A Method for Measurement of the Hypertrophic First Metatarsal Medial Eminence on Foot Radiographs—A Reliability Study with Surgical Implications

Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, possibly due to differences in methods in identifying and measuring the medial eminence. To date, reliability of any method of measurement has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measurement of the medial eminence on medial oblique and dorsoplantar radiographs using a previously described geometric technique. Methods: To evaluate the reliability of a method of measurement of the medial eminence of the first metatarsal duplicate standardized dorsoplantar and medial oblique radiographs were taken of one foot of 15 subjects. The feet included both rectus feet and subjects with hallux valgus. The medial eminence was measured on the digital images using Inteleviewer 2.5 (Intelerad medical systems incorporated, Montreal, Quebec) software. Observer 1 measured one randomly selected image from each subject to determine inter-observer reliability. Observer 2 measured all images to determine the overall intraobserver reliability. Reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: The mean projection of the medial eminence ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 cm in both views. The ICCs were calculated for the dorsoplantar view and the 2 medial oblique view measures between observers. They ranged from 0.76 intra-rater and 0.86 interrater in the dorsoplantar view to 0.80 intra-rater and 0.90 inter-rater in the medial oblique view indicating good reliability in all measures. The average of the 4 oblique views also showed a high level of reliability with a coefficient of 0.96. Conclusions: The medial eminence can be reliably measured in the medial oblique and dorsoplantar view using the described technique. The medial oblique and the dorsoplantar views are valuable and reliable projections for visualising the dorso medial aspect of the first metatarsal.

Central administration of Orphanin FQ inhibits GnRH secretion by ORL1 receptor in the median eminence of freely moving ovariectomized rats

Objective This study aimed to investigate the possible role of Orphanin FQ(OFQ) in the regulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) secretion. Methods The method of push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay(RIA) were adopted to examine the secretory profile of GnRH in the median eminence(ME) in freely moving ovariectomized(OVX) rats after intracerebroventricular(icv) injection of OFQ and/or [Nphe1]NC(1-13)NH2(NC13),a competitive antagonists of the opioid receptor-like 1 receptor(ORL1 recep...

Functional thenar eminence myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of thumb volar defect

This case report describes the use of a Functional Thenar Eminence myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of volar defect of distal right thumb of a 25-year-old male who sustained a twisting injury while working. Part of bone and tendon were exposed and the tip of the distal phalanx was crushed, with bony defect.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the hypothalamic median eminence during aging

Aging is a slow and progressive natural process that compromises the normal functions of cells,tissues,organs,and systems.The aging of the hypothalamic median eminence(ME),a structural gate linking neural and endocrine systems,may impair hormone release,energy homeostasis,and central sensing of circulating molecules,leading to systemic and reproductive aging.However,the molecular and cellular features of ME aging remain largely unknown.Here,we describe the transcriptional landscape of young and middleaged mouse ME at single-cell resolution,revealing the common and cell type-specific transcriptional changes with age.The transcriptional changes in cell-intrinsic programs,cell-cell crosstalk,and cellextrinsic factors highlight five molecular features of ME aging and also implicate several potentially druggable targets at cellular,signaling,and molecular levels.Importantly,our results suggest that vascular and leptomeningeal cells may lead the asynchronized aging process among diverse cell types and drive local inflammation and cellular senescence via a unique secretome.Together,our study uncovers how intrinsic and extrinsic features of each cell type in the hypothalamic ME are changed by the aging process,which will facilitate our understanding of brain aging and provide clues for efficient anti-aging intervention at the middle-aged stage.

Congenital stapes suprastructure fixation presenting with fluctuating auditory symptoms:A case report

BACKGROUND Stapes ankylosis is a rare cause of conductive hearing loss,and stapes suprastructure fixation is extremely rare with fewer than 30 reported cases.Patients usually visit the clinic with non-progressive conductive hearing loss that typically began in the early years of life.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case of a 37-year-old female with an isolated stapedial suprastructure fixation.The patient presented with unusual fluctuating auditory symptoms of tinnitus,ear fullness and mixed hearing loss.Pre-operative temporal bone computed tomography findings and operative findings revealed an isolated stapedial suprastructure fixation with monopod stapes caused by elongated pyramidal eminence.The hearing threshold recovered completely,and fluctuating auditory symptoms disappeared after the surgery.CONCLUSION This is the first report of stapedial suprastructure fixation with fluctuating auditory symptoms.Successful results are expected with surgical treatment.

