Comparison of Propofol and Fentanyl for Preventing Emergence Agitation Following Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: A Single-Center Study in Bangladesh

Background: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common phenomenon observed in pediatric patients following general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of propofol and fentanyl in preventing EA and to compare their associated complications or side effects. Methods: This prospective randomized observational comparative study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of propofol and fentanyl on EA in children aged 18 to 72 months undergoing circumcision, herniotomy, and polypectomy operations. Ninety children were included in the study, with 45 in each group. Patients with psychological or neurological disorders were excluded. Various parameters including age, sex, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, duration of anesthesia, Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SPO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score, duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, incidence of laryngospasm, nausea, vomiting, and rescue drug requirement were compared between the two groups. Results: Age, sex, weight, ASA class, and duration of anesthesia were comparable between the two groups. Perioperative SpO2 and HR were similar in both groups. However, the PAED score was significantly higher in the fentanyl group during all follow-ups except at 30 minutes postoperatively. The mean duration of PACU stay was significantly longer in the fentanyl group. Although the incidence of laryngospasm was higher in the fentanyl group, it was not statistically significant. Conversely, nausea or vomiting was significantly higher in the fentanyl group. The requirement for rescue drugs was significantly higher in the fentanyl group compared to the propofol group. Conclusion: Both propofol and fentanyl were effective in preventing emergence agitation in pediatric patients undergoing various surgical procedures under sevoflurane anesthesia. However, propofol demonstrated a better safety profile with fewer incidences of nausea, vomiting, and rescue drug requirements compared to fentanyl.

Influencing factors and risk prediction model for emergence agitation after general anesthesia for primary liver cancer

BACKGROUND General anesthesia is commonly used in the surgical management of gastrointestinal tumors;however,it can lead to emergence agitation(EA).EA is a common complication associated with general anesthesia,often characterized by behaviors,such as crying,struggling,and involuntary limb movements in patients.If treatment is delayed,there is a risk of incision cracking and bleeding,which can significantly affect surgical outcomes.Therefore,having a proper understanding of the factors influencing the occurrence of EA and implementing early preventive measures may reduce the incidence of agitation during the recovery phase from general anesthesia,which is beneficial for improving patient prognosis.AIM To analyze influencing factors and develop a risk prediction model for EA occurrence following general anesthesia for primary liver cancer.METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 200 patients who underwent hepatoma resection under general anesthesia at Wenzhou Central Hospital(January 2020 to December 2023)was conducted.Post-surgery,the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale was used to evaluate EA presence,noting EA incidence after general anesthesia.Patients were categorized by EA presence postoperatively,and the influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression.A nomogram-based risk prediction model was constructed and evaluated for differentiation and fit using receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves.RESULTS EA occurred in 51(25.5%)patients.Multivariate analysis identified advanced age,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)grade Ⅲ,indwelling catheter use,and postoperative pain as risk factors for EA(P<0.05).Conversely,postoperative analgesia was a protective factor against EA(P<0.05).The area under the curve of the nomogram was 0.972[95%confidence interval(CI):0.947-0.997]for the training set and 0.979(95%CI:0.951-1.000)for the test set.Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good fit(χ^(2)=5.483,P=0.705),and calibration curves showed agreement between predicted and actual EA incidence.CONCLUSION Age,ASA grade,catheter use,postoperative pain,and analgesia significantly influence EA occurrence.A nomogram constructed using these factors demonstrates strong predictive accuracy.

Correlation between pre-anesthesia anxiety and emergence agitation in non-small cell lung cancer surgery patients

