BEHAVIORS OF ACCESSORY ELEMENTS IN COPPER PYROMETALLURGY

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THE EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ON THE SOLIDIFICATION BEHAVIOR OF Al-Mg ALLOYS

The effect of rare earth element on the solidification behavior of Al-Mg alloy was investigated in a directional solidification apparatus.It was found that during the solidification process.the rare earth element segregated in the liquid at sold-liquid interface,changed the solidification morphology and reduced the secondary arm spacing markedly.

Electrochemical behaviors of gold and its associated elements in various complex agent solutions

Thermodynamic properties and electrochemical behaviors of gold and its associated elements, such as silver, copper, nickel and iron, in various complex agent solutions were studied. Within CS（NH2）2, S2O2-3 and SCN- systems, alkaline thiourea is the optimal nontoxic lixiviating agent substituting cyanide from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. The electrochemical study indicates that the anodic dissolution current densities of gold are 2.616, （1.805,） 1.267, 1.088, 0.556, and 0.145 mA·cm-2 respectively in the solutions of cyanide, alkaline thiourea containing Na2SiO3, SCN-, acidic thiourea, alkaline thiourea and thiosulfate at the potential of 0.500 V. Comparing various lixiviating agents, the alkaline thiourea solution containing Na2SiO3 is of prominent selectivity in leaching gold, in the potential range from 0.500 to 0.600 V, which is most efficient for leaching gold selectively instead of cyanide. The effect on leaching gold is similar to that in the cyanide system.

Geochemical Behavior of Trace- and Rare-Earth Elements in the Hydrothermal Alteration Facies of the Cijulang Area, West Java, Indonesia

This study examines the behavior of trace- and rare-earth elements (REE) in different hydrothermal alteration facies (silicic, advanced argillic and argillic) of Cijulang high-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit, West Java, Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that remarkable differences in the behavior of trace elements and REE are observed in the studied alteration facies. All REE in the silicic facies are strongly depleted. In advanced argillic facies, Heavy rare-earth elements (HREE) are strongly depleted whereas light rare earth elements (LREE) are quite enriched. REE concentrations in the argillic facies show little or no variation with respect to fresh rock counterparts. A strong depletion of REE in the silicic facies is likely to be favored by the highly acidic nature of the hydrothermal fluids, the abundance of complexing ions such as Cl ˉ, F ˉ, and in the hydrothermal solutions and the absence of the secondary minerals that can fix the REE in their crystal structures. An apparent immobility of LREE in advanced argillic facies is possibly due to the presence of alunite. The immobility of REE in the argillic facies suggests the higher pH of the fluids, the lower water/rock ratios and the presence of the phyllosilicates minerals. -

Simulation-based Estimation of Thermal Behavior of Direct Feed Drive Mechanism with Updated Finite Element Model

Linear motors generate high heat and cause significant deformation in high speed direct feed drive mechanisms.It is relevant to estimate their deformation behavior to improve their application in precision machine tools.This paper describes a method to estimate its thermal deformation based on updated finite element（FE）model methods.Firstly,a FE model is established for a linear motor drive test rig that includes the correlation between temperature rise and its resulting deformation.The relationship between the input and output variables of the FE model is identified with a modified multivariate input/output least square support vector regression machine.Additionally,the temperature rise and displacements at some critical points on the mechanism are obtained experimentally by a system of thermocouples and an interferometer.The FE model is updated through intelligent comparison between the experimentally measured values and the results from the regression machine.The experiments for testing thermal behavior along with the updated FE model simulations is conducted on the test rig in reciprocating cycle drive conditions.The results show that the intelligently updated FE model can be implemented to analyze the temperature variation distribution of the mechanism and to estimate its thermal behavior.The accuracy of the thermal behavior estimation with the optimally updated method can be more than double that of the initial theoretical FE model.This paper provides a simulation method that is effective to estimate the thermal behavior of the direct feed drive mechanism with high accuracy.

Analysis of Thermal Behavior of High Frequency Transformers Using Finite Element Method

High frequency transformer is used in many applications among the Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS), high voltage pulse power and etc can be mentioned. Regarding that the core of these transformers is often the ferrite core;their functions partly depend on this core characteristic. One of the characteristics of the ferrite core is thermal behavior that should be paid attention to because it affects the transformer function and causes heat generation. In this paper, a typical high frequency transformer with ferrite core is designed and simulated in ANSYS software. Temperature rise due to winding current (Joule-heat) is considered as heat generation source for thermal behavior analysis of the transformer. In this simulation, the temperature rise and heat distribution are studied and the effects of parameters such as flux density, winding loss value, using a fan to cool the winding and core and thermal conductivity are investigated.

