Electron Transfer Reaction Between Desoxyadenosine and Triplet 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone:A Laser Photolysis Study

Introduction Electron transfer oxidation of DNA by triplet artificial photonuclease reveals a bright prospect of its application in biology and medicine. Both molecular orbital calculation and laser experiments have indicated that the homo guanine sequence should be the final localization site of photoexcited hole via long range migration within DNA. However, the direct observation of the produced ion pairs of biomolecules especially the stabilized radical cation DNA or its components is hampered by the overwhelming transient absorption of protonated radical anion of photosensitizers, such as 2-methyl-1,4-naphthaguinonel （MQ）.

Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction between Poly-guanylic Acid(5') with Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate

The electron transfer reaction between triplet anthraquinone-2-sulfonate with poly-guanylic acid (5) (poly[G]) in acetonitrile-H2O has been investigated by 248 nm laser flash photolysis. The transient absorption spectra of radical cation of poly[G] and radical anion of anthraqunione-2-sulfonate (AQS) arising from electron transfer reaction has been observed simultaneously for the first time. The formation processes of radical cation of poly[G] and radical anion of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate as well as the decay processes of triplet anthraquinone-2-sulfonate have also been observed, the apparent rate constants for the formation and decay of transient species have been determined. The free energy changes in the process of the electron transfer was also calculated.

Nonequilibrium Solvent Free Energy Curve from Molecular Theory in Electron Transfer Reaction

The microscopic moleeular theory for electron transfer in a model solvent ishahr developed. The nonlinear response of the solvent molecules is be computedquanitatively in a new way. Adopting computer simulation daa and choosingappropriate reaction coordinae, a reasonable free energy dinram is constructed and thercorganhaion energy for the product state is calculated.

THE CALCULATION OF RATE CONSTANT OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTION AT ELECTRODES

After the electron transfers from the metal electrode to the Fe3+(H2O)(6) ion, the free energy of activation of this electron transfer reaction is calculated, then using the transition probability which is calculated by the perturbed degeneration theory and the Fermi golden rule,, the rate constant is gotten. Compared with the experimental results, it is satisfactory.

CHRONOABSORPTOMETRY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS USING LONG-OPTICAL-PATH ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

A single potential step chronoabsorptometric method for the determination of ki- netic parameters of simple quasi-reversible reactions is described.It is verified by determining the kinetic parameters for the electroreduction of ferricyanide.A long-optical-path electro- chemical cell with a plug-in electrode is used.The thickness of solution layer is 0.55 mm

Theoretical Study on the NO_2+NO_2^- Electron Transfer Reaction

The NO_2 + NO_2^- electron transfer reaction was studied with DFT-B3LYPmethod at 6-311 + G~* basis set level for the eight selected structures: four species favor thestructure of 'head to head'. The geometry of transition state was obtained by the linear coordinatemethod. Three parameters, non-adiabatic activation energy (E_(ad)), coupling matrix element (H_(if))and reorganization energy (λ) for electron transfer reaction can be calculated. According to thereorganization energy of the ET reaction, the values obtained from George-Griffith-Marcus (GGM)method (the contribution only from diagonal elements of force constant matrix) are larger than thoseobtained from Hessian matrix method (including the contribution from both diagonal and off-diagonalelements), which suggests that the coupling interactions between different vibrational modes areimportant to the inner-sphere reorganization energy for the ET reactions in gaseous phase. The valueof rate constant was obtained by using above three activation parameters.

Kinetic studies on the single electron transfer reaction between 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine oxoammonium ions and phenothiazines: the application of Marcus theory

Electron transfer reactions take place readily between 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine oxoammonium ions (la,lb) and phenothiazines (2a—2g), giving corresponding nitroxides (3a,3b) and phenothiazine radical cations (4a—4g). The rate constants for the electron self-exchange reactions between1 and3, as well as between2 and4, are determined by EPR and1HNMR line-broadening effect in acetonitrile. By application of the Marcus theory, the kinetics of the cross exchange reactions between1 and2 is studied.

DFT Calculations for Electron Transfer Bond-breakingReaction of CH_3-X

DFT/6-311 + g** level calculations are performed tp study the electron transfer bond-breaking reaction of CH3-X. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental results or the empirical model. Through analyzing the change of the energy and the charge densilty along hte reaction path, the bond-breaking in ET reaction for CH3X is investigated.