BACKGROUND Preoperative anxiety is a common emotional problem during the perioperative period and may adversely affect postoperative recovery.Emergence agitation(EA)is a common complication of general anesthesia that may increase patient discomfort and hospital stay and may be associated with the development of postoperative complications.Pre-anesthetic anxiety may be associated with the development of EA,but studies in this area are lacking.AIM To determine the relationship between pre-anesthetic anxiety and EA after radical surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).METHODS Eighty patients with NSCLC undergoing surgical treatment between June 2020 and June 2023 were conveniently sampled.We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’s(HADS)anxiety subscale(HADS-A)to determine patients’anxiety at four time points(T1-T4):Patients’preoperative visit,waiting period in the surgical waiting room,after entering the operating room,and before anesthesia induction,respectively.The Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale(RSAS)examined EA after surgery.Scatter plots of HADS-A and RSAS scores assessed the correlation between patients’pre-anesthesia anxiety status and EA.We performed a partial correlation analysis of HADS-A scores with RSAS scores.RESULTS NSCLC patients’HADS-A scores gradually increased at the four time points:7.33±2.03 at T1,7.99±2.22 at T2,8.05±2.81 at T3,and 8.36±4.17 at T4.The patients’postoperative RSAS score was 4.49±1.18,and 27 patients scored≥5,indicating that 33.75%patients had EA.HADS-A scores at T3 and T4 were significantly higher in patients with EA(9.67±3.02 vs 7.23±2.31,12.56±4.10 vs 6.23±2.05,P<0.001).Scatter plots showed the highest correlation between HADS-A and RSAS scores at T3 and T4.Partial correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between HADS-A and RSAS scores at T3 and T4(r=0.296,0.314,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Agitation during anesthesia recovery in patients undergoing radical resection for NSCLC correlated with anxiety at the time of entering the operating room and before anesthesia induction.

Effect of dezocine pretreatment on emergence agitation and relatedinternal environment changes in children with general anesthesia surgery

Objective:To study the effect of dezocine pretreatment on the emergence agitation and related internal environment changes in children with general anesthesia surgery.Methods: A total of 200 children who underwent general anesthesia surgery in the Central Hospital of Xiaogan between January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups by random number table method, dezocine group received routine general anesthesia and intravenous injection of dezocine 30 min before the end of surgery, and control group received routine general anesthesia and intravenous injection of saline 30 min before the end of surgery. The CHEPOS score of emergence agitation was performed during anesthesia recovery;the levels of inflammatory stress mediators in serum as well as the expression of stress signal molecules and inflammatory signal molecules in peripheral blood were measured before anesthesia induction and during anesthesia recovery.Results: The CHEPOS score of emergence agitation of dezocine group was lower than that of control group;compared with those of same group before anesthesia induction, serum ACTH, Cor, INS, ICAM1 and TNF-α levels as well as peripheral blood CHOP, GRP78, JNK, c-jun, CD14 and SR expression intensity of both groups of patients were significantly higher whereas IRS-1, IRS-2 and PKB expression intensity were significantly lower during anesthesia recovery, and serum ACTH, Cor, INS, ICAM1 and TNF-α levels as well as peripheral blood CHOP, GRP78, JNK, c-jun, CD14 and SR expression intensity of dezocine group during anesthesia recovery were significantly lower than those of control group whereas IRS-1, IRS-2 and PKB expression intensity were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusions: Dezocine pretreatment has improving effect on the emergence agitation and related internal environment changes in children with general anesthesia surgery.

Comparative Study and Safe Dose Analysis of Dexmedetomidine in the Prevention of Emergence Agitation and Emergency Delirium in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia

The purpose of this paper is to explore the safe and effective dose of dexmedetomidin for the prevention of agitation and delirium during the awakening period for children undergoing general anesthesia. Samples of 989 cases are collected from children with comprehensive treatment of dental caries, and were randomly divided into four groups. Group A, group B and group C were intravenously at constant speed （60 mL/h）, 0.5 and 0.25 infusion with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. Group D （control group） was intravenously saline at the same speed. The score of 5-point scale and the incidence of ED （emergency delirium） and EA （emergence agitation） in four groups were compared. Comparison of four groups of CHIPPS （children and infants postoperative pain） score, the amount of operation time and record seven halothane （TO）, time to stop cover drug withdrawal of laryngeal anesthesia （TM）, eye opening time （TE）, independent records of children at the time of ICU stay after anesthesia （TP）. Results show that there was no significant difference between the four groups （p 〉 0.05）, among which the TM in B, C groups was significantly higher than that in A, D groups （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly higher than group B （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in TE and TP between the A, B, D groups （p 〉 0. 05）. TE in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A, D （p 〉 0. 05）. The TP of group C was significantly higher than that of groups A, D （p 〈 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between the B, C groups （p 〉 0.05）. The incidence rates of EA and ED in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C and group C （p 〉 0.05）. The CHIPPS score and sevoflurane dosage in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C （p 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： the dose of dexmetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in children with general anesthesia can prevent restlessness and delirium after operation.