Identifying grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis

Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We propose to combine triadic patent families and technology life cycle to define the grey-rhino model.Firstly,we design the indicator rhino-index Rh=ST/SP and descriptor sequence{Rh},where ST and SP are the accumulative number of triadic patent families and all patent families respectively for a specific technology.Secondly,according to the two typical features of the grey-rhino event,a grey-rhino is defined as a technology that meets both qualitative and quantitative conditions.Qualitatively,this technology has a profound influence.Quantitatively,in the emerging stage,Rh≥Rae,where Rae is the average level of the proportion of triadic patent families.Finally,this model is verified in three datasets,namely Encyclopedia Britannica’s list for the greatest inventions(EB technologies for short),MIT breakthrough technologies(MIT technologies)and Derwent Manual Code technologies(MAN technologies).Findings:The result shows that there are 64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies meeting the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model,but only 14.71%MAN technologies fit the quantitative standard.This falling trend indicates the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model is reasonable.EB technologies and MIT technologies have profound influence on society,which means they satisfy the qualitative standard of the grey-rhino model.Hence,64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies are grey-rhinos.In 14.71%MAN technologies meeting the quantitative standard,we make some qualitative judgments and deem U11-A01A,U12-A01A1A,and W01-A01A as grey-rhino technologies.In addition,grey-rhinos and non-grey-rhinos have some differences.Rh values of grey-rhinos have a downward trend,while Rh values of non-grey-rhinos have a contrary trend.Rh values of grey-rhinos are scattered relatively in the early stage and centralize gradually,but non-grey-rhinos do not have this feature.Research limitations:There are four main limitations.First,if a technology satisfies the quantitative standard of the model,it is likely to be a grey-rhino but expert judgments are necessary.Second,we don’t know why it will be eminent,which involves technical contents.Thirdly,we did not consider the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)and the German Patent and Trademark Office(DPMA)which also play important roles in worldwide patents,so we hope to expand our study to the CNIPA and the DPMA.Furthermore,we did not compare the rhino-index with other patent indicators.Practical implications:If a technology meets the quantitative standard,this can be seen as early warning signals and the technology may become a grey-rhino in the future,which can catch people’s attention in the emerging stage and make people seize the technical opportunity early.Originality/value:We define and verify a new pattern called the grey-rhino model in eminent technologies.

Dopamine as a growth differentiation factor in the mammalian brain

The catecholamine,dopamine,plays an important role in the central nervous system of mammals,including executive functions,motor control,motivation,arousal,reinforcement,and reward.Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system lead to diseases of the brains,such as Parkinson’s disease,Tourette’s syndrome,and schizophrenia.In addition to its fundamental role as a neurotransmitter,there is evidence for a role as a growth differentiation factor during development.Recent studies suggest that dopamine regulates the development ofγ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex.Moreover,in adult brains,dopamine increases the production of new neurons in the hippocampus,suggesting the promoting effect of dopamine on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the adult brains.In this mini-review,I center my attention on dopaminergic functions in the cortical interneurons during development and further discuss cell therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.

促生长素抑制素样免疫反应在大白鼠弓状核和正中隆起的超微结构分布

本文用免疫电镜方法证明:促生长素抑制素样免疫反应神经末梢分布于弓状棱并与未标记的树突形成轴树突触。在正中隆起的纤维层和栅状层内均可见上述免疫反应末梢,大多数紧贴门脉毛细血管基底膜周围甚至穿入基底膜内。免疫反应末梢尚可与未标记的末梢形成轴轴突触样结构。

Surgical treatment for a combined anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture: A case report

BACKGROUND Independent avulsion fractures with anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)or posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)attachment are relatively common among tibial intercondylar eminence fractures,and their postoperative outcomes are generally favorable.Conversely,huge avulsion fractures of the intercondylar eminence containing the attachment site of both the ACL and the PCL are extremely rare,and the reported clinical outcomes are poor.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 30-year-old Japanese male's huge avulsion fracture of the intercondylar eminence of a tibia containing the attachment site of both the ACL and PCL,together with a complete tear of the medial collateral ligament and a partial tear of both the medial and lateral menisci caused by a fall from a high place.All of these injuries were treated surgically,with anatomical reduction and stable fixation.The limb function at 1 year post-surgery was excellent(Lysholm score:100 points).CONCLUSION Although this patient's complete surgical repair was complex,it should be performed in similar cases for an excellent final clinical outcome.

