Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｄｙｓｐｅｐｓｉａｏｆｕｌｃｅｒｄｙｓｍｏｔｉｌｉｔｙｔｙｐｅ：ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏＺｈｏｎｇａｎｄＬＩＮＧｕＺｈｅｎＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａａｄｉｎｇｓ...

Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

Enalapril在大鼠急性心肌梗塞后对血流动力学及心室结构的影响

目的 本实验旨在观察Enalapril对心肌梗塞后大鼠血流动力学和心脏形态学的影响 ,以探讨左室重构的机制。方法 选用大鼠心肌梗塞模型 ,分为心肌梗塞组、梗塞给药组和假手术组。梗塞前 3d开始饲以Enalapril。 结果 心梗后左室重量指数及左室腔半径分别比假手术组增加 13.0 %和 2 2 .9% ,使用Enalapril后左室腔半径降低 14.1% ;心梗后LVEDP明显增加 ,使用Enalapril后LVEDP明显降低 ,亦使MAP、LVSP及±dp/dtmax降低 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论 心梗后应用Enalapril可减轻左室重构 。

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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Enalapril和Captopril对急性心肌梗塞后大鼠心脏形态学影响的比较

目的 旨在观察Enalapril和Captopril对心肌梗塞大鼠心脏形态学的影响 ,比较两药的差异 ,以探讨左室重构的机制。方法 选用大鼠心肌梗塞模型 ,分为假手术组、心肌梗塞组、梗塞给药Enalapril组和梗塞给药Captopril组 ,梗塞前 3天开始饲以Enalapril和Captopril。 结果 心梗后左室重量指数及左室腔半径分别比假手术组增加 10 .4 %和 2 4 .5% ,使用Enalapril和Captopril后左室腔半径降低 13.2 %和 12 .7% ,但两给药组无差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 心梗后应用Enalapril和Captopril可减轻左室重构 ,改善心功能 。

Enalapril和Captopril对大鼠急性心肌梗塞后血流动力学影响的比较

目的 旨在观察Enalapril和Captopril对心肌梗塞后大鼠血流动力学的影响 ,以探讨左室重构的机制 ,并比较两药的差异。方法 选用大鼠心肌梗塞模型 ,分为假手术组、心肌梗塞组、梗塞给药Enalapril组和梗塞给药Captopril组。梗塞前 3d开始饲以Enalapril和Captopril。 结果 心梗后LVEDP明显增加 ,使用Enalapril和Captopril后LVEDP明显降低 ,亦使MAP、LVSP及±dp/dtmax降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,但用药两组无差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 心梗后应用Enalapril和Captopril可改善心功能 。

依那普利联合单硝酸异山梨酯治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效观察

目的分析在慢性心力衰竭患者的临床治疗中应用依那普利联合单硝酸异山梨酯治疗的临床效果。方法80例慢性心力衰竭患者,通过双盲法分为实验组与对照组,每组40例。对照组患者接受常规治疗,实验组患者在常规治疗基础上采用单硝酸异山梨酯联合依那普利治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的心功能指标、血管内皮功能指标、炎性因子、血气分析指标及治疗效果。结果治疗后,实验组患者左室射血分数(LVEF)(46.35±3.61)%、每搏输出量(70.24±6.55)ml、心脏指数(3.35±0.33)L/(min·m^(2))高于对照组的(41.27±2.59)%、(60.21±5.19)ml、(3.05±0.34)L/(min·m^(2)),左心室舒张末径内径(LVEDD)(59.35±3.61)mm小于对照组的(64.27±3.15)mm,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,实验组患者的血清内皮素-1(ET-1)(42.15±3.61)ng/L低于对照组的(50.28±3.61)ng/L,一氧化氮(NO)(55.38±3.61)μmol/L高于对照组的(48.27±3.55)μmol/L,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均低于本组治疗前,且实验组患者IL-6(20.24±2.62)ng/L、CRP(5.21±1.06)mg/L、TNF-α(9.51±3.25)ng/L均低于对照组的(27.56±3.16)ng/L、(8.35±2.68)mg/L、(17.49±4.25)ng/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))低于本组治疗前,动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))高于本组治疗前,且实验组患者的PaCO_(2)(40.24±4.57)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)低于对照组的(48.57±4.57)mm Hg,PaO_(2)(80.59±7.27)mm Hg高于对照组的(70.27±7.29)mm Hg,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组治疗总有效率97.50%高于对照组的80.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在慢性心力衰竭患者的临床治疗中应用依那普利联合单硝酸异山梨酯治疗的效果显著,对患者的心功能指标、血管内皮功能以及炎性因子均有明显改善作用,应用价值较高,值得推广。

