Effective Development of Enterprise Emergency Management under the New Policy of Safety Production

In recent years,China has formed a more perfect emergency management system,and has achieved more significant results.The form of safety production has maintained a continuous good development trend,showing the characteristics of"two declines,one being basically flat,and one zero occurrence".In order to further strengthen the implementation of production safety responsibilities and resolutely prevent and contain extremely major accidents,the recent national production safety teleconference deployed 15 measures to pay close attention to the implementation,seriously pursue accountability,adhere to the red line,and immediately carry out in-depth and solid production safety inspections across the country.In such a high pressure situation,the ways to effectively carry out the security management of enterprises were briefly described in this paper.

Biological Early Warning and Emergency Management Support System for Water Pollution Accident

Water pollution accidents such as chemical spill and toxicants leach have become a serious issue in the world, which brings great threats to the aquatic ecosystem and drinking water safety. To detect unknown pollutions in time and take proper emergency actions, this study developed a system which integrated an online intelligent water quality monitoring device with a high efficient water quality model. The device is based on water quality probes and biological sensors which use fish motion as indicator. The numerical model is a combination of Euler and Lagrangian approaches. Finite element method is applied to simulate the flow field in an unstructured grid, and the pollutant be- haviours are traced through particle tracking. Oracle is used to manage the basic and monitoring data, and ArcSDE as well as ArclMS technologies are applied to make the system WebGIS-based so as to improve the data receiving and dispatching efficiency. The developed system has been successfully operated in Douhe Reservoir and Taihu Lake, China, where drinking water intakes are installed. It is seen from the applications that the online intelligent water qual- ity monitoring and emergency support system can be of great support to emergency management.

Impact of failure mode and effects analysis-based emergency management on the effectiveness of craniocerebral injury treatment

BACKGROUND Craniocerebral injuries encompass brain injuries,skull fractures,cranial soft tissue injuries,and similar injuries.Recently,the incidence of craniocerebral injuries has increased dramatically due to the increased numbers of traffic accidents and aerial work injuries,threatening the physical and mental health of patients.AIM To investigate the impact of failure modes and effects analysis(FMEA)-based emergency management on craniocerebral injury treatment effectiveness.METHODS Eighty-four patients with craniocerebral injuries,treated at our hospital from November 2019 to March 2021,were selected and assigned,using the random number table method,to study(n=42)and control(n=42)groups.Patients in the control group received conventional management while those in the study group received FMEA theory-based emergency management,based on the control group.Pre-and post-interventions,details regarding the emergency situation;levels of inflammatory stress indicators[Interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)];incidence of complications;prognoses;and satisfaction regarding patient care were evaluated for both groups.RESULTS For the study group,the assessed parameters[pre-hospital emergency response time(9.13±2.37 min),time to receive a consultation(2.39±0.44 min),time needed to report imaging findings(1.15±4.44 min),and test reporting time(32.19±6.23 min)]were shorter than those for the control group(12.78±4.06 min,3.58±0.71 min,33.49±5.51 min,50.41±11.45 min,respectively;P<0.05).Pre-intervention serum levels of IL-6(78.71±27.59 pg/mL),CRP(19.80±6.77 mg/L),and PCT(3.66±1.82 ng/mL)in the study group patients were not significantly different from those in the control group patients(81.31±32.11 pg/mL,21.29±8.02 mg/L,and 3.95±2.11 ng/mL respectively;P>0.05);post-intervention serum indicator levels were lower in both groups than pre-intervention levels.Further,serum levels of IL-6(17.35±5.33 pg/mL),CRP(2.27±0.56 mg/L),and PCT(0.22±0.07 ng/mL)were lower in the study group than in the control group(30.15±12.38 pg/mL,3.13±0.77 mg/L,0.38±0.12 ng/mL,respectively;P<0.05).The complication rate observed in the study group(9.52%)was lower than that in the control group(26.19%,P<0.05).The prognoses for the study group patients were better than those for the control patients(P<0.05).Patient care satisfaction was higher in the study group(95.24%)than in the control group(78.57%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION FMEA-based craniocerebral injury management effectively shortens the time spent on emergency care,reduces inflammatory stress and complication risk levels,and helps improve patient prognoses,while achieving high patient care satisfaction levels.

