Local communities' participation in decision-making processes through planning and budgeting in African countries

Community participation and community based management are topical themes in current policy and discussion revolving around decision-making processes especially those dealing with natural resources management.This review shows that while governments have accepted the need to either cede or devolve control and management of natural resources to the local communities,the communities are not part and parcel of the planning and budgeting which are crucial in decisionmaking.Communities were seen to be more involved in the implementation of natural resource management programs but lacked ownership of the projects.This causes lack of commitment to the programs and at times hostile reaction from the communities.The communities are always at the receiving end when it pertains to losses in the exchange.Community participation was shown to be effective when the local population is involved not as co-operating users but as natural resource managers or owner managers.

Patient Participation in Communication about Treatment Decision-Making for Localized Prostate Cancer during Consultation Visits

Objectives: To describe the communication behaviors of patients and physicians and patient par-ticipation in communication about treatment decision-making during consultation visits for local-ized prostate cancer (LPCa). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from 52 men enrolled in the usual care control group of a randomized trial that focused on decision-making for newly diagnosed men with LPCa. We analyzed the patient-physician communication using the transcribed audio-recordings of real-time treatment consultations and a researcher-developed coding tool, including codes for communication behaviors (information giving, seeking, and clarifying/ verifying) and contents of clinical consultations (health histories, survival/mortality, treatment options, treatment impact, and treatment preferences). After qualitative content analysis, we categorized patient participation in communication about treatment-related clinical content, including “none” (content not discussed);“low” (patient listening only);“moderate” (patient providing information or asking questions);and “high” (patient providing information and asking questions). Results: Physicians mainly provided information during treatment decision consultations and patients frequently were not active participants in communication. The participation of patients with low and moderate cancer risk typically was: 1) “moderate and high” in discussing health histories;2) “low” in discussing survival/mortality;3) “low and moderate” in discussing treatment options;4) “none and low” in discussing treatment impacts;and 5) “low” in discussing treatment preferences. Conclusions: Findings suggest opportunities for increasing patient participation in communication about treatment decision-making for LPCa during clinical consultations.

Factors influencing the degree of participation in surgical decision-making among Chinese patients with prostate cancer:A qualitative research

Objective:There was increasingly demand of participation in surgical decision-making among Chinese patients with prostate cancer.However,due to the complex healthcare system and advanced care settings,it is quite challenging for the patients to gain sufficient support from the institute and the government.This research aimed to investigate the factors that impact the degree of participation in surgical decision-making among Chinese prostate cancer patients.Methods:A phenomenological approach of qualitative research based on the results of semi-structured interviews was adopted,to explore the influencing factors which hinder the participation in surgical decision-making.Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research were utilized.Up to 160 post-operative patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy along with 68 medical and nursing staffs,were purposively recruited in this research.This retrospective study was carried out from September 2018 to August 2019.After recording and transcribing the interviews,the interview materials were evaluated via the Colaizzi's seven step approach and the NVivo Version 10 software to analyze the interview content.Results:According to the analysis and summary of the interviews,there were three factors affecting the degree of participation in surgical decision-making.Firstly,insufficient information was provided by medical and nursing staffs because of their lack of time,proper communication skills,and career experience,as well as difficulties in the development of patient decision aid and inconsistent resource availability.Secondly,the cognitive level of decision-making among patients was relatively low due to poor psychological endurance,insufficient amount of education,senility,and less knowledge and information demand.Ultimately,decisions were constantly made by family members with/without patients.Conclusions:The degree of participation of Chinese prostate cancer patients in the surgical decision-making had much space for improvement.

Participatory Technique Supporting Environmental Management: A Systematic and Bibliometric Review

The increasing need to manage natural resources sustainably, driven by population growth, requires the simultaneous use of Participatory Techniques (PT) and landscape planning for structured decision-making. We conducted a bibliometric and systematic review to provide an overview of PT usage, identifying evolution in scientific production. We considered the number of publications and citations, prominent journals, and highly cited articles on scientific papers published in the Web of Science database between 1993 and 2023. A total of 415 articles related to PT were identified. After content evaluation, 19 critical articles were selected that underpin the growing combined use of models and indices with PT, enhancing the robustness and credibility of decision-making processes.