谈谈室温离子液体的新进展

本文介绍了室温离子液体的独特性质，品种繁多，应用领域十分广泛，涉及学科众多。近年来，国内外研究蓬勃发展，将成为绿色化学发展的前沿。

CISG视角下的合同缔结(英文)

Ⅰ.Introduction The present topic is of eminent importance.All the beneficial efforts of the Vienna Convention are likely to remain useless if the contracts of international sales of goods governed by the CISG are poorly drafted.The Vienna Convention’s success does not only depend on the number of states which are parties to the Convention nor on the quality

An Economic Analysis of Compensation for Rural Land Expropriation

To study which method is more effective in complete compensation and zero compensation for rural land expropriation,we use economic models to analyze whether the government is benevolent and which compensation method can achieve the social optimal level.The results show that both complete compensation and zero compensation will lead to over-investment of land owners,and consequently result in loss of social welfare.

Huaitang New Nine Forms of Needles of China Start a New Era of Acupuncture Therapy

"Nine forms of needles"were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools,which were made of different stones and met-als in China,firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.).After that,except the filiform needle,the others had beenlost gradually.Fortunately,the eminent clinical acupuncturist

Huaitang New Nine Forms of Needles of China Start a New Era of Acupuncture Therapy

"Nine forms of needles"were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools,which were made of different stones and met-als in China,firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.).After that,except the filiform needle,the others had beenlost gradually.Fortunately,the eminent clinical acupuncturist inChina,world well-known scholar of acupuncture,director of theInstitute of Shanxi Huaitang Nine Forms of Needles,chief Dr Shihuaitang has developed new nine forms of needles using mordenmedicine,morden science and technologey on the basiss ofstuding on the ancient nine forms of needles,and estabished u-nique new nine forms of needles therapies.These therapies

Huaitang New Nine Forms of Needles of China Start a New Era of Acupuncture Therapy

'Nine forms of needles' were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools, Which were made of different stones and met-als in China, firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.). After that, except the filiform needle, the others had beenlost gradually. Fortunately, the eminent clinical acupuncturist inChina, world well-known scholar of acupuncture, director of theInstitute of Shanxi Huaitang Nine Forms of Needles, chief Dr Shihuaitang has developed new nine forms of needles using mordenmedicine, morden science and technologey on the basiss ofstuding on the ancient nine forms of needles, and estabished u-nique new nine forms of needles therapies. These therapies haveextended the indications of acupuncture and improved the thera-peutic effect.

Series Reports for World Eminent Ophthalmologists (Part 1) Brief Introduction on Prof. George C. Y. Chiou. PhD

Dr.George Chiou is Professor and Director of the Institute of Ocular Pharmacology and Professor of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics at Texas A&M University System Health Science Center.He has served as Head of Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology for 27.5 years until the department was reorganized in 2006.He also is an Adjunct Professor of Surgery and Ophthalmology at Texas A&M University College of Medicine,

Pulverized Coal Combustion with Enrichment and Preheating

A relatively new method of firing of pulverized-coal (p-e) with enrichment of the p-c and preheating of the primary air is proposed by one of the authors in China. It is developed on basis of the theory of combustion and is proved to be very successful in operation. Those coals, which are hard to burn, can be fired successfuly with this method of combustion. P-c burners can be easily retrofitted to this new method of combustion. The firing of such hard to burn coals can be burnt with great stability and high burn-out efficiency. Therefore, this new method of p-c firing is considered very prospective in China. It can be used widely in power stations. Its advantages in combustion and economy of operation are eminent. Patent has been granted to it by the Patent Office of China and it got good evaluation in power industry. In this article, the principle of its design and its performance arc briefly discussed.

MING DYNASTY:Honorific Titles for Tibetan Eminent Monks

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