分的激光能量,抑制了孔底岩石的热裂反应;岩石的纵向破坏受重力影响导致上下孔壁熔融物分布不均匀,随着激光持续辐照,岩孔中心将不断向下偏离光斑入射点;经功率为4.5 kW的激光水平辐照10 s后,岩样的单轴抗压强度从63.31 MPa降低至42.36 MPa,其原因是钠长石分解引起岩样中黑云母的质量分数增加;功率为4.5 kW激光射孔的破岩速度较PDC钻头钻孔的破岩速度提高95.03%,比能增加15.3%,证明了高功率激光水平辐照硬岩成孔的有效性。

沼液和秸秆还田对土壤氮磷淋溶的影响

通过分析沼液和秸秆还田对土壤氮磷浓度及淋溶的影响,为指导农业废弃物利用和农田面源污染防控提供理论支撑。采用田间小区试验,设置4个处理即空白对照(CK)、常规施氮(CON)、优化施氮(OPT)和秸秆+沼液还田(SMB),通过测定作物产量、土壤硝态氮残留与总磷淋溶,探讨秸秆和沼液还田后土壤氮磷浓度变化和淋溶特征。结果表明:SMB处理产量分别达到CON和OPT处理的99.6%和95.4%,氮、磷吸收量分别达到84.9%、78.4%和85.7%、82.4%,但是氮磷农学效率比CON和OPT处理提高了13%。SMB处理土壤硝态氮浓度和淋溶量分别比施氮处理降低43%和77.3%,表观淋失系数仅4.83%,硝态氮残留量仅为施氮处理的28.9%。SMB处理总磷平均淋溶量为0.045 kg/hm^(2),土壤无机磷浓度为常规施磷量80.7%,80%无机磷转化为Fe-P和Ca-P,同时SMB处理活性有机磷占比为55.8%显著高于常规施磷34.2%,说明沼液和秸秆还田提高土壤磷有效性。综上所述,沼液和秸秆还田是一种环境友好的资源化利用途径。

信息工具赋能碳市场建设的功能定位及效能保障

信息工具能够以去中心化、中介式的角色参与碳市场建设,在充分获取碳排放信息、便利市场监管、促进碳价稳定向好、畅通公众参与等方面助力碳排放权交易的平稳有序。在实际应用中,信息工具在碳市场的不同场域可能产生不同的失能形态:①数据瑕疵、数据造假、违规运维可能导致碳排放监测数据失真。②碳信息数据平台在对原始信息进行深度清洗、去噪、校核过程中可能存在安全风险。③单方性规则塑造、潜在失灵与偏见导致的算法侵害是碳排放权交易过程中非正义的重要来源。④碳信息共享过程中的数据孤岛易导致行政监管与公众参与不畅。信息工具在赋能碳市场建设过程中的现实梗阻,折射出信息工具在环境治理体系现代化建设过程中应用不畅与制度困境。在治理理念上,事中事后监管难以满足信息工具失能风险规制的需求;在制度供给上,试点先行的碳市场建设策略导致各地制度供给不尽相同,有必要完善中央立法的顶层设计。风险防范与治理、行为促进与保障的立法理念,能够克服信息工具失能的全程性、动态性,使风险制造者对行为后果产生稳定预期;央地协同的立法体系,能够突出“双碳”目标的全局性、重要性和战略性,为碳市场建设提供更为系统、有效和全面的法制供给。在制度设计上,还需要从以信息承诺提高监测数据质量、完善行政监管与企业自律相结合的平台安全管理体系、明确算法侵害的可追责性与实体责任、丰富碳信息流动与共享的路径4个方面对信息工具赋能碳市场建设的效能进行全过程制度保障。