Reduced emergence agitation with proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery

Purpose:To investigate the effect of proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.Methods:Paediatric patients(3-12 years-old)receiving strabismus surgery were randomly assigned to receive 1-2 drops of isotonic saline(n=129)or proparacaine hydrochloride(n=129)after surgery.The incidence and degree of emergence agitation were recorded and compared between groups.Results:A significantly lower occurrence of emergence agitation was observed with proparacaine hydrochloride drops compared to isotonic saline(12.4% vs.31.8%;p<0.05).Conclusion:Proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops reduce the incidence of emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.

Dexmedetomidine versus Ketamine for the Prevention of Emergence Agitation in Pediatric: A Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: This study compares the effect of dexmedetomidine versus Ketamine for the prevention of emergence agitation in children undergoing general anaesthesia. Method: 75 Children are randomly allocated into three groups. Group C: Were assigned to receive normal saline. Group K: Were assigned to receive Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg. Group D: assigned to receive 0.25 ug /kg of dexmedetomidine, before the end of surgery. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in demographic data and intraoperative parameters between the three groups. But as regards to time to discharge, there was a significant difference between group C, group K and group D (group C = 39.96 ± 2.84, group K = 37.28 ± 3.80, group D = 35.08 ± 3.36 and P value = 0.0002). FLACC scale was low after extubation, before leaving the operating room and on arrival to PACU (small FLACC scale in group K, D than group C). PAED scoreless in Group K and Group D than Group C (postoperative, at 10 minutes, 20 min, 30 min). Conclusion: Ketamine and dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence and severity of emergence delirium effectively when compared to normal saline, and the effects of dexmedetomidine being much superior to Ketamine.

The Association between Preoperative Parental Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Preschoolers

Introduction: The preoperative distress and anxiety experienced by preschoolers are associated with an increased incidence of troubled recovery from anesthesia. However, influences of parental anxiety on children at different stages of the surgical processes are not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate any existing association between preoperative parental anxiety and emergence agitation in a pediatric surgery population. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 children ASA class I or II, aged 3 - 12 years old, undergoing adenotonsillectomy with sevoflurane, were included in the study. Before surgery, we used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory S-T (STAI S-T) to assess parental anxiety. Emergence agitation of the children was assessed with Watcha scale and recorded every 10 min of first 30 min of the postoperative period. Parents were contacted 24 hours after the surgery to evaluate their satisfaction, post operative pain and any side effect observed in the children. Results: Preoperatively, the mean STAI-S scores of mothers were significantly higher than those of fathers (p 0.05). The children had the highest agitation scores at 10th postoperative minutes with an incidence of 73.9%. There was no correlation between parental anxiety and emergence agitation. Logistic regression analysis showed that low educational level of the parent was the only independent factor for state anxiety (OR: 8.96, 95% CI: 1.50 - 40.35, p = 0.030). Discussion: In this study, we observed that education level of the parents might affect their preoperative anxiety. The factors influential in parental anxiety were not correlated with pediatric emergence agitation in this study.

Effects of Lidocaine Infusion on Quality of Recovery and Agitation after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Randomized Controlled Study

Background: After functional endoscopic nasal surgery, emergence agitation is not uncommon. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effect of perioperative lidocaine infusion on postoperative early recovery quality and incidence of emergence agitation in patient undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: 100 patients of ASA I and II, aged 18 - 50 years, of both sexes scheduled for FEES, were assigned into two groups. In Group L;patients received an intravenous bolus infusion of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine just before induction of anesthesia followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h during the operation and until the end of the surgery. In Group C;patients received normal saline infusion with the same volume as group L according to the same protocol. The primary endpoints were incidence of emergence agitation and postoperative recovery quality (QoR-40) score on first postoperative day (POD1). Results: Incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in group L (P < 0.05) compared with group C. Global QoR-40 scores on POD1 were significantly lower in both groups compared with preoperative assessment, it was significantly higher in group L on POD1 (P < 0.05) than in group C. Among the five dimensions of QoR-40, the scores for physical comfort and pain were superior in group L compared to group C (P < 0.05) at POD1. Conclusion: Systemic lidocaine infusion can improve QoR-40 scores and decrease incidence of emergence agitation in patients scheduled for FEES, also it reduces the duration of stay in PACU after surgery.

