The Empirical Studies on IT Management Effectiveness in Japan: 2000,2002 and the Future

Many corporate senior managers have not been fully convinced of successful IT management over a period of decades. In order to clarify the mechanism of IT management in companies, we conducted the surveys on IT management in 2000 and 2002. Through the surveys and analyses, we found the causal structure in IT management, developed 'IT Management Effectiveness' as a new measurement tool, published ranking lists of high scored companies, and analyzed characteristics of industry/sizes of respondents and so on. Based on the surveys and researches so far, we would suggest future works, such as comparison of Japanese companies with overseas companies, time series analyses.

Exploring the limits of complexity: A survey of empirical studies on graph visualisation

For decades,researchers in information visualisation and graph drawing have focused on developing techniques for the layout and display of very large and complex networks.Experiments involving human participants have also explored the readability of different styles of layout and representations for such networks.In both bodies of literature,networks are frequently referred to as being‘large’or‘complex’,yet these terms are relative.From a human-centred,experiment point-of-view,what constitutes‘large’(for example)depends on several factors,such as data complexity,visual complexity,and the technology used.In this paper,we survey the literature on human-centred experiments to understand how,in practice,different features and characteristics of node–link diagrams affect visual complexity.

An Empirical Assessment and Analysis of the United Nations Convention on Contracts Judicial Applicability in China

Chinese domestic legislation on the judicial applicability of international treaties has been unsettled,especially under the Civil Code,which is silent on this issue.However,previous studies have depicted an image of a“pro-CISG”attitude in Chinese legal practice,which is distinguished from the tendency to circumvent the CISG in other jurisdictions such as the U.S.This contradictory phenomenon,namely the absence of guiding norms versus the embracement of the CISG in judicial practice,is rarely discussed,especially within the context of civil codification and recent external economic challenges.To verify this paradox,a manually collected dataset of 223 court decisions from 2013 to 2023 identifies some basic characteristics of the CISG judicial applicability in China,including the application rate,legal reasoning paths,citation frequencies of specific provisions,and some qualitative observations about the judicial behaviors in the international sales dispute resolution.The main finding is that Chinese courts have been applying the CISG at an obviously higher rate,compared with both their foreign counterparts and the general rate of applying foreign law in the international civil and commercial litigations in China.To explain this gap between“law in book”and“law in action,”the context of Chinese judicial practice should be considered.Despite the vagueness of domestic legislation,the judicial policy promotion,the innovative guiding cases system,the legal transplantation,and other factors may contribute to the“pro-CISG”attitude.As for the future promotion of CISG in the Chinese style of international commercial dispute resolution,these factors may coordinate with the legislative improvements.

Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

An Empirical Study on the Differences between Overt Translation and Covert Translation in Legal

Currently,it is key to convey precise meanings to readers for translators.Observing expressing habits between different languages is the precondition to make target texts more readable.It is crucial to ensure the exactness and seriousness of legal texts,but it does not mean that translators have to take machined way to leave out and even give up transmitting in-deep cultural implications for the intention of achieving the all-inclusive integrity of target content.It is a correct choice for translators to take overt translation and covert translation in line with traits of source language and target language and differences between civil law system and common law system.The intention of the article is to make an empirical study between overt translation and covert translation.

Applying“First Principles of Instruction”as a Design Theory of the EFL Classroom:Findings from an Empirical Study

How to benefit the learners learning English as a foreign language(EFL)from the aspect of instructional design aroused the concerns of many teachers and researchers.The main purpose of this study is to address the question of how teachers can design and implement EFL classroom that benefit the learners.Specifically,the“First Principles of Instruction,”advocated by Merrill(2002),was applied by the English teachers to conduct their day-to-day pedagogical practices.The corresponding effects of this theory in designing EFL classroom activities were reported in this study.Two research questions are formulated as follows:(1)Does the“First Principles of Instruction”benefit the EFL classroom designing in the aspect of student achievement?If yes,what is the effect?(2)How do the English teachers perceive the“First Principles of Instruction”to design EFL classroom?While observing the EFL classroom activities and interviewing the college English teachers,an empirical study was done to perceive how college English teachers could best apply these principles to design EFL classroom activities.