The application of feedforward control in the nursing emergency management of COVID-19

Objective:To explore the application of feedforward control in the nursing emergency management of COVID-19.Methods:The feedforward control theory was applied to the emergency management of COVID-19 nursing,including grasping the latest epidemic information,preparing for the early stage,formulating nursing workflow,implementing flexible management,standardizing isolation and protection measures,unifying nursing document record format,and implementing humanistic care.Results:During the period of support to Wuhan,the nursing work in the isolated area was orderly,the nursing staff's job satisfaction was high,no nursing errors and hospital infections occurred.Conclusion:Efficient feedforward control in the nursing emergency management that could avoid work blindness to a certain extent and play a guiding role in maintaining the normal operation of treatment and nursing work and protecting the safety of patients and medical staff in the ward during the epidemic period of COVID-19.

Fever Outpatient Service of General Hospital Applies “1 + 3 + 3” Emergency Management Mode to Deal with COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: To discuss the effect of “1 + 3 + 3” emergency management mode to deal with COVID-19 pandemic in fever outpatient service of general hospitals. Method: This paper analyzes and summarizes the problems encountered by fever outpatient service in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic from three aspects of “One Team”, “Three-Key” Control and “Three Mosts”. Results: The application of “1 + 3 + 3” emergency management mode can effectively boost the orderliness and efficiency of fever outpatient service in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The “1 + 3 + 3” emergency management mode provides a new management mode and idea for dealing with COVID-19 pandemic, so the fever outpatient service of general hospitals can better improve the national overall anti-pandemic situation.

Study on Emergency Management of Geological and Meteorological Disasters

The damage caused by geological and meteorological disasters was pointed out in this paper through analyzing the features and causes of geological and meteorological disasters.To strengthen emergency management of geological and meteorological disasters,it is suggested to rigorously investigate potential geological hazard points,to strengthen observation and warning system,to take group prevention and group test as a supplementary to professional observation,to build up the last line of defense to geological and meteorological disasters,to set up functional cooperation mechanism,and to publicize disaster prevention and mitigation.

Political Implications of Emergency Management

This paper will review three broad types of political implications of emergency management, since historically emergency management was considered only a function of law enforcement and fire departments, with the support in the event of a major catastrophe from public health and civil defense organizations. The issue is not whether governments will be required to respond to emergencies but rather when and how frequently. The time to think about emergencies is before they happen. Despite some significant weakness in the overall approach, political implications offer many benefits and provide various options for CDCs （community development corporations） to get involved in disaster recovery and emergency management. Based upon a generally positive evaluation, the paper concludes that emergency management must become a central activity, whether at the federal, state, or local or as an intergovernmental activity. Hopefully for the future the government does not have to wait for a disaster to strike for one to put a policy into place, since they have had several to occur over decades. The government should be ready to take on any disaster if it occurs with the following policies and procedures that are in place.

Recommendations for Emergency Management of Rural Major Infectious Diseases in Non-epicenter Areas:Taking Village B during COVID-19 as an Example

This paper analyzed the key issues and challenges confronted in the governance of Village B in the non-epicenter area in rural areas of China during the COVID-19 pandemic.It clarified the weak points in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in Village B.A triple emergency management mechanism of"people-materials-environment"in rural areas should be established.It came up with constructive recommendations for scientifically and effectively responding to public health emergencies in rural non-epicenter areas,which is helpful to improve the rationality,legality and scientific effectiveness of the construction of emergency response mechanisms in rural areas.

Study on Emergency Management Mechanism of Public Health Emergencies

The outbreak of SARS in 2003 opened the way of public health emergency management in China.COVID-19 which suddenly outbroke in 2019 is still raging all over the world,and emergency management mechanism of China is being tested.Efforts to improve the emergency management mechanism can provide effective institutional guarantee for the overall victory of anti epidemic and the prevention and control of public health emergencies.

Research on Government Emergency Management Strategy Based on Public Health Incidents

It is the government's basic responsibility to ensure public health safety.However,due to the influence of the environment and human beings,some public health incidents are still inevitable,endangering public health and undermining social stability.However,any public health incident is traceable,and there will be a process from latent period to outbreak.Therefore,the government needs to grasp the key points of health incidents,strengthen emergency management,and ensure social stability and public safety.

