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Investigation of Student Nurses’Attitudes towards End-of-Life Care and Their Influencing Factors
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作者 Lei Peng Jingxian Wang +1 位作者 Jia Wang Qiangqiang Liu 《Open Journal of Nursing》 2024年第5期183-191,共9页
Background: This cross-sectional investigative study aimed to determine student nurses’ attitudes towards end-of-life care. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design with stratified sampling to survey st... Background: This cross-sectional investigative study aimed to determine student nurses’ attitudes towards end-of-life care. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design with stratified sampling to survey student nurses enrolled in one of four nursing colleges in China from January 2023 to December 2023. Student nurses’ general demographic and prior related information, attitudes towards death and attitudes towards end-of-life care were determined using a general information questionnaire, the Death Attitude Profile—Revised scale and the Professional End-of-Life Attitude Scale (PEAS), respectively. Results: The total PEAS score was 122.91 ± 16.123. Significant differences were noted in the attitude towards end-of-life care scores according to sources of end-of-life care knowledge (P Conclusions: Student nurses lacked an optimistic attitude towards end-of-life care, which was influenced by differences in the sources of end-of-life care knowledge. 展开更多
关键词 Nursing Students end-of-life Care ATTITUDE
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弹性退休制度下谁更愿意延迟退休?——基于Option Value模型的微观模拟
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作者 郭秀云 李悦心 《人口与发展》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第4期132-144,共13页
人口老龄化背景下延迟退休年龄、建立弹性退休制度是大势所趋。养老金激励是弹性退休制度的重要内容。建立期权价值模型和养老金给付及奖惩因子模型,基于中国家庭收入调查项目(CHIP2018)的数据,对不同特征人群的养老金峰值、期权价值、... 人口老龄化背景下延迟退休年龄、建立弹性退休制度是大势所趋。养老金激励是弹性退休制度的重要内容。建立期权价值模型和养老金给付及奖惩因子模型,基于中国家庭收入调查项目(CHIP2018)的数据,对不同特征人群的养老金峰值、期权价值、内部报酬率进行模拟。研究发现:养老金总财富随退休年龄“先增后减”,男性的峰值年龄早于女性;引入养老金“奖惩”机制有助于提高最优退休年龄,激励劳动者延迟退休;考虑闲暇偏好的异质性,男性参保者更倾向于早退休,而女性参保者特别是女性较高收入群体更愿意延迟退休;厌恶风险的参保者更有可能选择早退休。建议尽早建立弹性退休年龄政策体系,增加劳动者的选择权和制度灵活性;引入精算调节因子构建养老金奖惩机制,完善养老保险待遇计发办法。 展开更多
关键词 延迟退休 养老金财富 option Value模型
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基于IUV_5G Option3X架构网络规划与部署设计
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作者 卢善勇 许景渊 《中国宽带》 2024年第1期1-3,共3页
本文基于IUV_5G Option3X架构,详细阐述了5G网络的规划与部署设计过程。首先介绍了5G NSA组网架构的背景和优势,然后深入探讨了IUV_5G全网部署与优化虚拟仿真平台的功能和应用。重点描述了核心网、无线网和承载网的部署过程,包括设备部... 本文基于IUV_5G Option3X架构,详细阐述了5G网络的规划与部署设计过程。首先介绍了5G NSA组网架构的背景和优势,然后深入探讨了IUV_5G全网部署与优化虚拟仿真平台的功能和应用。重点描述了核心网、无线网和承载网的部署过程,包括设备部署、数据配置和线路连接等具体步骤。通过业务验证确认了网络部署的成功,并对5G技术的未来发展进行了展望。 展开更多
关键词 5G网络 option3X架构 NSA组网 虚拟仿真平台 核心网
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基于互信息优化的Option-Critic算法
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作者 栗军伟 刘全 徐亚鹏 《计算机科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期252-258,共7页
时序抽象作为分层强化学习的重要研究内容,允许分层强化学习智能体在不同的时间尺度上学习策略,可以有效解决深度强化学习难以处理的稀疏奖励问题。如何端到端地学习到优秀的时序抽象策略一直是分层强化学习研究面临的挑战。Option-Crit... 时序抽象作为分层强化学习的重要研究内容,允许分层强化学习智能体在不同的时间尺度上学习策略,可以有效解决深度强化学习难以处理的稀疏奖励问题。如何端到端地学习到优秀的时序抽象策略一直是分层强化学习研究面临的挑战。Option-Critic(OC)框架在Option框架的基础上,通过策略梯度理论,可以有效解决此问题。然而,在策略学习过程中,OC框架会出现Option内部策略动作分布变得十分相似的退化问题。该退化问题影响了OC框架的实验性能,导致Option的可解释性变差。为了解决上述问题,引入互信息知识作为内部奖励,并提出基于互信息优化的Option-Critic算法(Option-Critic Algorithm with Mutual Information Optimization,MIOOC)。MIOOC算法结合了近端策略Option-Critic(Proximal Policy Option-Critic,PPOC)算法,可以保证下层策略的多样性。为了验证算法的有效性,把MIOOC算法和几种常见的强化学习方法在连续实验环境中进行对比实验。实验结果表明,MIOOC算法可以加快模型学习速度,实验性能更优,Option内部策略更有区分度。 展开更多
关键词 深度强化学习 时序抽象 分层强化学习 互信息 内部奖励 option多样性
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Naturally Nitrogen-Doped Biochar Made from End-of-Life Wood Panels for SO_(2) Gas Depollution
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作者 Hamdi Hachicha Mamadou Dia +3 位作者 Hassine Bouafif Ahmed Koubaa Mohamed Khlif Flavia Lega Braghiroli 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 EI 2023年第11期3807-3829,共23页
Reconstituted wood panels have several advantages in terms of ease of manufacturing,but their shorter life span results in a huge amount of reconstituted wood panels being discarded in sorting centers yearly.Currently... Reconstituted wood panels have several advantages in terms of ease of manufacturing,but their shorter life span results in a huge amount of reconstituted wood panels being discarded in sorting centers yearly.Currently,the most common approach for dealing with this waste is incineration.In this study,reconstituted wood panels were converted into activated biochar through a two-step thermochemical process:(i)biochar production using pilot scale fast pyrolysis at 250 kg/h and 450℃;and(ii)a physical activation at three temperatures(750℃,850℃ and 950℃)using an in-house activation furnace(1 kg/h).Results showed that the first stage removed about 66% of the nitrogen from the wood panels in the form of NO,NH3,and trimethylamine,which were detected in small amounts compared to emitted CO_(2).Compared to other types of thermochemical conversion methods(e.g.,slow pyrolysis),isocyanic acid and hydrogen cyanide were not detected in this study.The second stage produced activated biochar with a specific surface area of up to 865 m^(2)/g at 950℃.The volatile gases generated during activation were predominantly composed of toluene and benzene.This two-step process resulted in nitrogen-rich carbon in the form of pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen.Activated biochars were then evaluated for their SO_(2) retention performance and showed an excellent adsorption capacity of up to 2140 mg/g compared to 65 mg/g for a commercial activated carbon(889 m^(2)/g).End-of-life reconstituted wood panels and SO_(2) gas are problematic issues in Canada where the economy largely revolves around forestry and mining industries. 展开更多