An Empirical Study of Code Clone Clustering Based on Clone Evolution

There are lots of code clones appearing in software,which are similar code fragments with each other. In the past decades,researchers have proposed some state-of-the-art methods to detect clones. The code clones have showing some relationship with the evolution of software. In order to explore relationships between clones and their evolution,we propose a framework to cluster clones with a Fuzzy C-means clustering method.Firstly,we detect all the clones using Ni Cad,and build the clone genealogies for multiple versions software.Secondly,we extract some metrics to describe the clones and their evolution. Finally,we cluster all clone's vectors,which are generated with the different metrics for different proposes. Experimental results on six open source software packages have shown the relationships among the clone life,the number of change times,the clone pattern and et al. can help developers to understand clones.

Empirical Study on the Relationship between Income and Consumption of Rural Residents in Hebei Province

Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying the co-integration theory and Granger causality test.The result shows that there is long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the net Income per capita and consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007;the result of Granger causality test shows that the actual Income of rural residents in Hebei Province has significant impact on the actual consumption,but the impact is weakened gradually;in short term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is not so significant,but the impact will become significant gradually as time goes on.During the process of the mutual impact and function of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province,the impact of the actual income of rural residents on the actual consumption is mainly represented in short term;in middle term,the interactions between the actual Income and actual consumption are significant;in long term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is mainly displayed.According to the result,in short term the government in Hebei Province can expand consumption through increasing the income of rural residents,while in long term the government can drive the economic growth by expanding domestic demands.

Influence of Aging Trend on Consumption Rate of Rural Residents--Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Population is a basic factor that affects consumption of residents. In China,insufficient demand of residents,especially low consumption demand of rural residents,directly weakens the promotion of consumption for economic growth. This drives the study on the relationship between the aging trend and consumption of rural residents. In this paper,the current situation of population aging in China was firstly analyzed. Then a dynamic macroeconomic model was established using the cointegration theory and selecting related time series data such as per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents( Con),per capita net income of rural residents( Rev),urban-rural income gap( RU),children dependency ratio( CDR),and old-age dependency ratio( ODR),to test the correlation between variables. The results show that the decline in the children dependency ratio promotes the increase of consumption willingness of rural residents,while the rise in the old-age dependency ratio inhibits the consumption willingness of rural residents. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for guiding and promoting the consumption level of rural residents in China.

Opportunities in crisis:An empirical study on staff improvisation and enterprise innovative performance

The study develops a theoretical model to account for the effect of staff improvisation on innovation performance by theoretical analysis and literature review.Staff improvisation was defined that staff utilize immediately available resource to produce creative results,in non-routine or unexpected ways,in the case of emergency and under time pressure.Results from a sample of 213 Chinese staff support the study hypothesis,and show that staff improvisation positively affected their creative performance.Furthermore,the three sub-dimensions of improvisation,including spontaneity behavior,creativity intention and utilizing available resource,could significantly promoted firm innovation performance.The results of this research offer guidance to managers about encouraging staff improvisation.Moreover,the present paper provides directions for future research on improvisation and innovation performance.Future research is encouraged to investigate mediating and moderating factors between organization improvisation and creative performance.

An Empirical Study of Word Class Labeling of Total Reduplication Lex⁃ emes in New Century Chinese-English Dictionary ( 2nd edition)

the widely discussed study of word class categorization has a long history of more than 2000 years,which is known as the study of the“God Particles”in language.As a typical analytic language,Modern Chinese,due to its lack of morphological changes,is challenged by a thorny problem of word classes especially when it comes to the criteria for word class identification and the treat⁃ment of multiple class membership.As such,all the controversies eventually give rise to some contradiction and confusion in word class labeling in Modern Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries.As an important grammatical means in Chinese and the focus of lexicology and rhetorics,total reduplication lexemes serve as an essential part of Chinese-English dictionaries with complex and diverse word classes.Guided by the Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory,this thesis focuses on the word class labeling of total reduplication lexemes in New Century Chinese-English Dictionary(2nd edition)backed by large-scale balanced Modern Chi⁃nese corpora.With an innovative theoretical perspective,this study not only contributes to the word class labeling of total reduplica⁃tion lexemes and even sheds light on the compilation of Chinese-English dictionaries,but also drives the study of Modern Chinese word classes in the long term.