橄榄石微量元素:分析、地球化学行为与地球科学应用

橄榄石化学成分记录了幔源岩浆性质、结晶演化、喷发速率等重要信息。近十年来,橄榄石微量元素分析技术飞速进步,积累了丰富的数据。本文系统综述了电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法在橄榄石微量元素分析领域的最新研究进展,总结了橄榄石中微量元素的分配系数与扩散系数等地球化学行为,分析了全球不同岩石单元的橄榄石微量元素特征,重点介绍了岩浆铜镍矿床中橄榄石微量元素的研究进展。实验岩石学表明,控制元素在橄榄石中分配系数的主要因素有温度、压力、岩浆成分等,且不同微量元素行为的主控因素各不相同。在确定的温压条件下,橄榄石中多数元素的配分可由晶格应变模型预测,而Ni、Co和轻稀土元素主要受晶体场效应和结晶动力学控制。橄榄石中元素的扩散速率由快到慢依次为:H和Li(快)→Fe-Mg-Ni(中等)→Ca(较慢)→P-O-Si(慢)。对比全球不同岩石单元中橄榄石微量元素得出:(1)火山岩系列的科马提岩-苦橄岩-玄武岩中橄榄石的Fo值和Ni、Cr、Al、Mn等元素呈演化趋势,但在二元相关性图中不同岩石类型间存在较大重叠区域,机器学习等多维分析手段可大大提升分类准确率;(2)地幔橄榄岩与侵入岩系列(地壳堆晶岩)中的橄榄石微量元素特征相近,难以使用单元素指标区分,例如常用的Ca亏损;(3)碳酸岩中橄榄石的Ni、Mn含量有别于其他岩石,可能与其来源和元素在橄榄石-碳酸岩熔体中特殊的分配行为有关;(4)石榴子石地幔橄榄岩与尖晶石地幔橄榄岩的橄榄石微量元素存在一定差异,橄榄石V/Sc比值和Fe-Mg-Mn-Ca-Ni含量是判别地幔橄榄岩类型和来源深度的重要变量。岩浆铜镍矿床橄榄石微量元素的研究进展有:(1)堆晶-后堆晶阶段再平衡作用驱使Ca-Cr-Al元素向其他矿物迁移,使橄榄石普遍亏损上述元素;(2)橄榄石Ni-Co变化可记录其与硫化物的元素交换反应,Ni-Co正相关可用于指示岩体深边部的找矿潜力;(3)与硫化物共生橄榄石的Ni富集(>5000×10^(-6))或亏损(<500×10^(-6))可能与较高或较低氧逸度有关。未来橄榄石重点研究与突破方向有:堆晶-后堆晶阶段元素行为、多元素-多矿物扩散联合限定岩浆时空演化、机器学习判别橄榄石成因类型与镁铁-超镁铁岩体含矿性、挥发份与新兴非传统金属稳定同位素等。

A method for 3D simulation of internal gas effects on thermal-mechanical behaviors in nuclear fuel elements

A new method for three-dimensional simulation of the interaction between the gas and the solid around is developed.The effects of the gas on the thermal-mechanical behaviors within the surrounded solid are performed by replacing the internal gas with an equivalent solid in the modeling,which can make it convenient to simulate the thermal-mechanical coupling effects in the solid research objects with gases in them.The applied thermal expansion coefficient,Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the equivalent solid material are derived.A series of tests have been conducted;and the proposed equivalent solid method to simulate the gas effects is validated.