An Overview of Power System Emergency Management in China

The emergency management of power systems in China is reviewed in this paper.The current situation of emergency management is given firstly,then the organization system,warning and plan,emergency headquarter,and emergency power supply are separately discussed in theory and in practice.The advantages and disadvantages in the emergency management are also analyzed.

Construction of an intelligent patient satisfaction assessment system and its application in emergency management

Hospital emergency management work is of great importance which not only related to the life and health of the people but also related to social stability.It is necessary to construct and improve the patient satisfaction assessment system so that doctors and patients can interact in a timely and effective manner,and the hospital can alert or respond promptly.This study constructs a closed-loop emergency management system consisting of patient-end,data center and decision-making-end,and apply the feedback information to hospital emergency management.In the preliminary applications,the system has a significant effect on the hospital emergency management mechanism.The researchers will improve the system in the follow-up study。

Comparative Analysis of Social Forces Participating in Emergency Management of Public Health Events in China, Australia, Germany and the United States

Objective To provide a reference and suggestions for Chinese social forces to participate in the emergency management of public health events.Methods Through literature research method,comparative research method and SWOT matrix analysis,four aspects of prevention,early warning,response and recovery of the social forces in China,Germany,Australia and the United States participating in emergency management were studied comparatively.Results and Conclusion In the emergency management of public health events,China’s social forces play greater role in the response and recovery phase than that in the prevention and response phase.As to its shortcomings,the following suggestions are made,such as incorporating social forces into the national emergency management system,strengthening the construction and training of social forces,popularizing public health knowledge and awareness,clarifying property rights and using incentives and punishment together.

Emergency management capacity assessment for urban rail transit-an example of Beijing Metro Line 13

In order to improve the emergency management capability of urban rail transit system and reduce accidents during metro operation,an emergency management capability evaluation method combining analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)is proposed.Based on the Prevention Preparation Response Recovery(PPRR)model,factors influencing the emergency management capability of the urban rail transit system are summarized from the perspective of‘human,machine,environment and management’.Then,an emergency management capability evaluation index system containing of 20 secondary indicators is constructed in four stages:emergency prevention,emergency preparation,emergency response and emergency recovery.The weights of indicators are calculated using the AHP method,and the closeness of each indicator to the optimal solution is analysed with the TOPSIS method.Finally,take the Beijing Metro Line 13 as an example to investigate the level of emergency management capability of urban rail transit.The results show that the emergency management capability of Beijing’s urban rail transit system is‘well’,among which hazard prevention measures(0.31)and emergency response team(0.34)have a greater weight on the emergency management capability of rail transit.The model can more accurately assess the emergency management capability of urban rail transit and provide a basis for emergency management.

A Two-Stage Evolutionary Game Model for Collaborative Emergency Management Between Local Governments and Enterprises

Enterprises play a vital role in emergency management,but few studies have considered the strategy choices behind such participation or the collaborative relationship with the government.This study contended that enterprises have at least three strategies regarding emergency management:non-participation,short-term participation,and long-term participation.We constructed a two-stage evolutionary game model to explore the behavioral evolution rules and evolutionary stability strategies of the government and enterprises,and employed numerical simulation to analyze how various factors influence the strategy selection of the government and enterprises.The results show that if and only if the utility value of participation is greater than 0,an enterprise will participate in emergency management.The evolutionary game then enters the second stage,during which system stability is affected by a synergistic relationship between participation cost,reputation benefit,and government subsidies,and by an incremental relationship between emergency management benefit,government subsidies,and emergency training cost.This study provides a new theoretical perspective for research on collaborative emergency management,and the results provide important references for promoting the performance of collaborative emergency management.

A DEA-TOPSIS METHOD FOR MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

A hybrid approach of DEA （data envelopment analysis） and TOPSIS （technique for order performance （preference） by similarity to ideal solution） is proposed for multiple criteria decision analysis in emergency management. Two DEA-based optimization models are constructed to facilitate identifying parameter information regarding criterion weights and quantifying qualitative criteria in TOPSIS. An emergency management case study utilizing data from the Emergency Management Australia （EMA） Disasters Database is provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed analysis procedure.