Shared Decision-Making after Implementation of the Chronic Care Model (CCM)—An Evaluative Approach

Background: In paternalistic models, healthcare providers’ responsibility is to decide what is best for patients. The main concern is that such models fail to respect patient autonomy and do not promote patient responsibility. Aim: To evaluate mental healthcare team members’ perceptions of their own role in encouraging elderly persons to participate in shared decision-making after implementation of the CCM. The CCM is not an explanatory theory, but an evidence-based guideline and synthesis of best available evidence. Methods: Data were collected from two teams that took part in a focus group interview, and the transcript was analysed by means of qualitative thematic analysis. Results: One overall theme emerged—Preventing the violation of human dignity based on three themes, namely, Changing understanding and attitudes, Increasing depressed elderly persons’ autonomy and Clarifying the mental healthcare team coordinator’s role and responsibility. The results of this study reveal that until recently, paternalism has been the dominant decision-making model within healthcare, without any apparent consideration of the patient perspective. Community mental healthcare can be improved by shared decision-making in which team members initiate a dialogue focusing on patient participation to prevent the violation of human dignity. However, in order to determine how best to empower the patient, team members need expert knowledge and intuition.

How Much Are Women Involved in Decision-Making in Family in Iran？

Studying the process of the decision-making in family is a necessity. The main aim of this study is to recognize the factors affecting decision-making in family. This investigation has been performed by using the survey method and 200 people were studied, emphasizing the approaches of Collins, Ingellhart, Weber, and Watt. The present study attempts to probe the role of women in power relationships in family. To analyze the data, the multivariable regression has been used. The result from the multivariable regression statistical analysis of participation in family decision-making equals R2 = .3. It can be concluded that the duration of marriage life, age, and men＇s age of marriage have affected the women＇s family participation. The comparison of regression quotient shows that marriage duration has the most share in dependent variable changes.

Patient-centered care through internal and external participation in medical rehabilitation

Patient-centeredness is one of the most important quality and outcome criteria in health care. Health care organizations are continually searching for approaches that will enable them to establish sustainable patient-centeredness in their daily practice. Existing approaches frequently focus on interaction between patient and health care professional (external participation). However, this is often not sufficient;other elements, such as good teamwork among the health care professionals (internal participation), are also essential. The model of integrated patient-centeredness differentiates between these two participations forms, both of which are explored from a patient and health care professional perspective in our study. The aim of the study was to confirm the model from the viewpoint of staff and patients. To this end we conducted a multi-center cross-sectional study consisting of a patient and staff survey to assess internal and external participation and patient-centeredness. A total of 15 rehabilitation clinics were involved, with 272 staff members and 536 patients included in the final analysis. Although evaluation was positive (mainly slightly above the middle of the scale), there was potential for improvement for both types of participation. Internal and external rating differed between patients and health care staff, with the first group assessing internal significantly better and external lower than the second group. The low to middle correlation of both types, as well as the correlation and regression with patient-centeredness, confirmed the model of integrated patient-centeredness. The model underlines the importance of both participation forms for patient-centeredness, as well as their interdependence. Further studies are needed in order to verify the impact of internal and external participation, as well as that of further possible dimensions of patient-centeredness, on clinical and functional outcome criteria.

国有股东能促进参股民营企业人力资本结构升级吗?

以我国沪深A股2011—2021年民营上市公司为对象,考察了国有股东对参股民营企业人力资本结构的影响及机制。研究发现:国有股东能够促进参股民营企业人力资本结构升级;机制与路径分析表明,提升社会地位、加强员工权益保护、增强研发意愿是国有股东改善参股企业人力资本结构的作用机制;国有股东通过挤出低学历及生产人员而优化参股民营企业的人力资本结构;这一影响具有异质性,低政府干预、要素市场发育程度能够正向调节国有参股股东的人力资本效应;经济后果检验发现,国有股东对人力资本结构的积极影响不仅在经营业绩上“做大蛋糕”,而且在要素收入分配中“分好蛋糕”而提升劳动收入份额。研究结论既丰富了混合所有制改革与人力资本升级方面的文献,又为民营企业利用国有资本优化人力资源配置提供借鉴。

青年灵活就业人员医疗保险参保契合度研究

目的:数字经济发展引致更多青年以灵活就业人员身份参与劳动,在这一背景下从保险认知角度探究提高青年灵活就业人员医疗保障有效性的方式是社会保险“精准扩面”的时代要求。方法:依据中国劳动保障科学研究院课题组关于灵活就业人员的全国调研数据,选取其中的青年群体样本,采用二项logit回归模型及PSM-logit,使用Stata 16.0进行统计分析。结果:保险认知可以提升灵活就业人员的医疗保险参保契合度,并且该影响存在性别、年龄、教育水平和就业选择方面的异质性。结论:要提高灵活就业人员参保率,实现“精准扩面”需要政府加大宣传解释力度,并以灵活的方式解决灵活就业人员参保问题。

