Social Media Use and Empathy: A Mini Meta-Analysis

Concerns about the effects of social media or social networking site (SNS) use on prosocial development are increasing. The aim of the current study is to meta-analytically summarize the research to date (k = 5) about the relationship between general SNS use and two components of empathy (i.e., empathic concern and perspective-taking). Random effects meta-analyses showed that SNS use was significantly and positively related to affective empathy though only marginally related to cognitive empathy. These effects were generally small in size and do not establish causality. Future research should explore how specific behaviors are related to different forms of empathy.

Empathic Design： Cases Study of Designers Creating Empathic Phenomenons and The Dimensions of Empathic Design

Ickes （1997） has mentioned that empathy is a complex form of psychological inference in which observation, memory, knowledge, and reasoning are combined to yield insights into the thoughts and feelings of others. The phenomenon of empathy has been discussed in philosophy, aesthetics, and psychology for many years. In the beginning of the 20th century, an extensive discussion on this phenomenon has been led by European intuition phenomenologists such as Husserl, Sartre, Brunswik, and Heider, etc. It is known that the theory of its development relates to understanding human feelings and emotions. Empathic design in the design field has developed emotional design, inclusion design and universal design, etc. Empathic design is an emerging issue in the design field. What are empathic design, designing process, design methodologies, and a strategic design model？ Why is empathic design important to the creative and designing processes？ Empathic design is one of the useful ways to understand interpersonal relationships that might influence the creative and designing processes, design strategies and innovation. Empathic design that emphasizes listening to the voice from customer＇s heart and designing this into design has been proved to be something the customer really needs in brand communication messages and brand values. This paper researches, investigates and gathers the research methodologies and combines a literature review, case study, structured interviews, and grounded theory. The structured interviews comprise four designers who worked in the brand design department, including two senior designers and two junior designers. Thus, a literature review is conducted in this research to discuss the empathic design model, explore founding theories and then seek to analyze and propose a structured empathic design model. Finally, the research presents an empathic design model to explain several denominations, which are empathic communication, empathic aesthetics, empathic innovation, empathic methodologies, empathic culture and others. The design creation process from abstract ideas to concrete manifestation for reference of design students, design teaching, and design practice.

Levels of Empathy among Dental Students in Five Chilean Universities

Aim: To compare empathic levels among dental students of five Dental Faculties in Chile. Material and Methods: Empathic orientation of dental students was measured using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the Spanish version for students (S version), validated in Chile and culturally adapted to dental students. The data were compared using analysis of variance trifactorial (model III) and by a discriminant analysis. Results: It was found that differences exist between universities empathic orientation, courses, and gender. Conclusions: The results showed a great variability of empathetic guidance values on the factors studied. Discriminant test confirm the similarity and differences found among faculties from the data matrix provided by the scale used. It is not possible in this investigation to explain the variability found.

The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost or Empathic Cognition and the Role of Symbols in Comprehension of Poetry

The role of empathic cognition is very ＂great for philosophers and philosophy in general and for ordinary people. Empathic cognition gives people a chance ＂to let＂ the emotions of the Other ＂go＂ into their minds. Empathic cognition is based on so-called co-suffering and in-sensation of the feelings of the Other or Others. Clots of energy or certain energy units are formed in consciousness of each person, they are called ＂subjective representants＂. It is possible to understand the Other or Others and to decipher the main idea of the poem （if the task to work on translation is given） and to express it in the native language if to find out not only the meanings of the words but the symbols the author has used in his poem. The reader ＂goes into＂ the world of the author trying to be near the author and trying to grasp what the author felt working on the poem. There is something what gives us a possibility to enter into the world of a creative personality. This ＂something＂ is empathic cognition.

Empathic Design： A Study of Media Information Concept Design and The Virtual Home

This research tried to propose possible ways to resolve the paper over-consumption issues. The nature resources have been over used all the time. How we used the technologies to solve environmental problems has become an essential issue. How we could develop a prosperous vision for the future is even critical to solving design problems. The research methods used are literature reviews and conception design with empathy. This paper also tried to discuss various issues from different aspects. Nowadays, we have been influenced by technologies in our daily life. Even our cultures, life styles, and behavior, etc. are deeply changed. However, there are few ways we need to think what will happen in the future and how we could imagine possible ways to solve all of these problems. This research has proposed The Virtual Home （T.V.H.）, which is a way to change the mass media dissemination and information control. The T.V.H. designed with some functions is trying to centralize all kind of mass media and help save natural resources.