关键词 end-of-life wood panels PYROLYSIS activation biochar and activated biochar N-doped carbons SO_(2)removal
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Learning from the Film “Mitorishi (Transition Doula)”—Application to Understanding the End-of-Life in a Gerontological Nursing Practice Course in Japan
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作者 Testuko Takaoka Atsuko Hatsumi +2 位作者 Miho Sugawara Yumi Takenouchi Sugako Fujinaga 《Open Journal of Nursing》 2023年第5期233-248,共16页
Purpose: This study aims to detail what nursing students learned from watching the film “Mitorishi”, which was used among the teaching materials in a gerontological nursing practice course in nursing education in Ja... Purpose: This study aims to detail what nursing students learned from watching the film “Mitorishi”, which was used among the teaching materials in a gerontological nursing practice course in nursing education in Japan, and demonstrate the applicability of using the film as an element relevant to the teaching of end-of-life care in Japan. Methods: The participants were fourth-year nursing students at University A who had watched the film “Mitorishi” during the course, had submitted a report on what they learned, and provided informed consent to the study participation. The reports submitted by the participants were used as data and analyzed qualitatively using the content analysis approach. Results: The analysis identified the following five categories (number of codes): Characteristics of life during the final days (9), Importance of views on life and death (3), Importance of end-of-life care (3), Assistance in preparation for the final days of life (13), and Understanding the profession of transition doula (9). Discussion: The five categories show that the students have learned about the “role of nurses at the time of end-of-life care” while “visualizing end-of-life care” and learning “preparedness for end-of-life care”. These findings suggest that using the film “Mitorishi” in the teaching curriculum is effective for learning about end-of-life care for older people. 展开更多
关键词 end-of-life Care Nursing Students Basic Nursing Education Transition Doula
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Pricing Catastrophe Options with Credit Risk in a Regime-Switching Model
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作者 XU Yajuan WANG Guojing 《应用概率统计》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期572-587,共16页
In this paper,we consider the price of catastrophe options with credit risk in a regime-switching model.We assume that the macroeconomic states are described by a continuous-time Markov chain with a finite state space... In this paper,we consider the price of catastrophe options with credit risk in a regime-switching model.We assume that the macroeconomic states are described by a continuous-time Markov chain with a finite state space.By using the measure change technique,we derive the price expressions of catastrophe put options.Moreover,we conduct some numerical analysis to demonstrate how the parameters of the model affect the price of the catastrophe put option. 展开更多
关键词 PRICING catastrophe option credit risk REGIME-SWITCHING measure change
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Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger
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作者 Nouhou Salifou Jangorzo Maud Loireau +3 位作者 Abou-Soufianou Sadda Ousmane Sami Mari Abdoul-Aziz Saïdou Hassane Bil-Assanou Issoufou 《International Journal of Geosciences》 CAS 2024年第3期270-301,共32页
Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view ... Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development. 展开更多
关键词 NIGER option by Context Local Condition Complex System Multiscale Conceptual Modeling
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Research on Value Evaluation Method of Investment Project Based on Fuzzy Composite Real Options
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作者 Huanyu Li 《Economics World》 2024年第1期24-34,共11页
Venture capital investments are characterized by high input,high yield,and high risk.Due to the complexity of the market environment,stage-by-stage investment is becoming increasingly important.Traditional evaluation ... Venture capital investments are characterized by high input,high yield,and high risk.Due to the complexity of the market environment,stage-by-stage investment is becoming increasingly important.Traditional evaluation methods like comparison,proportion,maturity,internal rate of return,scenario analysis,decision trees,and net present value cannot fully consider the uncertainty and stage characteristics of the project.The fuzzy real options method addresses this by combining real option theory,fuzzy number theory,and composite option theory to provide a more accurate and objective evaluation of Public-Private Partnership(PPP)projects.It effectively considers the interaction of options and the ambiguity of project parameters,making it a valuable tool for project evaluation in the context of venture capital investment. 展开更多
