Natural environments contribute to people’s perception,preference and health restoration.Many researchers have focused either on the positive effects of overall rural environments on stress recovery or concentrated o...Natural environments contribute to people’s perception,preference and health restoration.Many researchers have focused either on the positive effects of overall rural environments on stress recovery or concentrated on the perception and preference aspects of the rural landscape,but few have integrated perception,preference and stress recovery simultaneously.This paper developed a framework which includes 11 elements and 38 element components related to Linpan,China,and distributed it online as part of a survey.As a result,a total of 324 valid questionnaires were collected.The questionnaire included demographic details,perception and preference degree for Linpan,as well as self-estimations of stress recovery.Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed,and revealed 16 significant predictors for the perception,preference and stress recovery in rural environments.In terms of elements,atmosphere and imagery were the two elements that could be best perceived,while woodland,farmland,water,residence and road were the five most important elements for the preference.Moreover,seven elements were also identified as significant predictors for stress recovery.Among the element components,tranquility as well as road and water proximity were the two significant predictors for perception,while wide visibility as well as woodland and residence blending contributed significantly to stress recovery.The five element components of woodland interior,vegetable field,stream,courtyard space and branch road each had a significantly predictive ability for preference and stress recovery.These findings extend the understanding of the perception,preference and restorative properties of rural environments through the combination of elements and element components in Linpan of Western Sichuan,helping to improve the quality and characteristics of rural external and internal environments and create health-promoting environments.展开更多
Quantitative information on mass concentrations and other characteristics, such as spatial distribution, seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratio, correlations and sources, of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and elem...Quantitative information on mass concentrations and other characteristics, such as spatial distribution, seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratio, correlations and sources, of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in Guangzhou City were provided. Mass concentration of PM2.5 and elemental components were determined by standard weight method and proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE） method. 18 elements were detected, the results showed positive results. Average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in nine sites were in the range of 67.7-74.5μg/m^3 for summer period, and 109.9-123.7 μg/m^3 for winter period, respectively. The sum of 18 elements average concentrations were 5362.6-5533.4 ng/m^3 for summer period, and 8416.8-8900.6 ng/m^3 for winter period, respectively. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and element components showed obvious spatial characteristic, that the concentrations in roadside area and in industrial plant area were higher than those in generic urban area. An obvious seasonal variation characteristic was found for PM2.5 and elemental components, that the concentrations in winter were higher than that in summer. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 and some elemental components presented larger than 1 sometimes. According to indoor/outdoor correlation of PM2.5 and element concentrations, it was found that there were often good relationships between indoor and outdoor concentrations. Enrichment factors were calculated to evaluate anthropogenic versus natural elements sources.展开更多
Aerosol particles over the coastal area are subject to the modification of their chemical composition during their transport and diffusion. For examining the modification, the marine aerosol particles are collected at...Aerosol particles over the coastal area are subject to the modification of their chemical composition during their transport and diffusion. For examining the modification, the marine aerosol particles are collected at an island, East China Sea. Comparison of elemental composition of the marine aerosols with that of the samples collected at a coastal site, e.g. in Shanghai, was made. The results of chemical analysis show that the loss of chlorine component in aerosol particles is one of the main characteristics in the course of diffusion of marine aerosols into the coastal continent. Sulphur is a dominant component for fine particles in both marine and coastal aerosols. The relation of particle number concentration and particle size distribution to the meteorological conditions was discussed briefly. These results can be used as a reference in the estimation of equivalent refractive index of the aerosols for radiation transfer.展开更多
Fault and fractures are well-developed in the Gejiu tin-polymetallic district,and they are closely related to the formation and distribution of ores.In this paper,the principal component analysis(PCA)and multifractal ...Fault and fractures are well-developed in the Gejiu tin-polymetallic district,and they are closely related to the formation and distribution of ores.In this paper,the principal component analysis(PCA)and multifractal singular value decomposition(MSVD)methodologies were applied for identification of the ore-forming anomaly components from element concentrations of fault rocks in the Laochang ore field,Gejiu.The results show that:(1)the wall rocks and fault rocks have anomalous concentrations of ore-forming elements,indicating that these elements are mainly derived from fluid/rock interaction in the fracture zones;(2)PCA based on clr-transformed data was used to recognize significant association anomalies of ore-forming elements,which lay a foundation for further extracting ore-forming anomaly components from the element association anomalies related to Sn-Cu mineralization;(3)MSVD could effectively explore local anomaly features and decompose ore-forming element association anomalies associated with buried mineralization in more detail.The ore-forming element anomaly components can delineate ore-finding Sn-Cu polymetallic deposits more exactly than the ore-forming element association anomalies.展开更多
Sorting the Tibetan language quickly and accurately requires first identifying the component elements that make up Tibetan syllables and then sorting by the priority of the component.Based on the study of Tibetan text...Sorting the Tibetan language quickly and accurately requires first identifying the component elements that make up Tibetan syllables and then sorting by the priority of the component.Based on the study of Tibetan text structure,grammatical rules and syllable structure,we present a structurebased Tibetan syllable recognition method that uses syllable structure instead of grammar.This method avoids complicated Tibetan grammar and recognizes the components of Tibetan syllables simply and quickly.On the basis of identifying the components of Tibetan syllables,a Tibetan syllable sorting algorithm that conforms to the language sorting rules is proposed.The core of the Tibetan syllable sorting algorithm is a hash function.Research has found that the sorting of all legal Tibetan syllables requires eight components of information.The hash function is based on this discovery and can be assigned corresponding weights according to different sorting verify the effectiveness of the Tibetan sorting algorithm,we established an experimental corpus using the Tibetan sorting standard document recognized by the majority of Tibetan users,namely the New Tibetan Orthographic Dictionary.Experiments show that this method produces results completely consistent with standard reference works,with an accuracy of 100%,and with minimal computational time.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870703)。
文摘Natural environments contribute to people’s perception,preference and health restoration.Many researchers have focused either on the positive effects of overall rural environments on stress recovery or concentrated on the perception and preference aspects of the rural landscape,but few have integrated perception,preference and stress recovery simultaneously.This paper developed a framework which includes 11 elements and 38 element components related to Linpan,China,and distributed it online as part of a survey.As a result,a total of 324 valid questionnaires were collected.The questionnaire included demographic details,perception and preference degree for Linpan,as well as self-estimations of stress recovery.Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed,and revealed 16 significant predictors for the perception,preference and stress recovery in rural environments.In terms of elements,atmosphere and imagery were the two elements that could be best perceived,while woodland,farmland,water,residence and road were the five most important elements for the preference.Moreover,seven elements were also identified as significant predictors for stress recovery.Among the element components,tranquility as well as road and water proximity were the two significant predictors for perception,while wide visibility as well as woodland and residence blending contributed significantly to stress recovery.The five element components of woodland interior,vegetable field,stream,courtyard space and branch road each had a significantly predictive ability for preference and stress recovery.These findings extend the understanding of the perception,preference and restorative properties of rural environments through the combination of elements and element components in Linpan of Western Sichuan,helping to improve the quality and characteristics of rural external and internal environments and create health-promoting environments.