Incoherent Oscillations Accompanying Charge Separation in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers

Early events of charge separation in reaction centers (RCs) of bacterial photosynthesis are modeled by kinetic equations with time-dependent rate constants. An illustrative case of regular motion along a “slow” coordinates leading to oscillations in the kinetics is examined. Different schemes of charge separation are investigated. A good fitting of experimental kinetics of native Rba. sphaeroides RCs is achieved in the five states model P*1BAHA↔P*2BAHA↔I↔P+HA↔P+BA with two excited states BAHA and BAHA and three charge separated states I, P+HA and P+BA (P is a primary electron donor, bacteriochlorophyll dimer, BA and HA are an electron acceptor, monomeric bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin in active A-branch, respectively). In the model only the first excited state is directly populated by optical excitation. The emission of the two excited states is assumed to be at 905 and 940 nm, respectively. The intermediate state I is assumed to absorb at 1020 nm as well as the P+HA state. The model explains the deep oscillations in the kinetics of the stimulated emission and of the absorption. In the simpler schemes without the I state or with only one excited state the accordance with the experiment is achieved at unreal parameter values. A possible nature of the I and BAHA states and a possible incoherent nature of the oscillations are discussed.

Pinacol Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Active Zinc

Pinacol coupling reactions catalyzed by active zinc revealed high activity and extensive suitability. The efficiency of the reaction was improved apparently owing to decreasing reductive potential of zinc. In addition, the results indicated that the zinc activity has a direct relation to the coupling reactivity compared to untreated zinc or other general active zinc.

芳香碱金属试剂的结构、性质及其应用

芳香碱金属试剂的制备是通过碱金属与芳香化合物在非质子溶剂中自发反应得到,在该反应中碱金属将电子转移给芳香化合物,形成自由基负离子。使用不同的芳香化合物,碱金属以及非质子溶剂得到的芳香碱金属试剂的性质也存在差异。目前该类试剂已经被广泛应用于高分子阴离子聚合、电极材料化学预锂化以及二维材料离子插层剥离等领域。基于芳香碱金属化合物广泛的应用前景,以及其在国内外多数基础化学教材中非常有限的介绍,本文结合文献和最新研究成果,重点介绍了该类试剂的结构、性质和应用研究进展,拓展了芳香碱金属试剂在教学中的深入介绍,有助于开阔学生的前沿科学视野,提升学生的科学素养,进一步体现科学研究对本科教学内容改革的推进作用。

调控双钙钛矿中高熵组分促进高温析氧反应

固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)中阳极析氧反应动力学较为迟缓,限制了SOEC器件电催化转化能力,因此针对阳极材料的改性研究对于进一步提升SOEC电化学性能十分关键。高熵钙钛矿(HEP)在许多反应中表现出良好的催化活性,但在SOEC中的应用鲜有研究。本文通过在双钙钛矿的A位或A'位分别掺杂不同的稀土金属、碱土金属或碱金属离子,合成了(Pr_(0.2)La_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Gd_(0.2))BaCo_(2)O_(6-δ)(A-HEP)和Pr(Ba_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Ca_(0.2)Na_(0.2)K_(0.2))Co_(2)O_(6-δ)(A'-HEP)两种高熵钙钛矿材料。由于掺杂离子平均半径和氧化态的差异,A-HEP保持四方双钙钛矿相结构而A'-HEP则转变为正交单钙钛矿相。物理化学表征结果表明,A-HEP中Co平均价态更高,Co 2p-O 1s杂化更强,从而增加了电子转移路径并降低了转移能垒。同时,A-HEP中表面氧空位浓度更高,可为阳极析氧反应提供更多的活性位点。因此,在具有A-HEP阳极的SOEC中,与氧输运、电子传输和表界面反应过程相关的阳极极化电阻显著降低,并在800℃下实现最高1.76 A·cm^(-2)的电流密度和200 h的稳定性。本工作为高熵钙钛矿材料在SOEC阳极中的应用提供了新的策略。

化工过程中的电子传递、质子传递和分子传递

随着“绿色化学”和“可持续发展”概念以及“碳达峰、碳中和”(双碳)目标的相继提出与推进,化学工业逐步进入绿色化、高端化、智能化发展新阶段。对于包含反应的化工过程有非常经典的“三传一反”理论,以反应动力学为核心,以动量传递、热量传递与质量传递为基础,揭示了物质、能量传递与化学反应的协同强化规律,对化工领域的发展具有重要和深远意义。近年来,由于光能、电能等清洁能源以及绿色生物制造、光电化学工程等新学科引入化工反应过程中,以电子传递、质子传递和分子传递为代表的三类传递现象得到了广泛关注和大量研究,为“三传一反”理论注入了新的活力。在此背景下,尝试将电子传递、质子传递和分子传递三类现象进行分析和介绍,针对不同化学反应的特点,初步总结了通过电子传递、质子传递和分子传递过程的单独或协同强化,以实现传递过程与化学反应过程的高度匹配,进而实现化学反应效率的显著提升。