STATISTIC MODELING OF THE CREEP BEHAVIOR OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

The aim of the paper is to discover the general creep mechanisms for the short fiber reinforcement matrix composites (MMCs) under uniaxial stress states and to build a relationship between the macroscopic steady creep behavior and the material micro geometric parameters. The unit cell models were used to calculate the macroscopic creep behavior with different micro geometric parameters of fibers on different loading directions. The influence of the geometric parameters of the fibers and loading directions on the macroscopic creep behavior had been obtained, and described quantitatively. The matrix/fiber interface had been considered by a third layer, matrix/fiber interlayer, in the unit cells with different creep properties and thickness. Based on the numerical results of the unit cell models, a statistic model had been presented for the plane randomly-distributed-fiber MMCs. The fiber breakage had been taken into account in the statistic model for it starts experimentally early in the creep life. With the distribution of the geometric parameters of the fibers, the results of the statistic model agree well with the experiments. With the statistic model, the influence of the geometric parameters and the breakage of the fibers as well as the properties and thickness of, the interlayer on the macroscopic steady creep rate have been discussed.

Asymptotic Behavior of the Finite Difference and the Finite Element Methods for Parabolic Equations

The asymptotic convergence of the solution of the parabolic equation is proved. By the eigenvalues estimation, we obtain that the approximate solutions by the finite difference method and the finite element method are asymptotically convergent. Both methods are considered in continnous time.

Full－range nonlinear analysis of fatigue behaviors of reinforced concrete structures by finite element method

The offshore reinforced concrete structures are always subject to cyclic load, such as wave load.In this paper a new finite element analysis model is developed to analyze the stress and strain state of reinforced concrete structures including offshore concrete structures, subject to any number of the cyclic load. On the basis of the anal ysis of the experimental data,this model simplifies the number of cycles-total cyclic strain curve of concrete as three straight line segments,and it is assumed that the stress-strain curves of different cycles in each segment are the same, thus the elastoplastic analysis is only needed for the first cycle of each segment, and the stress or strain corresponding to any number of cycles can be obtained by superposition of stress or strain obtained by the above e lastoplastic analysis based on the cyclic numbers in each segment.This model spends less computer time,and can obtain the stress and strain states of the structures after any number of cycles.The endochronic-damage and ideal offshore concrete platform subject to cyclic loading are experimented and analyzed by the finite element method based on the model proposed in this paper. The results between the experiment and the finite element analysis are in good agreement,which demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the proposed model.

脱空混凝土管道纵向力学行为及自膨胀高聚物注浆修复性能提升

为揭示脱空混凝土管道的纵向力学行为以及自膨胀高聚物外部注浆修复性能提升效果,开展了密实、脱空和高聚物修复混凝土管道现场足尺试验和三维有限元数值仿真,并通过试验结果对数值模型进行了验证。以不同管基状态下混凝土管道的截面纵向弯曲弯矩和管顶竖向位移为分析对象,讨论了脱空宽度和脱空长度对混凝土管道力学行为的影响规律,并引入纵向弯矩和竖向位移修复指数ξM和ξU,对高聚物注浆修复脱空管道的性能提升效果进行了量化表征。研究表明:脱空管道正负纵向弯矩分别分布在脱空两侧的相邻管段和接头,峰值分别位于SgL2、SgR2和SgL3、SgR3处;脱空管道纵向弯矩在SgL1和SgR1处随脱空宽度的增大而减小,其余测点处随脱空宽度的增大而增大,在整个纵向随脱空长度的增大而增大;不同脱空宽度和脱空长度管道的纵向弯矩在SgL1和SgR1以外均高于密实管道;与密实管道相比,脱空管道竖向位移和接头剪切位移的最大增幅分别为155%和230%;修复管道的纵向弯矩略低于密实管道,竖向位移略高于密实管道,纵向弯矩和竖向位移最大修复指数分别为76.5%和83.7%。

T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件设计建议

约束边缘构件的构造对剪力墙抗震性能影响较大,抗震规范对T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的配筋及长度的相关规定可能存在不足。为研究T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的合理构造,基于有限元平台OpenSEES,建立了T形截面剪力墙纤维模型,仿真结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的合理性和可靠性。在此基础上,研究T形截面剪力墙翼缘端约束边缘构件纵筋配筋率和腹板自由端约束边缘构件长度对其抗震性能的影响,结果表明:抗震规范对T形截面剪力墙翼缘端约束边缘构件纵筋配置的要求过于保守;降低翼缘端约束边缘构件的纵筋配筋率、同时增加腹板端约束边缘构件长度,可显著提升T形截面剪力墙抗震性能,且用钢量减少。借鉴美国规范ACI 318⁃19,提出了确定T形截面剪力墙腹板端约束边缘构件长度的简化方法,给出了T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的设计建议。