Mixed reality emergency management:bringing virtual evacuation simulations into real-world built environments

Computer-based evacuation simulations are important tools for emergency managers.These simulations vary in complexity and include 2D and 3D GIS-based network analyses,agent-based models,and sophisticated models built on documented human behaviour and particle dynamics.Despite the influential role of built environments in determining human movement,a disconnect often exists between the features of the real world and the way they are represented within these simulation environments.The proliferation of emergency management location-aware mobile devices,along with a recent infatuation for augmented reality(AR),has resulted in new wayfinding and hazard assessment tools that bridge this gap,allowing users to visualize geospatial information superimposed on the real world.In this paper,we report research and development that has produced AR geovisual analytical systems,enabling visual analysis of human dynamics in multilevel built environments with complex thoroughfare network infrastructure.We demonstrate prototypes that show how mixed reality visual analysis of intelligent human movement simulations built in virtual spaces can become part of real space.This research introduces a fundamentally new way to view and link simulations of people with the real-world context of the built environment:mixed reality crowd simulation in real space.

Multi-hazard disaster scenario method and emergency management for urban resilience by integrating experiment-simulation-field data

Due to the frequent occurrence of multi-hazard disasters worldwide in recent years,effective multi-hazard sce-nario analysis is imperative for disaster rescue and emergency management.The response procedure for different single hazards were investigated and formulated before.However,the investigations of disaster scenario rarely systematically address the entire development and response process of multi-hazards,including the coupling mechanisms,evolution dynamics,scenario assessment and emergency response.To this end,this paper presents our methodology of multi-hazard disaster scenario that integrates experiment-simulation-field data,focusing on three dimensions consisting of multi-hazard coupling,structures and systems,and emergency management.The newly proposed scenario method mainly comprises three aspects:experiments and simulations,multi-hazard field investigation,scenario analysis and response.Specifically,in order to study the large-scale,high-intensity and multi-hazard coupling effects,we carried out reduced-scale experiments and field measurement experiments to develop experimental similarity theory and prototype simulations of multi-hazards.In addition,a variety of field rescue and survey equipment,such as robots,Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),and Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality(VR/AR)technologies were utilized to acquire real-time data of multi-hazard field.Furthermore,we also examine the mechanism and framework of multi-hazard scenarios to formulate the detailed procedures of man-agement and response.They are incorporated with the experiments,simulations,field data and models to con-struct a new scenario platform.The proposed scenario method was applied in a case study of the coupled wind and snow multi-hazard to verify its effectiveness.The new method contributes to the disaster relief,decision-making and emergency management for multi-hazard disaster to improve the urban resilience.

Virtual and augmented reality technologies for emergency management in the built environments: A state-of-the-art review

With the rapid technological advancements in recent decades,virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies have been increasingly adopted to address various challenges in emergency management in the built environments.This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art applications in this rapidly evolving area.A total of 84 relevant articles are identified based on searching in the Web of Science Core Collection and snowballing.These papers are then organized based on a taxonomy developed in this study.Next,a range of VR/AR appli-cations presented in these papers that are aimed to enhance various processes associated with pre-emergency preparedness,responses during emergency and post-emergency recovery are reviewed in detail.The existing VR/AR applications are also described from a human-computer interaction perspective.Finally,current research trends,knowledge gaps and directions for future research are discussed.The findings presented in this paper are expected to provide a synthetic and critical review of state-of-the-art VR/AR applications for emergency management in the built environment and facilitate further advancements in both research and practice in this area.

Agent-based Simulation Systems for Emergency Management

Emergencies, which are very difficult to be forecasted, would always bring about huge harm to people. Therefore, to find ways to reduce such devastating effects, researches on emergency management have turned to be paramount. Nowadays, the rapid development of computer technology has supplied a new and effective idea for the researches of emergency management, namely that the researches can be done in computers by performing simulation experiments according to the artificial societies, computational experiments, parallel execution （ACP） approach. Guided by this approach, this paper has proposed one agent-based prototype simulation system to research emergency management. Firstly, structure of the simulation system oriented to emergency management was analyzed and designed. Then a simulation system oriented to public health emergency management was constructed to study the transmission of infectious diseases. Finally, several experiments were carried out based on the system, with several significant conclusions having also been obtained.