Postanesthetic Emergence Delirium in Children: Qualitative Differences between Sevoflurane vs Desflurane: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Emergence Delirium (ED) is considered a usual complication in pediatric anesthesia. Aim: Analyze the quantitative and qualitative differences in ED in children receiving general anesthesia with sevoflurane or desflurane in day case surgery. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and two children, ASA I-II, who required outpatient elective day case surgery, were assigned to receive anesthesia with sevoflurane or desflurane. ED was assessed by a masked investigator using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale at 5 and 15 minutes (min). Results: Mean time to wake up was shorter with desflurane compared with sevoflurane (6.0 versus 8.3 min, p = 0.0001). The overall incidence of ED was 21.3% and Postoperative Maladaptive Behavior Changes (POMBC) incidence was 22%;however, these were not related. Main factors found to be associated with ED were younger age, postoperative pain and preoperative anxiety. Although there were not statistically significant differences in ED incidence between sevoflurane (26.4%, 95% CI 17.3% - 35.4%) and desflurane anesthesia (16.3%, 95% CI 8.8% - 23.8%) (p = 0.18), scores of items 1 and 2 from PAED scale (eye contact and purposeful actions, items related to the patients’ connection with their surroundings) were significantly higher in sevoflurane than in desflurane group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.021 respectively). Conclusion: Recovery after anesthetic maintenance with desflurane is faster and as safe as sevoflurane, including postoperative behavioral disorders. Although desflurane did not statistically decrease ED incidence as compared with sevoflurane, patients who were agitated with desflurane were qualitatively less disoriented and disconnected from their surroundings.

经皮穴位电刺激对选择性脊神经后根切断术患儿苏醒期躁动的影响

目的探讨经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对选择性脊神经后根切断术(SPR)患儿苏醒期躁动(EA)的影响。方法选择择期在全麻下行SPR的脑瘫患儿42例,男20例,女22例,年龄6~12岁,BMI 13~24 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。将患儿随机分为两组:经皮穴位电刺激组(T组)和对照组(C组),每组21例。T组于麻醉诱导前30 min给予TEAS双侧合谷穴及内关穴,持续至手术结束。C组在相同的穴位放置电极片,但不予电刺激。所有患儿均采用全凭静脉麻醉。记录入室时、拔管即刻、拔管后5、15、30 min的HR、MAP。记录术中瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚的用量、手术时间、拔管时间。记录拔管后15 min的Wong-Baker面部疼痛表情(FPS-R)评分和儿童麻醉苏醒期躁动评估量表(PAED)评分,并计算苏醒期躁动(EA)发生率。记录术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生情况。结果与入室时比较,C组拔管即刻、拔管后5、15 min HR明显增快,拔管即刻、拔管后5、15、30 min MAP明显升高(P<0.05);T组拔管即刻、拔管后5、15 min HR明显增快,MAP明显升高(P<0.05)。与C组比较,T组拔管即刻、拔管后5、15、30 min HR明显减慢,MAP明显降低(P<0.05);术中瑞芬太尼用量明显减少,拔管时间明显缩短,术后FPS-R评分、PAED评分和EA发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术中丙泊酚用量和PONV发生率差异无统计学意义。结论TEAS可有效预防行SPR的脑瘫患儿EA发生,有利于维持血流动力学平稳,减少阿片类药物用量,减轻患儿术后疼痛,加快麻醉复苏时间。