Empirical study of transpedicular screw placement assisted by digital navigation templates in the thoracic spines

Objective To investigate the accuracy and feasibility of transpedicular screw placement assisted by the navigation templates in cadaveric thoracic spines.Methods Twenty thoracic cadavers specimens were randomly divided into two

Co-Creation in the Game Industry:A Case Study in a Brazilian Developer

The objective of this work is to understand how the process of co-creation occurs within the creative industry of video games. For this, concepts of the creative industry, co-creation, information and communication technologies (ICTs) and innovation were studied. Since this is an exploratory and qualitative research, a single case study was chosen as a method. The analysis was done in a Brazilian company that develops games for mobile devices. The results show that the consumer (gamer) participates in value creation in the company’s products, mainly in the initial production stages. In the later phases, after the launch and other steps of the life cycle, although there is a relationship with the users, the joint creation of value is little explored by the organization. Also, it was verified that the co-creation process is supported by different information and communication tools, which provide agility to the process.

An Historical Overview of the Role of L1 in SLA

The study deals with the effect of native tongue in SLA(second language acquisition). As is well-known, learning a second language is a complicated process, which is affected by a series of interrelated factors. Among these factors, the native or first language of a second language learner also plays an important role. Owning to this, the study of the role of L1(the first language) in SLA is inevitable. Many studies have been carried out in this field and the results are inconclusive. The study aims at making an overview of the various conclusions of the preceded studies and each previous assertion or conclusion is supported by its corresponding empirical studies. Equally speaking, the paper is going to solve the problem that what is the exact role of native language in SLA and the personal opinion of the researcher is provided as a conclusion of this study.

基于TAM的移动支付采纳影响因素研究(英文)

This study uses TAM to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile payment in China.The proposed model is empirically evaluated based on TAM by using data collected from 370 users concerning their perceptions of mobile payment.The findings indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have significant effects on users'attitude.Furthermore,network externality is also an important factor influencing the adoption.But customers have weak perceptions of the risks of M-payment.The results may provide further insights into mobile payment strategies.

Green Measurements for Software Product Based on Sustainability Dimensions

Software is a central component in the modern world and vastly affects the environment’s sustainability.The demand for energy and resource require-ments is rising when producing hardware and software units.Literature study reveals that many studies focused on green hardware;however,limited efforts were made in the greenness of software products.Green software products are necessary to solve the issues and problems related to the long-term use of soft-ware,especially from a sustainability perspective.Without a proper mechanism for measuring the greenness of a particular software product executed in a specific environment,the mentioned benefits will not be attained.Currently,there are not enough works to address this problem,and the green status of software products is uncertain and unsure.This paper aims to identify the green measurements based on sustainable dimensions in a software product.The second objective is to reveal the relationships between the elements and measurements through empirical study.The study is conducted in two phases.Thefirst phase is the theoretical phase,where the main components,measurements and practices that influence the sustainability of a software product are identified.The second phase is the empirical study that involved 103 respondents in Malaysia investigating current practices of green software in the industrial environment and further identifying the main sustainability dimensions and measurements and their impact on achiev-ing green software products.This study has revealed seven green measurements of software product:Productivity,Usability,Cost Reduction,Employee Support,Energy Efficiency,Resource Efficiency and Tool Support.The relationships are statistically significant,with a significance level of less than 0.01(p=0.000).Thus,the hypothesised relationships were all accepted.The contributions of this study revolve around the research perspectives of the measurements to attain a green software product.