Empathic Design： Understanding User Experience Through Schema Changes and Innovative Design

As administration ofblogs is one of the most popular activities on the Internet currently, topics related to blogs have also become a favorite subject in daily life. Questions like what ways can be used to show end-users＇ or designers＇ internal knowledge to find out their needs, what methods can be applied to analysis of the process, etc., have not been answered yet. Therefore, how to analyze the tacit knowledge and grasp the true demand of users is one of the major issues to be solved in empathic design. The purpose of this research is to examine the difference of whether the ＂comparison table of schema changes for users at three points of time＂ was taken into consideration or not in an empathic design brainstorming meeting. The tests consist of the experimental group and the control group. The former did not refer to the comparison table; however, the latter used it for discussion. The result indicates this comparison table helped the control group significantly in presenting an ultimate blog design of innovative ideas

A Case Study on Empathic Tendency of Academicians in the Context of Interpersonal Relations

The originating of this study is to examine the empathic tendency of academicians. Having empathic tendency means it is easy to understand the feelings of the others and keeping up with the rapidly globalizing world. The research consists of screening model. The Scale of Empathic Tendency （SET）, developed by DSkmen, was used as the data collection tool in this case study. In spite of not being taught, it is true that the education, cultural surroundings play a big role for the self development. Due to the relationship between impulse and response, interpersonal relations functions as multiple dimensions, one of which leads to empathic tendency. This study aims to make a survey on lecturers since they are the ones who play an important role for the pupils to be more successful in their future career. Total field under survey is 70 lecturers： Half of them are working at State and the other half at Private Universities in Istanbul, in Turkey. In spite of not observing big statistical differences between the two group Universities, according to Mann Whitney ＂U＂ test, it is so clear that having empathic tendency as lecturers affects classroom communication as the most important factor.This is the reason for the achievement of the students in their major. Furthermore, it gives an opportunity to get through the perception view of the others. This can give the perspective view of problem solving skills.

身体力行——西点军校领导力的核心

今年7月2日,1300名来自全美各地的优秀高中毕业生走进了他们一生梦想的西点军校,并经历了一次难忘的入学仪式(R Day)。我带领第三批来自北大国际MBA的四名学员亲眼观摩了新生在西点所经历的第一个重大挑战:放弃自我,学会执行。在西点,要成为一个卓越的领导者,士官生必须首先学会服从命令。

Effects of psycho-scene-drama on empathic ability of patients with chronic schizophrenia

Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of psycho-scene drama on the empathic ability of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods:One hundred sixteen in-patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly di-vided into study and control groups(n=58 cases each).The original anti-psychotic drugs were not changed in either group.In the study group,the therapy was combined with psychological scene drama with a treatment course of 3 months.Before and after treatment,the interpersonal reaction index scale(Chinese version[IRI-C]),negative syndrome scale(SANS),social function assessment scale for patients with mental diseases(SSPI),Rosenberg self-esteem scale(SES),the emotional-social loneliness inventory(ESLI),and the Texas social behavior inventory(TSBI)were utilized for measurements.Results:A comparison of the IRI-C total,PT,FS,and EC factor scores before and after treatment in the study group was significantly different(P<0.01);the PD factor score before and after treatment was not statistically significant(P>0.05).A comparison of the IRI-C total score and each factor score before and after treatment in the control group was not significantly different(P>0.05).A comparison of the IRI-C total,PT,and EC factor scores between the study and control groups after treatment was significantly different(P<0.05).A comparison of the FS factor score between the study and control groups before and after treatment was significantly different(P<0.01);the PD factor score was not significantly different(P>0.05).A comparison of the SANS total,SSPI total,SES total,and ESLI total scores between the two groups after treatment was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion:The psycho-scene drama can improve the empathic ability of patients with chronic schizophrenia,improve the negative symptoms and social function,increase the self-esteem and self-confidence,and reduce the loneliness in social interactions.

From smart to empathic cities

This paper acknowledges the contemporary neoliberal mode of operation of Smart Cities.The pitfalls of Smart Cities concerning its propensity towards techno-centric and efficiency-focused governance are identified,with diminutive emphasis on social equity and human-centric urban growth.Thus,the paper elaborates upon an alternative mode of person-environment-interaction based approach towards placemaking:Empathic Cities.This approach implies embracing a shift from efficiency to sufficiency and wellbeing embedded regenerative perspective for conceiving the built environment.First,the variable dimensions of urban growth and governance,which gave rise to the smart city,are contextualized.The embedded neoliberal operational agenda of smart cities are established.On this basis,the underpinnings of an empathic city are established by acknowledging the shift from technocentric to human-centric and from product-based to context-based smart city and wellbeing perspectives.Strategies toward urban development are proposed,such as embracing a regenerative perspective wherein the city and its constituents need to be understood as interdependent systemic elements while embracing a human-centric and ethical approach.Additionally,a transition from efficiency to sufficiency-oriented practices and a shift towards inclusive modes of participatory governance are proposed as fundamental principles for an empathic future of the built environment.