Bidirectional Electron Transfer in the Reaction Centre of Photosystem I

In the past decade light-induced electron transfer reactions in photosystem I have been the subject of intensive investigations that have led to the elucidation of some unique characteristics, the most striking of which is the existence of two parallel, functional, redox active cofactors chains. This process is generally referred to as bidirectional electron transfer. Here we present a review of the principal evidences that have led to the uncovering of bidirectionality in the reaction centre of photosystem I. A special focus is dedicated to the results obtained combining time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, either difference absorption or electron paramagnetic resonance, with molecular genetics, which allows, through modification of the binding of redox active cofactors with the reaction centre subunits, an effect on their physical-chemical properties.

量子科学视角下光能、物质运动与电离势能本质探析

借助多种学科知识,深入理解生命现象中的微观过程,可以为未来科学探索提供新的思路和方法。基于此,本文综述光的相干性、电离过程以及生物体中的光能释放,并将量子科学的概念应用于生物学研究。通过葡萄糖的氧化反应,描绘了动物体内光能释放的化学过程,阐述了量子生物学的基本假设,包括宇宙的不连续性、波函数与粒子动力学、不确定性以及量子活动与相对论的关系,以此揭示生命过程中电子的量子跃迁和化合物在生物体中的排列方式。

Electron-transfer reactions between alkali metal and C_(60) mediated by 1-methylnaphthalene

Alkali metal fullerides (AnC60) are versatile reagents in synthetic chemistry ofbuckminsterfullerene, for example, controlled chemical functionalizations of buckminster-fullerene might be achieved by using precursors C60n-M in a desired oxidation state.Vapor-transport technique was widely used to investigate the electron-transfer reactionsbetween C60 and alkali metal. This method, however, required higher temperature condi-tions （200—400℃） and a longer period of reaction time （10—15 d）. Direct reactions of C60

PHOTO-INDUCED INTERMOLECULAR AND INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS BETWEEN XANTHENE DYES AND DONORS/ACCEPTORS

A number of electron donors, acceptors and diads containing xanthene dyes were sythesized. When the dyes were excited, the rate constants and the efficiencies of the intermolecular and intramolecular photo-induced electron transfer reactions were determined and calculated. It is found that the photo-induced electron transfer reactions occurred between xanthene dyes and many, including very weak donors or acceptors. The rate constants of intermolecular reactions were controlled by diffusion, and influenced by the reactant concentrations. The laser flash experiments showed that for low reactant concentrations, this kind of reactions took place mainly via the triplet excited state of the dyes. If different electric charges exist with dyes and donors/acceptors, there will be static quenching of the dyes’ fluorescence. The intramolecular electron transfer reactions are independent of the solution concentrations, and they may directly proceed via the singlet excited state of the dyes effectively.

Conformational changes of active site of copper zinc superoxide dismutase can be detected sensitively by electron-transfer reaction

The electron-transfer (ET) reaction between Fe(CN)64- and copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) occurs at the active site of the enzyme. The ET parameters which are sensitive to the denaturation have been used to determine the conformational changes of the active site induced by guanidine hydrochloride and thermal denaturation. The decreases of ET rates for all the denatured enzyme samples reflect the collapse of the active cavity of enzyme in the unfolding processes. The interesting changes of ET amplitude for the enzyme denatured at different pH values suggest that electrostatic interaction plays an important role in the conformational changes of active site. From the results of the kinetic analyses, it is concluded that the conformational changes of the active site are parallel with the inactivation.

Theoretical Study on the Kinetics of Electron Transfer for Bond-breaking Reaction

To test the theory of dissociative electron transfer, a simple model describing the kinetics of electron transfer bond breaking reactions was used. The Hamiltonian of the system was given. The homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetic data fit reasonably well with an activation driving force relationship derived from the Marcus quadratic theory. In the heterogeneous case, there is a good agreement between the theoretical calculation and the experimental result, while in the homogeneous case, a good agreement is only observed for the tertiary halides. This is due to the stability of tertiary radical resulting from the sterical effect.