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征全麻苏醒期躁动风险预测模型的构建与验证

目的:构建并验证儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)术后苏醒期躁动(emergence agitation,EA)的风险预测模型。方法:选择665例全麻下行OSAS手术的3~12岁患儿为研究对象,随机分为建模组(n=499)和验证组(n=166)。建模组根据是否发生苏醒期躁动,分为EA组和非EA组,采用logistic回归分析筛选儿童OSAS术后EA的危险因素,以此建立风险预测列线图模型,并通过C-index、校准曲线和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积验证模型的预测效能,并用该风险模型进行内部验证。采用SPSS 26.0软件包和R软件(V4.1.2)对数据进行统计学分析。结果:OSAS手术后患儿苏醒期躁动发生率为38.68%。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR:0.494,95%CI:0.313~0.778)、拔管时间(OR:0.971,95%CI:0.953~0.990)、术后疼痛(OR:1.530,95%CI:1.378~1.699)是儿童OSAS手术后苏醒期躁动的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。据此建立风险预测模型,ROC曲线下面积为0.782(95%CI:0.741~0.823),灵敏度为0.599,特异度为0.837。验证组的ROC曲线下面积为0.773(95%CI:0.697~0.849),灵敏度0.676,特异度为0.814。结论:年龄、拔管时间、术后疼痛是OSAS儿童术后苏醒期躁动的独立危险因素,以此构建的列线图模型对此类患儿术后苏醒期躁动的发生有较好的预测效能。

颌面部鲜红斑痣患儿光动力治疗苏醒期躁动的影响因素及药物干预措施的观察性研究

目的:研究颌面部鲜红斑痣患儿光动力治疗苏醒期躁动(emergence agitation,EA)的风险因素,探讨围术期药物干预对EA的影响。方法:纳入2~12岁在全麻下行光动力治疗颌面部鲜红斑痣的患儿270例。收集患儿术前资料、患儿及家长术前焦虑评分,记录麻醉用药情况、苏醒期疼痛及躁动评分(PAED评分)。根据苏醒室PAED评分,将患儿分为EA组(PAED评分≥12)和非EA组(PAED评分<12),比较组间各因素的差异,并进行校正回归分析,找出有效的药物干预措施。采用SPSS 25.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:EA组与非EA组在年龄、术前焦虑状态、诱导期阿片类药物、右美托咪定、拔管时间及术后疼痛评分方面均有显著差异(P<0.05);矫正术前基线因素后,Logistics回归分析提示,诱导用阿片类药物芬太尼/舒芬太尼(OR=0.03,95%CI:0~0.16)、右美托咪定(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.33~0.95)是EA发生的保护因素。矫正基线后对苏醒期不同用量艾司氯胺酮回归分析,发现艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.04~0.50)和1 mg/kg(OR=0.07,95%CI:0.00~0.41)是EA的保护因素。结论:颌面部鲜红斑痣光动力治疗EA与年龄、患儿和家长的术前焦虑状态、拔管时间、术后疼痛相关,诱导使用舒芬太尼、苏醒期使用艾司氯胺酮(0.5~1 mg/kg)可有效降低EA的发生。

大数据环境下基于EA的政府应急信息资源规划研究

[目的/意义]为了适应大数据环境和突发事件的特点,解决应急领域跨部门、跨系统的信息资源共享、系统集成和业务协同问题,从系统的、全局的视角来规划应急信息资源。[方法/过程]研究了基于EA的应急信息资源规划的必要性、可行性和理论基础,建立了基于EA的信息资源规划的总体框架和流程,设计了EA及其内容元模型,讨论了架构和架构层的构建方法,通过实例模拟了大数据环境下应急信息资源规划的过程。[结果/结论]实例的模拟说明基于EA的信息资源规划的框架、流程和方法是可行的;它是一种系统的规划,可以更好适应大数据的复杂环境,解决信息共享、系统集成和业务协同问题,为政府应急信息资源规划提供参考。