五行音乐疗法联合认知行为干预对脑卒中患者康复期的影响

目的 探讨中医五行音乐疗法联合认知行为干预对脑卒中患者运动功能、日常生活能力及心理状态的影响。方法选取2021年7月—2022年12月在南昌某三甲医院康复科住院的首发脑卒中患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各40例。两组患者都行脑卒中常规康复护理,试验组加用中医五行音乐疗法联合认知行为干预,比较两组运动功能评分[Fugl-Meyer运动功能评估量表(FMA)评分]、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分、心理状态评分[汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分]。结果 入院干预4、8周后,两组FMA评分、ADL评分、HAMD评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同时间、不同组别及时间-组别交互差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在常规康复护理的基础上行中医五行音乐联合认知行为干预,有利于改善脑卒中患者的运动功能和日常生活能力,消除其一些不良心理状态,值得临床推广应用。

内置H型钢的圆铝管混凝土短柱轴压性能分析

为研究内置H型钢的圆铝合金管混凝土短柱的轴压力学性能及受力机理,采用ABAQUS建立了该类试件的有限元模型,在有限元验证基础上,研究了试件在轴向荷载作用下的破坏形态,对典型试件进行了受力全过程分析以及接触力分析,研究了试件不同高度处的截面各组成部分的荷载分担情况,总结了试件各部分之间接触应力的变化规律;研究了混凝土抗压强度、含钢率、铝合金管壁厚以及截面构造对试件轴压力学性能的影响。结果表明:试件在轴向荷载作用下铝合金管、混凝土以及H型钢表现出良好的组合效应,通过参数分析发现,轴压短柱受力过程中的横向变形随着混凝土立方体抗压强度增大而增大,参数分析中圆铝合金管壁厚对轴压短柱的承载能力影响最大。可见内置H型钢的圆铝合金管混凝土柱组合构件在受轴向荷载时表现出较强的承载能力以及良好的抵抗变形能力。

塌陷区上覆加筋路基力学行为演化与变形机理细观研究

为深入揭示塌陷区上覆加筋路基力学行为演化与变形机理,本文基于室内试验建立塌陷区上覆加筋路基离散元数值分析模型,从细观层面分析不同筋材长度、塌陷区宽度、路基高度条件下颗粒间接触力链分布、颗粒间相对位移、筋材弯曲变形与拉力、土拱比等变化规律,进而探究筋材长度、塌陷区宽度、路基高度对加筋路基力学行为与变形机理的影响规律。研究结果表明:合理的加筋长度能够使筋材有效承担上部路基荷载并限制路基填料颗粒间的相对位移;本研究中当筋材长度L=500 mm时,限制路基填料颗粒间相对位移的效果最佳,此时,筋材拉力达到最大值,筋材的弯曲变形达到最小值,颗粒间接触力链形状表现为完整拱形;在锚固比相同的条件下,塌陷区宽度越大,土拱效应的发挥程度就越低,土拱比就越小,颗粒间接触力链形状由完整拱形演变为2条未闭合的斜边,随着塌陷区宽度的增加,路基变形范围和筋材变形逐渐增加,加筋效果逐渐减弱;随着路基高度的增加,能够有效限制土拱效应的退化并使土拱效应得到充分发挥,颗粒间接触力链形状由2条和路基底部具有一定夹角的斜边演变为完整拱形,筋材拉力逐渐增大,筋材水平与竖向位移均逐渐减小,路基变形范围形状由矩形变为环状椭圆形且宽度基本不变。

装配式槽钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能研究

为研究采用螺栓连接的装配式槽钢-混凝土组合梁(PSCCB)的受弯性能,制作了7个不同宽跨比、梁高和剪切连接间距的PSCCB试件,对其进行四点弯曲测试。基于ABAQUS软件建立PSCCB有限元模型,通过试验结果验证模型的可靠性,并分析螺栓间距、螺栓预紧力、抗剪连接件间距、剪跨比、宽跨比、槽钢强度和混凝土强度对PSCCB受弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:高强度螺栓能确保PSCCB具有较高的整体性和良好的强度和延性;随着宽跨比增大,PSCCB抗弯承载力和延性分别提高8%~19%和11%~21%;穿孔钢板剪力连接件在槽钢和混凝土板之间提供高效的组合作用,部分抗剪连接与完全抗剪连接PSCCB的延性、强度、刚度差异少于10%;与梁高320 mm的PSCCB相比,梁高400 mm的PSCCB的抗弯承载力提高96%,但延性降低10%。分析结果说明:有限元分析结果与试验结果较吻合,所建立的模型能准确反映PSCCB的受弯性能;随着螺栓间距和预紧力的增大,PSCCB受弯承载力和初始刚度基本保持不变;适当增加抗剪连接程度和宽跨比能有效提升PSCCB的受弯承载力和初始刚度;增加槽钢强度能显著提高PSCCB的受弯承载力,而混凝土强度变化对其受弯承载力影响较小。根据试验和有限元参数分析,提出PSCCB受弯性能设计方法,受弯承载力和跨中挠度计算值与试验及有限元分析结果吻合良好,可为PSCCB的工程设计提供参考。

