On the Possibility of an Isochoric Phase Transition in an Electrostatic Field

In the present paper that considers the possibility for modification of equation of state for a non-polar gas in a closed thermally-insulated capacitor and, consequently, the possibility for changing the temperature and pressure under electrostatic field. This can be classified as a new type of phase transitions.

Effect of High Voltage Electrostatic Fields on Post-Harvest Quality of Strawberry Fruit

The paper studied the effect of high-voltage electrostatic fields on the postharvest quality of strawberries. The results showed that the respiration rate decreased significantly, the content of soluble solids kept at high level, and the activities of polygalacturonase and cx-cellulase decreased, while the fruit firmness declined slowly. On the seventh day of storage, the rotten rate of strawberries treated by HVEF was 5%, the control group was 15%.

Effect of an electrostatic field on gas adsorption and diffusion in tectonic coal

The characteristics of adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of gas in tectonic coal are important for the prediction of coal and gas outbursts. Three types of coal samples, of which both metamorphic grade and degree of damage is different, were selected from Tongchun, Qilin, and Pingdingshan mines. Using a series of experiments in an electrostatic field, we analyzed the characteristics of gas adsorption and diffusion in tectonic coal. We found that gas adsorption in coal conforms to the Langmuir equation in an electrostatic field. Both the depth of the adsorption potential well and the coal molecular electroneg- ativity increases under the action of an electrostatic field. A Joule heating effect was caused by changing the coal-gas system conductivity in an electrostatic field. The quantity of gas adsorbed and AP result from competition between the depth of the adsorption potential well, the coal molecular electronegativ- ity, and the Joule heating effect. △P peaks when the three factors control behavior equally. Compared with anthracite, the impact of the electrostatic field on the gas diffusion capacity of middle and high rank coals is greater. Compared with the original coal, the gas adsorption quantity,△P, and the gas diffusion capacity of tectonic coal are greater in an electrostatic field. In addition, the smaller the particle size of tectonic coal, the larger the△P.

Electrostatic Field Enhanced Photocatalytic CO_(2) Conversion on BiVO_(4) Nanowires

The recombination loss of photo-carriers in photocatalytic systems fatally determines the energy conversion efficiency of photocatalysts.In this work,an electrostatic field was used to inhibit the recombination of photo-carriers in photocatalysts by separating photo-holes and photo-electrons in space.As a model structure,(010)facet-exposed BiVO_(4)nanowires were grown on PDMS-insulated piezo-substrate of piezoelectric transducer(PZT).The PZT substrate will generate an electrostatic field under a certain stress,and the photocatalytic behavior of BiVO_(4) nanowires is influenced by the electrostatic field.Our results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the BiVO_(4) nanowires in CO_(2)reduction in the negative electrostatic field is enhanced to 5.5-fold of that without electrostatic field.Moreover,the concentration of methane in the products was raised from 29% to 64%.The enhanced CO_(2) reduction efficiency is mainly attributed to the inhibited recombination loss of photo-carriers in the BiVO_(4) nanowires.The increased energy of photo-carriers and the enhanced surface absorption to polar molecules,which are CO in this case,were also play important roles in improving the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst and product selectivity.This work proposed an effective strategy to improve photo-carriers separation/transfer dynamics in the photocatalytic systems,which will also be a favorable reference for photovoltaic and photodetecting devices.

Effect of electrostatic field on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorbus pohuashanesis

A study was conducted to determine the effects of electrostatic field （ESF） treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorbus pohuashanesis. The experiments were arranged by uniform design computed by the Data Processing System （DPS）, including three levels of seeds soaking time, four levels of ESF intensity and four levels of ESF treatment time, with 12 treatments. Ten seeds were used in each treatment with three replicates. Seed vigor, seed germinating ability, emergence rate of seedling, survival rate of seedling, and seedling height and diameter, as well as the change in activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, soluble protein contents, total chlorophyll contents, soluble total sugar contents in leaves of S. pohuashanensis seedlings were measured after ESF treatments. The experiment results show that ESF treatment could improve the water absorption ability of dry seeds of S. pohuashanensis, resulting in fast germination at room temperature under light conditions. Combined treatment of ESF with cold stratification could increase seed germination percentage significantly （to 42.20%）, promote seedling height growth, affect leaf SOD activity, and could raise contents of total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and total soluble sugar in leaves. Seed soaking time had a significant effect on seed relative electroconductivity, seed germination under light, SOD activity, soluble protein content and total soluble sugar content of seedling leaves. ESF intensity exerted a moderate effect on these indexes. ESF treatment time only had significant effect on total chlorophyll contents, no evident effect on other indexes.