企业管理创新“高—中—基”三层传递机制研究——TMT承诺、中层管理者支持与基层员工参与

基于意义建构与意义给赋理论逻辑,本文探究了企业管理创新“TMT承诺—中层管理者支持—基层员工参与”的传递机制;同时,依据组织学习理论,引入组织沟通开放性和外部涉入作为调节变量。利用华南地区530份二阶段跟踪调查企业问卷数据进行实证检验,得到以下结论。TMT规范/情感承诺通过“基层员工直接模仿”(自下而上)与“中层管理者间接传导”(自上而下)的双重机制影响基层员工参与,而TMT持续承诺对基层员工参与的双重影响均不显著;与情感承诺相比,TMT规范承诺通过中层促进基层员工参与的间接效应更强。组织沟通开放性、外部涉入分别正向二阶调节TMT规范/情感承诺与中层管理者支持之间的关系,且两者也正向三阶调节TMT规范/持续承诺与中层管理者支持之间的关系,但是两者对中层管理者支持与基层员工参与之间关系的二阶和三阶调节效应均不显著。研究发现进一步明确了组织内不同层级员工以及内外情境在管理创新实施过程中的重要作用,并为我国企业如何更好提升基层员工管理创新参与提供有益启示。

新媒体运用、授权型领导与员工参与的关系研究

知识经济时代下,企业外部环境剧变,企业界更加深刻地体会到了提升员工工作效能感及提升企业环境适应力的重要性。文章就企业管理者如何综合考量新媒体运用、授权型领导等因素以引导和规范企业员工参与行为进行分析,实证分析结果表明:新媒体运用正向影响沟通参与和高等参与,但新媒体运用对工作参与无显著正向影响;授权型领导各结构维度均正向影响员工参与各结构维度;授权型领导正向调节新媒体运用对沟通参与和高等参与的正向影响。

职工医保参保机制在平台就业领域的适用逻辑解构

随着平台就业大规模兴起,我国职工医保制度迎来新挑战。参保机制适用既是扩大制度覆盖范围的关键,也是促进制度高质量发展的前提。本文基于制度演进历程提炼出职工医保参保机制在不同时期的适用逻辑,并构建职工医保参保机制在平台就业领域基于“宏观—中观—微观”层面的适用性分析框架。研究发现:宏观层面,平台就业出现是经济生产方式转变和社会个体化转型加速的结果,职工医保参保机制在平台就业领域的经济基础和社会基础被削弱。中观层面,政府作为参保机制的决策与实施主体,其在平台企业主导的数字空间中信息汲取能力略显不足,由此阻碍参保政策有效实施。微观层面,企业和劳动者角色的转型导致职工医保参保缴费主体退场。因此,宏观场域脱嵌、中观政府支撑不足与微观缴费载体缺位构成了职工医保参保机制在平台就业领域不适用的深层逻辑。职工医保参保机制亟待进一步调试,以期实现针对平台就业者的应保尽保。

身份归属与医保制度分割:平台就业者参保困局及出路

数字技术在劳动领域的全方位嵌入催生出大量平台就业岗位,平台企业以突破传统的灵活用工模式吸纳了大批劳动者,但也导致平台就业者的身份归属不明。在我国城镇职工医保与城乡居民医保分设的背景下,平台就业者参保陷入困局:一方面是平台就业者参加职工医保存在困难,以职工或者灵活就业身份参保受到多重条件约束;另一方面是平台就业者参加居民医保效用不足,异地报销受限且保障待遇不充分。由此产生就医行为被扭曲、非连续参保、国家财政压力加大等负向连锁效应。医疗保险制度包容性发展是破解平台就业者参保困局的重要途径。通过创设新型参保身份,将平台就业者纳入职工医保范畴,构建多方共担缴费责任、缴费要素适用的参保方案,不断完善参保管理机制,促进医疗保险动态包容发展。

组织性体育参与对员工组织融合的影响——基于企事业单位体育的实证研究

本文将企事业单位的组织性体育参与分为组织因素和参与因素,将组织融合划分为体育群体融合和组织融合两个层次,以及信任、认同、交往三个维度,研究组织性体育参与对员工组织融合的影响。通过分析2018名企事业单位员工的问卷调查数据,发现企事业单位组织性体育具有重视不足、宣传不足、深度不足、参与不足的特征;相较于组织因素,组织性体育的参与因素对员工的群体融合以及组织融合均有直接的积极影响。组织性体育是打破员工隔离和提升组织融合的高效路径,企事业单位管理者应重视组织性体育的发展,将提升员工组织性体育的参与质量作为重点管理策略,以实现融合目标。