氨氯地平联合依那普利治疗老年高血压的疗效及对患者睡眠质量的影响

目的:分析氨氯地平联合依那普利治疗老年高血压的疗效及对患者睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2022年3月至2023年3月福建省漳州市漳浦县赤岭卫生院收治的老年高血压患者60例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例,对照组给予氨氯地平治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联用依那普利治疗,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)比较2组患者干预前后睡眠质量的变化,比较2组患者的治疗效果及并发症发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组的治疗有效率显著高于对照组,观察组PSQI评分显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:老年高血压患者采取氨氯地平联合依那普利治疗可有效提高治疗效果,改善睡眠质量,同时不会增加并发症的发生率,值得推广应用。

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

依那普利对大鼠肝纤维化治疗作用的实验研究

背景:血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)能预防肝纤维化的形成,但有关其能否有效治疗肝纤维化的报道尚较少。目的:探讨ACEI依那普利(Ena)对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的治疗作用。方法:以CCl4诱导大鼠肝实质损伤性肝纤维化模型。将大鼠随机分为4组,分别为Ena高、低剂量治疗组、模型组和对照组。Ena治疗组和模型组大鼠皮下注射40%CCl4橄榄油混合液,每3天1次,共10周;对照组注射等体积精制橄榄油。治疗组于造模第5周起(纤维隔初步形成时)予Ena灌胃,每天1次,直至造模结束。实验结束后称量大鼠体重,处死大鼠,计算肝、脾指数;HE和Masson三色染色评价肝组织炎症和纤维化程度;透射电镜观察肝细胞超微结构的变化。结果:Ena治疗组和模型组大鼠的体重均显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,Ena治疗组的肝、脾指数均显著降低(P<0.01);Ena高剂量治疗组的肝组织炎症和纤维化程度显著减轻(P<0.01),肝细胞超微结构明显改善。结论:Ena能延缓已形成的肝纤维化的进展,有明显的肝细胞保护作用,对CCl4诱导的大鼠实验性肝纤维化有良好的治疗作用。

马来酸依那普利叶酸片治疗H型高血压的临床对照研究

目的:探讨马来酸依那普利叶酸片治疗H型高血压的临床效果。方法:将136例H型高血压患者分为两组,对照组68例采用马来酸依那普利片治疗,研究组68例采用马来酸依那普利叶酸片治疗,分别于4周和8周后比较两组药物治疗后降压效果及同型半胱氨酸水平。结果:两组在治疗后4周和8周血压均有下降,但研究组下降幅度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组同型半胱氨酸水平下降幅度显著低于研究组(P<0.05),两组均未见明显不良反应(P>0.05)。结论:马来酸依那普利叶酸片治疗H型高血压,可明显控制血压,降低Hcy水平,且无明显不良反应。

依那普利防治糖尿病肾病的疗效初探

目的 :前瞻性研究依那普利对降低血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)活性 ,保护糖尿病肾病 (DN)患者的肾功能 ,阻止肾病恶化的疗效。方法 :将62例DN患者按病情、性别、年龄和病程相匹配原则分成两组。治疗组除常规口服降糖药、降压药外 ,每日口服依那普利10mg,对照组仅给予常规治疗 ;两组各31例 ,观察时间为18mo～36mo(平均26mo) ,记录并比较两组患者治疗前、后的血压、血糖及肾功能变化。结果 :治疗组血糖、血压及肾功能情况比治疗前均有显著改善 (P<0.05) ;而对照组除血压外其他项目无显著性变化。治疗组不管是否伴高血压 ,尿白蛋白排泄率 (UAER)均显著减少 (P<0.05),而对照组仅伴高血压者UAER有减少 ,但无统计学意义 (P>0.05)。结论 :依那普利能确切降低ACE活性 ,对DN患者的肾功能有保护作用 。