术前口服咪达唑仑达满意镇静的时机对扁桃体腺样体切除术儿童麻醉诱导及苏醒期的影响

目的:探讨术前口服咪达唑仑达满意镇静的时机对扁桃体腺样体切除术儿童麻醉诱导及苏醒期的影响。方法:选取2022年11月至2023年6月在温州医科大学附属第二医院择期行扁桃体腺样体切除患儿147例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄2~7岁。患儿在术前等候区口服0.5 mg/kg咪达唑仑,并根据咪达唑仑口服后达到满意镇静时间分为10~20 min(快速起效,M_(1)组)及21~30 min(缓慢起效,M_(2)组),或口服等容量冰糖梨饮品(空白对照组,C组)。三组均采用丙泊酚+芬太尼联合七氟烷诱导、七氟烷维持的全身麻醉方案。主要观察指标为患儿诱导依从性(ICC)评分和麻醉后恢复室(PACU)的小儿麻醉苏醒期躁动(PAED)评分评估苏醒期躁动(EA)发生情况,次要观察指标包括父母分离焦虑量表(PSAS)、镇静Ramsay评分、手术时间、苏醒时间、PACU停留时间、出院时间、围术期呼吸系统不良事件(PRAE)及其他病房内不良事件等。结果:共147例患儿纳入结果分析,每组49例。M_(1)、M_(2)组患儿完美诱导(ICC=0)占比显著优于C组(95.9%vs.91.8%vs.61.2%,P=0.001)。M_(1)组患儿最大及平均PAED评分较C组显著升高(6.4±5.0 vs.4.4±4.1,P=0.029;5.2±4.5 vs.3.4±3.6,P=0.030);EA发生率明显高于C组(30.6%vs.10.2%,P=0.022),较M_(2)组有所增加(OR=0.581,95%CI 0.231-1.463,P=0.354)。M_(2)组最大及平均PAED评分、EA发生率与C组相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两M组患儿入室Ramsay评分及PSAS评分高于C组(P<0.05),PACU停留时间及苏醒时间长于C组(P<0.05);M_(1)组患儿PACU疼痛评分高于C组(P<0.05)。三组患儿手术时间、出院时间、PRAE及其他病房内不良事件等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:术前口服咪达唑仑虽可改善诱导期患儿ICC及PSAS评分,但也导致苏醒时间及PACU停留时间延长。咪达唑仑快速起效未发现更优的诱导期和苏醒期质量,反而增加了EA发生率及术后疼痛评分。

艾司氯胺酮与右美托咪定预防小儿七氟烷麻醉苏醒期躁动发生的效果比较

目的 比较艾司氯胺酮与右美托咪定预防小儿七氟烷麻醉苏醒期躁动(EA)发生的效果。方法 选择2020年8—10月在上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心行择期腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术的患儿60例,年龄2~7岁,采用计算机随机分组化原则将患儿分为艾司氯胺酮组和右美托咪定组。麻醉诱导期间艾司氯胺酮组予艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg静脉注射,右美托咪定组予右美托咪定0.3μg/kg静脉注射,术中均予以体积分数为0.02~0.03七氟烷与体积分数为0.5氧气吸入维持。记录两组患儿的一般资料,包括年龄、性别构成、BMI、手术时长。分别于术前(T_(0))、气管插管即刻(T_(1))、拔管即刻(T_(2))记录患儿的心率、平均动脉压(MAP)。记录两组患儿的拔管时间、麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留时间,以及麻醉后EA、术后疼痛、不良事件发生率。结果 两组间患儿的年龄、性别构成、BMI、手术时长的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。在T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)时间点,两组间患儿的心率和MAP的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。艾司氯胺酮组术后疼痛发生率(6.7%)显著低于右美托咪定组(26.7%,P<0.05);艾司氯胺酮组患儿麻醉后EA发生率和术后不良事件发生率分别为13.3%、6.7%,与右美托咪定组的16.7%、3.3%的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。艾司氯胺酮组拔管时间为(6.9±2.2) min、PACU停留时间为(24.0±13.2) min,右美托咪定组拔管时间为(6.1±2.5) min、PACU停留时间为(28.7±9.1) min;两组间患儿的拔管时间和PACU停留时间的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论麻醉诱导期间注射艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg预防小儿七氟烷麻醉后EA与0.3μg/kg右美托咪定的效果相当,且其镇痛效果优于右美托咪定。

基于EA的政府应急信息资源目录体系构建研究

[目的/意义]为了解决应急部门间信息孤岛问题,实现跨部门的应急信息资源整合和业务协同,需要在EA总体规划的指导下构建应急信息资源目录体系。[方法 /过程]分析了基于EA构建目录体系的必要性和可行性;建立了基于EA构建目录体系的框架;具体探讨了基于EA的应急资源的分类、元数据标准和信息资源的梳理与编目过程。[结果/结论]基于EA来构建应急信息资源目录体系是必要的、可行的,有利于实现跨部门的应急信息资源的整合,可加快目录体系的构建过程,提高编目工作效率。