冷喷涂增材制造技术应用研究进展

冷喷涂增材制造(CSAM)技术作为一种新兴的快速增材制造技术,凭借其独特的“气动加速-固态沉积”的工艺特性,以及增材效率高、成形尺寸规模不受限等应用优势,已逐渐成为金属增材制造领域的新热点。通过将CSAM技术与包括选区激光熔化(SLM)、选区电子束熔化(SEBM)、电弧熔丝沉积(WAAM)、激光金属直接成形(LMDF)以及搅拌摩擦增材制造(FSAM)在内的几种典型金属增材制造技术,进行了制造效率及成本、成形尺寸规模、成形精度、产品机械性能及工艺适用材料等方面的分析对比,并总结了CSAM在当下增材制造应用中的优势和不足。基于改善CSAM目前存在成形质量欠佳、复杂结构成形能力不足等问题,重点综述了近年来关于CSAM工艺研究、喷涂部件改良以及喷涂策略创新三方面的相关研究进展。此外,针对CSAM技术现阶段在旋转增材成形、自由增材成形、损伤修复及再制造等方面的具体应用情况进行总结与讨论。最后,提出了CSAM目前面临的挑战和潜在的发展方向并强调了其在快速增材制造方面的应用价值及意义。

布水器结构参数对拼装式方形蓄热水箱热分层性能影响的实验研究

本研究提出了一种用于改善拼装式方形蓄热水箱内部热分层效果的方形布水器,对比了有无布水器对蓄热水箱热分层的影响。实验研究了布水器的3种结构参数(平板尺寸、平板间距、挡板安装形式)对蓄热水箱热分层的影响。结果表明:布水器入口方式能有效改善水箱内热分层效果;平板当量直径与水箱当量直径比为0.15、平板间距与水箱高度比为0.05的布水器表现出更好的分流效果,挡板安装形式对水箱热分层的影响不大。

不同氮肥形态对李氏禾铬富集能力的影响

为了优化李氏禾(Leersia hexandra Swartz)铬修复时的施氮效率,通过盆栽试验,研究了5种氮肥形态(硝酸钙、尿素、氯化铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵)对李氏禾铬修复性能、生长指标和根系指标的影响。结果表明:与对照(不施氮肥)相比,施加的5种形态氮肥均促进了李氏禾生长,提高了根系活力,改变了根系形态特征,有利于提高李氏禾铬含量、铬累积量、富集系数和土壤铬去除率。施加硫酸铵的李氏禾生物量和根平均直径最大,分别为对照的5.54倍和1.51倍,其根系活力比对照增加108%;施加硝酸铵的李氏禾总根表面积和总根体积最大,分别为对照的2.17倍和1.99倍(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,李氏禾的生物量、根平均直径、总根表面积、总根体积和根系活力均与土壤铬修复效率有关。其中,施加硫酸铵处理的富集系数和土壤铬去除率最高,分别为对照的1.45倍和5.56倍。研究表明,施加硫酸铵比其他氮肥形态更有利于提高李氏禾铬污染土壤修复效率。

黏结剂对硫酸活化稀土尾矿SCR脱硝催化剂成型性能的影响

以硫酸活化稀土尾矿催化剂粉末为基础添加黏结剂(田菁粉、羧甲基纤维素钠和瓜尔胶)制备成型催化剂,探究黏结剂种类及添加量对成型催化剂脱硝性能的影响。通过催化活性评价、抗压强度测试、BET、XRD、H_(2)-TPR等手段对成型催化剂进行表征。结果显示:催化剂粉末挤压成型后,比表面积由3.70m^(2)/g下降至1.22m^(2)/g,脱硝效率仅56%。添加2.5%瓜尔胶增强了稀土尾矿粉末颗粒之间的黏性,使催化剂能够顺利挤出,同时具有造孔效果,使催化剂的比表面积和氧化还原能力得到大幅提升。在5%聚乙二醇和2.5%瓜尔胶的共同作用下,成型的硫酸活化稀土尾矿催化剂脱硝效率可达91.6%,并具有良好的N_(2)选择性,真正实现了稀土尾矿的资源化利用。

工业厂房屋面自承重式冷弯成型天沟的研究与应用

天沟是工业厂房屋面排水系统中重要的组成部分,具有承上启下的作用。当前工程应用中的构造较为烦琐,对制造和安装的要求较高,耐久性也难以保证。分析天沟的各种不同承载工况与相应的受力模型,针对性优化其构造措施,将为天沟标准化生产创造有利条件。经研究和实践应用对比分析,优化后的自承重式一体成型冷弯薄壁型钢天沟更加节能环保,施工制造、施工安装便捷,工程适应性强,具有显著的经济效益,应用前景良好。