The mechanisms in treatment of acute pancreatitis by traditional Chinese medicine

As common acute abdomen, most of acute pancreatifis（AP） are self-restricted. Only a few patients may develop into worse state with local complications or organ failures, and finally neastic acute pancreatitis （NAP）. With the change of people＇s dietaries, cholelithiasis morbidity and popularization of wine in recent years, the number of AP patients has increased. Although people conducted enormous studies on pathogenesis of AP and brought forward many be valuable theories, yet the exact mechanism is still unclear by far. There are many therapies of AP which should be unexceptionally classified as operative therapy and non-operative therapy. With the increasing understanding of the disease in recent years, we found many defects of operation and good therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine in AP. Traditional Chinese medicine as an auxiliary therapy has been generally paid close attention in clinical practices. Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure-house of China. This article summarizes the main mechanisms of AP treatment by traditional Chinese medicine and the progress of laboratory studies. It aims to help people recognize the multiple-target treatment effects and conspicuous efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and promote the popularization of traditional Chinese medicine in AP treatment.

Organizational Psychology Revisited: Recent Applications of Goal-Setting Theory

Purpose:Goal Setting Theory(GST)created by Edwin Locke and Gary Latham has proven to be an incredibly versatile theory.Its widespread utilization has proven it to be a valuable theory to further explore and understand.The purpose of this paper is to examine current approaches to and practices of GST.Methodology:This systematic literature review is based on 12 recent articles using GST and examining their collective findings.The articles were a mix of theory description,quantitative experiments,empirical experiments,and literature review.Findings:Most of the reviewed literature agreed that further and more defined research would be greatly beneficial for future applications of this theory.Given the broad nature of this theory,a more defined approach would likely prove useful for future utilization.Value:Exploring the multitude of ways this theory has already been applied gives an understanding of shortcomings as well as successes.Reviewing the current available literature allows GST to be utilized in a more precise way in the future.

Forecasting technical debt evolution in software systems:an empirical study

Technical debt is considered detrimental to the long-term success of software development,but despite the numerous studies in the literature,there are still many aspects that need to be investigated for a better understanding of it.In particular,the main problems that hinder its complete understanding are the absence of a clear definition and a model for its identification,management,and forecasting.Focusing on forecasting technical debt,there is a growing notion that preventing technical debt build-up allows you to identify and address the riskiest debt items for the project before they can permanently compromise it.However,despite this high relevance,the forecast of technical debt is still little explored.To this end,this study aims to evaluate whether the quality metrics of a software system can be useful for the correct prediction of the technical debt.Therefore,the data related to the quality metrics of 8 different open-source software systems were analyzed and supplied as input to multiple machine learning algorithms to perform the prediction of the technical debt.In addition,several partitions of the initial dataset were evaluated to assess whether prediction performance could be improved by performing a data selection.The results obtained show good forecasting performance and the proposed document provides a useful approach to understanding the overall phenomenon of technical debt for practical purposes.

Exploring the coupling relationship of industrial agglomeration and low-carbon economy considering spatiotemporal differentiation:An empirical study in China’s construction machinery industry

Although China’s construction machinery thrives to meet the needs of construction,a number of challenges still remain to be overcome,such as lack of thorough knowledge of regional disparities and several limitations in terms of carbon emissions and economic development.Meanwhile,a low-carbon economy was proposed and implemented in China.This research aims to investigate the differences in industrial agglomeration of construction machineries and further explore the relationship between industrial agglomeration and low-carbon economy.On this basis,spatiotemporal analysis was performed to evaluate the levels of industrial agglomeration in different regions based on the situations of China’s construction machinery industry.Furthermore,this study explored the interaction between industrial agglomeration and low-carbon economy utilizing the coupling coordination analysis method.Results showed that the coupling coordination of the two subsystems was extremely unbalanced in 2006,and it maintained an increasing trend,reaching a relatively high level in 2018.Finally,suggestions,such as establishing a policy guarantee system and implementing variable policies in different regions,were proposed to provide guidelines for the government decision-making and promote the sustainable development of China’s construction machinery industry.