基金Project supported by the Foundation of Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (No. PolyU 5145/03E) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40121303).
文摘Quantitative information on mass concentrations and other characteristics, such as spatial distribution, seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratio, correlations and sources, of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in Guangzhou City were provided. Mass concentration of PM2.5 and elemental components were determined by standard weight method and proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE） method. 18 elements were detected, the results showed positive results. Average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in nine sites were in the range of 67.7-74.5μg/m^3 for summer period, and 109.9-123.7 μg/m^3 for winter period, respectively. The sum of 18 elements average concentrations were 5362.6-5533.4 ng/m^3 for summer period, and 8416.8-8900.6 ng/m^3 for winter period, respectively. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and element components showed obvious spatial characteristic, that the concentrations in roadside area and in industrial plant area were higher than those in generic urban area. An obvious seasonal variation characteristic was found for PM2.5 and elemental components, that the concentrations in winter were higher than that in summer. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 and some elemental components presented larger than 1 sometimes. According to indoor/outdoor correlation of PM2.5 and element concentrations, it was found that there were often good relationships between indoor and outdoor concentrations. Enrichment factors were calculated to evaluate anthropogenic versus natural elements sources.
文摘Aerosol particles over the coastal area are subject to the modification of their chemical composition during their transport and diffusion. For examining the modification, the marine aerosol particles are collected at an island, East China Sea. Comparison of elemental composition of the marine aerosols with that of the samples collected at a coastal site, e.g. in Shanghai, was made. The results of chemical analysis show that the loss of chlorine component in aerosol particles is one of the main characteristics in the course of diffusion of marine aerosols into the coastal continent. Sulphur is a dominant component for fine particles in both marine and coastal aerosols. The relation of particle number concentration and particle size distribution to the meteorological conditions was discussed briefly. These results can be used as a reference in the estimation of equivalent refractive index of the aerosols for radiation transfer.
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0600509,2017YFC0601504)。
文摘Fault and fractures are well-developed in the Gejiu tin-polymetallic district,and they are closely related to the formation and distribution of ores.In this paper,the principal component analysis(PCA)and multifractal singular value decomposition(MSVD)methodologies were applied for identification of the ore-forming anomaly components from element concentrations of fault rocks in the Laochang ore field,Gejiu.The results show that:(1)the wall rocks and fault rocks have anomalous concentrations of ore-forming elements,indicating that these elements are mainly derived from fluid/rock interaction in the fracture zones;(2)PCA based on clr-transformed data was used to recognize significant association anomalies of ore-forming elements,which lay a foundation for further extracting ore-forming anomaly components from the element association anomalies related to Sn-Cu mineralization;(3)MSVD could effectively explore local anomaly features and decompose ore-forming element association anomalies associated with buried mineralization in more detail.The ore-forming element anomaly components can delineate ore-finding Sn-Cu polymetallic deposits more exactly than the ore-forming element association anomalies.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61862054)Applied Basic Research Project of Qinghai Province(No.2019-ZJ-7066).
文摘Sorting the Tibetan language quickly and accurately requires first identifying the component elements that make up Tibetan syllables and then sorting by the priority of the component.Based on the study of Tibetan text structure,grammatical rules and syllable structure,we present a structurebased Tibetan syllable recognition method that uses syllable structure instead of grammar.This method avoids complicated Tibetan grammar and recognizes the components of Tibetan syllables simply and quickly.On the basis of identifying the components of Tibetan syllables,a Tibetan syllable sorting algorithm that conforms to the language sorting rules is proposed.The core of the Tibetan syllable sorting algorithm is a hash function.Research has found that the sorting of all legal Tibetan syllables requires eight components of information.The hash function is based on this discovery and can be assigned corresponding weights according to different sorting verify the effectiveness of the Tibetan sorting algorithm,we established an experimental corpus using the Tibetan sorting standard document recognized by the majority of Tibetan users,namely the New Tibetan Orthographic Dictionary.Experiments show that this method produces results completely consistent with standard reference works,with an accuracy of 100%,and with minimal computational time.