北京市西城区卫生系统职工对员工帮助计划参与和需求情况的调查

目的:调查北京市西城区卫生系统职工对员工帮助计划(EAP)的参与和需求情况,并制订提高职工EAP参与率的措施。方法:本研究为横断面调查,于2020年11月25日至12月4日对北京市西城区卫生健康委系统接受过EAP项目讲解的4118名职工进行匿名问卷调查。按照调查对象是否参与EAP项目分为参与组和未参与组,比较两组职工的一般人口学特征、获知EAP服务的渠道、对EAP服务的需求情况,以及未参与EAP项目的原因。结果:调查回收问卷4118份,无效问卷2份,有效问卷4116份。4116名职工对EAP项目的参与率为23.59%(971/4116)。参与组与未参与组的年龄、婚姻、文化程度、从业时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组性别、职业、职称比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。参与组获知渠道为参与EAP项目调研、已接受EAP项目服务的同事推荐、参与EAP项目启动会的占比显著高于未参与组,对EAP各项服务的需求率均高于未参与组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3145名职工未参与EAP项目的原因占前3位的依次是“不清楚如何参与EAP服务”1648名(52.40%)、“不知道西城区卫健委工会为职工提供EAP服务”1525名(48.49%)、“工作太忙,EAP的很多活动与工作冲突”1072名(34.09%)。结论:西城区卫生系统职工对EAP项目的参与率较低,且参与率受性别、职业、职称、获知渠道的影响。建议EAP工作重点关注EAP服务宣传,给不同人员提供个性化、多模块的EAP服务,以提高EAP项目参与率。

员工参与对员工忠诚度影响的实证研究

在中国文化背景下验证了员工参与的五个维度,探讨了员工参与各个维度与员工忠诚度之间的关系。数据分析结果表明,员工自身因素并不影响员工参与与忠诚度之间的相关性;公平薪酬对情感忠诚、规范忠诚和持续忠诚都有显著影响;认同及信息共享对情感忠诚和规范忠诚有显著影响。

新生代员工参与对员工满意度的影响研究

基于中国情景运用实证方法探索新生代员工参与对员工满意度的内在影响机制。研究表明,新生代员工参与管理、参与监督、参与决策对员工满意度有显著的正向影响;参与意向(参与管理意向、参与监督意向、参与决策意向)在员工参与(参与管理、参与监督、参与决策)对员工满意度的影响过程中起调节作用。基于此,企业应重视员工参与尤其是高层次的参与监督、参与决策制度建设,培养并提升员工参与意向,完善新生代员工满意度管理。

调节焦点视角下工作压力对员工创造力的影响

基于调节焦点理论,本研究探讨了促进型调节焦点在挑战性工作压力和员工创造力之间、防御型调节焦点在阻碍性工作压力和员工创造力之间所起的中介作用,并根据社会信息处理理论,进一步探究了参与型领导在此过程中的调节作用。通过对202份调查问卷进行统计分析,得出以下研究结论:(1)挑战性工作压力能够诱发员工的促进型调节焦点,阻碍性工作压力能够诱发员工的防御型调节焦点;(2)促进型调节焦点在挑战性工作压力与员工创造力之间起中介作用,即挑战性工作压力通过增强促进型调节焦点继而提高员工创造力,防御型调节焦点在阻碍性工作压力与员工创造力之间的没有起到中介作用;(3)参与型领导增强了挑战性工作压力与促进型调节焦点之间的正向关系,并在这个模型中起调节作用;(4)参与型领导削弱了阻碍性工作压力与防御型调节焦点之间的正向关系,但并没有在整个模型中起到调节作用。以上研究为"如何使员工在沉重的工作压力下提高创造力"等问题提供了一个新的解释,具有重要的理论和实践意义。

新生代员工企业民主参与及其对员工满意度的影响——与传统员工的比较

本文以广东、湖南、湖北9家企业的711名新生代员工为对象,运用相关分析和线性回归方法 ,调查分析企业民主参与现状及其对员工满意度的影响机制,并比较新生代员工与传统员工在企业民主参与方面的差异。研究发现,企业民主参与对员工满意度有显著的正向影响;与传统员工相比,新生代员工的民主参与度显著较高,但参与水平普遍停留在较低层次上,新生代员工的企业民主参与及其各个维度对员工满意度均呈现出较强的正向影响。因此,企业应重视民主管理,从民意表达、参与监督、参与管理和参与决策上积极探索和构建新生代员工企业民主参与的渠道,以提升新生代员工参与企业民主管理的水平。

影响员工参与的组织因素研究

文章验证了在中国文化背景下员工参与的五个维度,探讨了影响员工参与的一些组织因素。通过对国内185家企业的调查发现,企业性质、培训与激励计划对企业员工参与具有正向影响作用,企业规模与员工参与存在显著的负相关关系,组织年龄、组织结构对于企业员工参与影响不显著。