艾司氯胺酮泵注对依托咪酯靶控输注所致苏醒期躁动的影响

目的探讨艾司氯胺酮恒速泵注对依托咪酯靶控输注患者苏醒期躁动的影响。方法选择拟在依托咪酯靶控输注全麻下行中耳鼓室成形手术的患者120例,男61例,女59例,年龄18~64岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。将患者随机分为两组:艾司氯胺酮组(E组)和对照组(C组),每组60例。麻醉诱导开始至手术结束前30 min,E组泵注艾司氯胺酮0.2 ml·kg^(-1)·h^(-1),C组泵注生理盐水0.2 ml·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)。记录手术时间、麻醉时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、PACU停留时间。记录苏醒期躁动例数、出PACU时和术后1 d VAS疼痛评分、术后1 d恶心呕吐例数以及术后1 d恶心呕吐VAS评分。评估术前、术后1、2 d的焦虑和抑郁评分。结果E组苏醒期躁动发生率、出PACU时和术后1 d VAS疼痛评分明显低于C组(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、麻醉时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、PACU停留时间、术后1 d恶心呕吐发生率、术后1 d恶心呕吐VAS评分以及不同时点焦虑、抑郁评分差异无统计学意义。结论艾司氯胺酮泵注辅助依托咪酯靶控输注可以减少苏醒期躁动,促进患者术后恢复。

不同亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮对扁桃体切除术患儿苏醒期躁动的影响

目的探讨不同亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮对扁桃体切除术后患儿苏醒期躁动(EA)发生率及麻醉后恢复情况的影响。方法选取2021年8月至2022年1月在雅安市人民医院行全麻扁桃体切除术患儿80例,采用随机数字表法将患儿随机分为艾司氯胺酮0.25 mg/kg组(A组)和艾司氯胺酮0.50 mg/kg组(B组)。全身麻醉诱导时A组静脉注射0.25 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮,B组静脉注射0.50 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮。记录两组患儿各时间点的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2);比较两组患儿术后EA发生率、严重EA发生率及术后中重度疼痛发生率;记录苏醒时间、拔管时间、麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留时间及不良事件发生情况。结果两组患儿EA发生率(2.56%vs 7.89%)、严重EA发生率(2.56%vs 5.26%)和中重度疼痛发生率(15.38%vs 10.52%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组苏醒时间[(15.05±3.51)min vs(20.05±4.64)min]和拔管时间[(12.54±4.34)min vs(16.66±7.07)min]较B组短(P<0.05);两组患儿PACU停留时间、不良反应发生率、血流动力学比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论0.25 mg/kg和0.50 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮均可有效降低全身麻醉扁桃体切除术患儿EA,但0.25 mg/kg的艾司氯胺酮苏醒时间和拔管时间更短。

小剂量艾司氯胺酮对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者全麻苏醒期躁动及炎症应激反应的影响

目的:探讨小剂量艾司氯胺酮对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者全麻苏醒期躁动(EA)及炎症反应的影响。方法:选取110例行LC的患者为研究对象,按麻醉诱导前干预方式不同分为对照组与艾司氯胺酮组,每组各55例。艾司氯胺酮组患者麻醉诱导前给予小剂量(0.25 mg/kg)艾司氯胺酮注射干预;对照组患者给予与艾司氯胺酮等量的生理盐水注射干预。比较两组患者EA发生情况;术中麻醉药物用量;镇静(苏醒期Ramsay镇静评分)及疼痛[视觉模拟评分(VAS)]情况;入室时(T0)、术毕(T1)、拔管即刻(T2)及拔管后15 min(T3)血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)和IL-8水平;术后住院时间及不良反应发生情况。结果:艾司氯胺酮组患者EA发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),且躁动程度低于对照组(P<0.05);术中瑞芬太尼用量少于对照组(P<0.05);苏醒期Ramsay评分高于对照组(P<0.05);拔管后10 min VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);在T1、T2和T3时血清IL-6及IL-8水平低于对照组(P<0.05);术后住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后不良反应率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:小剂量艾司氯胺酮能有效预防LC患者EA的发生,原因可能与减轻术后疼痛和抑制炎症反应有关。