Process simulation and optimization of flow field in wet electrostatic precipitator

To improve the dust removal performance of the wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP), a flow field optimization scheme was proposed via CFD simulation in different scales. The simplified models of perforated and collection plates were determined firstly. Then the model parameters for the resistance of perforated and collection plates, obtained by small-scale flow simulation, were validated by medium-scale experiments. Through the comparison of the resistance and velocity distribution between simulation results and experimental data, the simplified model is proved to present the resistance characteristics of perforated and collection plates accurately. Numerical results show that after optimization, both the flow rate and the pressure drop in the upper room of electric field regions are basically equivalent to those of the lower room, and the velocity distribution in flue inlet of WESP becomes more uniform. Through the application in practice, the effectiveness and reliability of the optimization scheme are proved, which can provide valuable reference for further optimization of WESP.

High-stability electrostatic field micro sensor for sounding thunderstorm applications

In this paper,the design and experimental results for a novel high-stability sounding electrostatic field micro sensor are presented.By means of hermetic chip sealing,digital weak signal demodulation unit,and probe sensor structure design,harsh environmental adaptation problems such as low temperature,high humidity,low air pressure,waterfall are solved.The sensor has a high resolution of 14 V/m,a wide measurement range of±100 kV/m,and is proved to have superior stability and performance in sounding electric field experiments than traditional sensors under different kinds of weather.

AN INVERSE DESIGN OF ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING FIELD FOR ELECTROSTATIC AND MAGNETIC IMAGING

An inverse design of electrostatic focusing field for electrostatic and magneticimaging is investigated.Using the potential superimposition theorem of electrostatic field inmulti-electrode system,a mathematical model has been developed and an optimization methodhas been introduced into computation for designing the electrostatic focusing field of the imagingsystem.

Solute atom migration in GH4169 superalloy under electrostatic fields

Electric field treatment （EFT） was applied on GH4169 alloy during aging at 500-800℃ to investigate the microstructure and property variation of the alloy under the action of EFT. The results demonstrate that the shortdistance diffusion of Al, Ti, and Nb atoms can be accelerated by EFT, which results in the coarsening of γ′and γ＂ phases. Meanwhile, lattice distortion can be caused by the segregation of Fe and Cr atoms, owing to the vacancy flows migrating toward the charged surfaces of the alloy. Therefore, the alloy is hardened by the application of EFT, even if the strength of the alloy is partly reduced, which is caused by precipitation coarsening.

Mechanism Research on PM2.5 Charging, Precipitation in High Electrostatic Field

In this project, some charged characteristics, and analysis of precipitated PM2.5 in high electrostatic field were calculated based on theories and experiments. The connection between the charge amount and the additional electric field intensity caused by the wet flexible collectors was studied to reveal the mechanism of charging enhancement of PM2.5 on flexible collectors. Some explanation about the wet ability of collectors and the current density enhancing the precipitation process was proposed in this project. Simultaneously, the results shows that both gas treatment time and applied voltage have an important influence on particle collection, and the minor factor was initial concentration.

Weak Electrostatic Field Orientation of Cold KRb Molecules Enhanced by a Shaped Laser Pulse

We theoretically investigate the orientation of the cold KRb molecules in a weak electrostatic field assisted by a shaped laser pulse.The results show that the slow turn-on and rapid turn-off laser pulse can enhance the molecular orientation of KRb significantly,and a high degree of molecular orientation of more than 0.9 can be obtained when the electrostatic field is as low as 3 kV/cm.In addition,the influences of the electrostatic field strength and the parameters of the laser pulse are studied in detail.

Ion Acceleration by an Electrostatic Field in the Interaction Between Femtosecond Laser Pulses and Solid Targets

We have studied the ion emission in the interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and solid targets by experiments and particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations.We found experimentally that almost all of the fast ions are confined within a cone symmetrically around the normal direction of targets.The PIC simulation results demonstrate that the fast ion beam can be accelerated by the laser-induced electrostatic field in front of solid targets.

Movement of dispersed droplets of W/O emulsion in a uniform DC electrostatic field: Simulation on droplet coalescence

Considering the droplet coalescence, the motion of a group of dispersed droplets in W/O emulsion in a DC electric field is simulated. The simulation demonstrates the evolutions of droplet number, size as well as its distribution,local concentration distribution and droplet size-velocity relation with the applied time of electric field. The simulated average droplet size is roughly consistent with the experimental value. The simulated variation of droplet number with time under several applied voltages shows that increasing voltage is more effective for raising the rate of droplet coalescence than extending exerting time. However, with the further raise of applied voltage, the improvement in droplet coalescence rate becomes less significant. The evolution of simulated droplet size–velocity relationship with time shows that the inter-droplet electric repulsion force is very strong due to larger electric charge on the droplet under higher applied voltage, so that the magnitude and the direction of droplet velocity become more random, which looks helpful to droplet coalescence.