粗集料形态特征及含量对沥青混合料压密行为的影响

为探究粗集料形态特征及颗粒含量对沥青混合料压密行为的影响规律,利用智能颗粒对车辙试验进行测试,获取颗粒力学和运动响应数据,通过三维激光扫描设备及图像处理技术构建了不同形态特征的粗集料轮廓,利用离散元方法建立沥青混合料的车辙数字试件。对数字试件开展虚拟车辙试验,借助智能颗粒测试结果对模型预测精度进行校验,利用高精度模型研究粗集料形状及含量对混合料压密行为的影响规律,以数字试件内部应力与颗粒位移来评价混合料的抗变形性能,以单一集料平均接触点数量与力链大小为量化指标进行骨架接触特性分析。结果表明:智能颗粒测试结果能够有效验证预测模型的精度,加速度幅值实测与预测最大差异为0.0215 g;在车辙虚拟试验中,由立方体状集料成型的试件,其内部应力高于含其他形状集料的混合料,且具有较小的迁移自由度,在集料含量为40%时颗粒竖向及水平位移仅为3.65 mm、1.89 mm;集料含量会影响沥青混合料压密行为,沥青混合料抗车辙变形性能及骨架接触特性随立方体状集料含量的增加而提高,而当针状、片状或针片状集料颗粒含量大于20%时,性能出现明显衰变。

基于甘蔗耕地黏土离散元参数标定的流变模型构建

针对华南宿根甘蔗的耕地土壤因多级复合团聚显现的逐层异构黏重性,为表征其特异性流变行为,该研究通过重黏土的离散元参数标定,构建团粒几何、力学属性多层演变的非匀质耕层模型,进而分析仿生壁板的推进阻力。结合休止角与三轴压缩试验及仿真结果,JKR表面能、恢复系数与动摩擦因数是影响重黏土流变响应的显著因子,不同耕层间参数差异明显。蕴含团粒级配分布、本征接触属性与黏聚特性的离散元模型具有表征多耕层复合流变性能的能力,通过三轴力学试验验证得到的本构响应偏差低于9.27%。采用该模型计算出的仿生耕作壁板推进阻力与土槽实测推进阻力之间的相对误差仅8.3%,表明对机具—土料互作关系的预测有效且较准确。研究结果可为触土部件适应性设计与动力学优化提供数据支持和模型参考。

部分预制预应力型钢混凝土梁受力性能试验与设计方法研究

为简化现场施工工序,创新将预应力技术与装配式技术集成应用于型钢混凝土结构中,提出部分预制预应力型钢混凝土(PPPSRC)梁。通过5个梁试件的受弯性能试验及5个梁试件的受剪性能试验,研究了预应力施加顺序、预应力度、预应力筋高度及预制混凝土种类对PPPSRC梁的破坏形态和截面应力发展的影响,并结合试验结果对各试件的裂缝发展规律、承载及变形能力进行了分析研究。研究结果表明:预应力施加于梁预制部分或施加于整个梁对PPPSRC梁受力性能影响较小,不同预应力施加顺序的试件开裂荷载与峰值荷载差值均在5%以内;预应力度和预制部分混凝土种类对PPPSRC梁的抗裂性能影响显著,其中PPPSRC梁的开裂荷载相较于普通型钢混凝土梁最高可提高166%,而预制部分采用超高性能混凝土相比预制部分采用普通混凝土的试件开裂荷载可提高33%。基于试验结果建立了适用于PPPSRC梁的受弯、受剪承载力以及开裂荷载的计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。