Orientation of KRb molecules in a switched electrostatic field

We theoretically investigate the orientation of the cold KRb molecules induced in a switched electrostatic field by numerically solving the full time-dependent Schr6dinger equation. The results show that the periodic field-free molecular orientation can be realized for the KRb molecules by rapidly switching off the electrostatic field. Meanwhile, by varying the switching times of the electrostatic field, the adiabatic and nonadiabatic interactions of the molecules with the applied field can be realized. Moreover, the influences of the electrostatic field strength and the rotational temperature to the degree of the molecular orientation are studied. The investigations show that increasing the electrostatic field will increase the degree of the molecular orientation, both in the constant-field regime and in the field-free regime, while the increasing of the rotational temperature of the cold molecules will greatly decrease the degree of the molecular orientation.

Body area communication based on quasi-electrostatic field and spread spectrum

Based on the electrical model of body area communication, the change tendency of chan nel gain in 100 kHz 10 MHz band was experimentally analyzed and verified. Results show that chan nel gain was flat and signal attenuation was approximately 43 dB in 1 MHz 10 MHz band. The char acteristics of the channel were taken into account in the design of body area spread spectrum com munication and its multiuser receiver issue. BER Eb/No curves of single user and multiuser were de rived by simulation. The characteristics of body area commutation channel were studied and the fea sibility of introducing spread spectrum theory to body area communication was verified.

The Phase Transition of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Induced by Electrostatic Field

The crystal structure and morphology of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) melt crystallized in various electrostatic fields have been investigated by using wide angle X ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). WAXD and DSC analyses show that sPS is gradually transformed from α phase to β phase with increase of electrostatic intensity. The SEM observations indicate that the morphology of sPS micro crystals is strongly dependent on electrostatic intensity applied to the sample during solidification. The variation of the micro crystals orientation from disordered lamellae to ordered lamellare have been observed with increase of electrostatic intensity.

Effects of Different Parameters of Electrostatic Field on Removal of Ethylene in Fruit and Vegetable Storage Environment

[Objectives]The effects of different parameters of electrostatic field on the removal of ethylene from fruit and vegetable storage environment were studied. [Methods]The high voltage electrostatic field technology was used to simulate the removal of ethylene from fruit and vegetable storages, and its influencing factors were tested and analyzed. [Results] The removal effect of needle-plate electrodes was better than that of needle electrodes. The removal effect of ethylene at high voltage was better than that at low voltage. The length of gas chamber was positively correlated with the time required for ethylene removal. Increasing the voltage could produce more ozone, thus improving the removal effect of ethylene. [Conclusions] This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the use of high-voltage electrostatic field to remove ethylene in controlled atmosphere storages.

Electrostatic Modes of Dusty Plasmas in a Uniform Magnetic Field

Electrostatic dusty plasma waves in a uniform magnetic field are studied. Unless the magnetic field is extremely strong, the dust particles can hardly be magnetized, while however, electrons and ions are easily done so. Electrostatic modes in such dusty plasmas can then be investigated by making use of the 'moderately magnetized' assumption of magnetized electrons and ions, and unmagnetized dust particles. In a high frequency range, due to the existence of dust component, both frequencies of Lang- muir waves (parallel to the magnetic field) and upper hybrid waves (perpendicular to the field) are reduced. In the frequency range of ion waves, besides the effect on dust-ion-acoustic waves propagating parallel to the magnetic field, the frequency of ion cyclotron waves perpendicular to the magnetic field is also enhanced. In a very low dust frequency range, we find an 'ion-cyclotron- dust-acoustic' mode propagating across the field line with a frequency even slower than dust acoustic waves.

Calculation of the Duration of the Atomic Tunneling Ionization in a Strong Electrostatic Field by Using Bohmian Trajectories Approach

The duration of a bound electron tunneling through the barrier formed by atomic potential and electrostatic field is calculated by the Bohmian trajectories scheme. The time of the tunneling ionization decreases with the increase of the amplitude of the electrostatic field. By using the information about the position, velocity and force of the Bohmian trajectories, the dynamical process of tunneling through the barrier is investigated.

A Unified Definition of Electrostatic and Magnetic Fields

This article originates from the observation that field lines are drawn using distinctive rules in magnetic field and electrostatic fields. It aims at reconciliating the definitions of these fields and thus reaching a consensus on the interpretation of field lines. Our unified field definition combines three orthogonal vectors and a unique scalar value. Field lines are then defined as isovalue lines of the scalar value, rendering it simpler to interpret in both field types. Specific to our field definition is the use of square root of vector’s cross product so that all vectors have the same physical unit. This enhanced field definition also enables a more efficient calculation of Biot-Savart law. This article is the first of a series allowing the drawing of isovalue contour lines.