关键词 real option fuzzy method Geske composite option
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Individualized Aromatherapy in End-of-Life Cancer Patients Care:A Case Report 被引量:3
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作者 Qian Liu Xiaohong Ning Lei Wang 《Chinese Medical Sciences Journal》 CAS CSCD 2018年第4期234-239,共6页
As one of the methods of palliative care,aromatherapy has been applied gradually in clinical nursing work in China in recent years.Through aromatherapy,terminal cancer patients can get not only relieves of physical sy... As one of the methods of palliative care,aromatherapy has been applied gradually in clinical nursing work in China in recent years.Through aromatherapy,terminal cancer patients can get not only relieves of physical symptoms,but also spiritual relaxation and peace,thus have improved quality of life at the end stage.In this paper,we report in detail about how aromatherapy was applied for symptom control in a cancer patient with unknown primary malignancy and multiple metastasis and its effects on the terminal life of this patient. 展开更多
关键词 AROMATHERAPY ESSENTIAL oil PALLIATIVE CARE end-of-life cancer
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Activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO–Al_2O_3–SiO_2 slag and their application to the recycling of Ni–Co–Fe-based end-of-life superalloys via remelting 被引量:2
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作者 Xin Lu Takahiro Miki Tetsuya Nagasaka 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第1期25-36,共12页
To design optimal pyrometallurgical processes for nickel and cobalt recycling, and more particularly for the end-of-life process of Ni-Co-Fe-based end-of-life(EoL) superalloys, knowledge of their activity coefficien... To design optimal pyrometallurgical processes for nickel and cobalt recycling, and more particularly for the end-of-life process of Ni-Co-Fe-based end-of-life(EoL) superalloys, knowledge of their activity coefficients in slags is essential. In this study, the activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 slag, a candidate slag used for the EoL superalloy remelting process, were measured using gas/slag/metal equilibrium experiments. These activity coefficients were then used to consider the recycling efficiency of nickel and cobalt by remelting EoL superalloys using CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 slag. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 slag both show a positive deviation from Raoult's law, with values that vary from 1 to 5 depending on the change in basicity. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO peak in the slag with a composition near B =(%CaO)/(%SiO_2) = 1, where B is the basicity. We observed that controlling the slag composition at approximately B = 1 effectively reduces the cobalt and nickel oxidation losses and promotes the oxidation removal of iron during the remelting process of EoL superalloys. 展开更多
关键词 RECYCLING nickel cobalt end-of-life SUPERALLOYS activity coefficients REMELTING SLAG
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Living Conditions and Palliative Care Needs among End-of-Life Former Commercial Plasma Donors Affected with HIV/AIDS in Rural Henan of China 被引量:3
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作者 Yu SHENG ZE-QI QIU +2 位作者 YUN HE NAOMI JUNIPER YAN ZHANG 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第4期279-286,共8页
Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palli... Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palliative care of end-of-life PLWHA in rural Henan. Methods One hundred end-of-life AIDS patients were selected from Weishi, Zhenping and Tanghe counties in Henan, using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization Quality of Life for HIV (WHOQOL-HIV) BREF Chinese Version was used to measure the quality of life and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) was employed to measure subjective welfare. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to learn about the palliative care provided and the specific needs of the end-of-life patients. Results Patients’ overall quality of life was moderate (12.62±1.97). Highest scores were in the spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, higher than the average scores in the Chinese population (P0.01), while psychological (13.58±2.06) and environment (12.50±3.28) domain scores were similar to the latter (P0.05). Both independence (12.15±2.15) and physiological (14.04±3.16) domain scores were lower than the average of the people living with HIV/AIDS in other studies (P0.01); however, all were in the moderate range. The average MUNSH score was 21.00±6.20, which was also moderate. The in-depth interviews indicated that the Henan Provincial Government’s policy of treatment and care had a beneficial impact on end-of-life AIDS patients, although the care components could be improved. Conclusions Living conditions of the end-of-life AIDS patients were moderate, and the HIV/AIDS palliative care model used was beneficial to them. Care could be improved by assisting the family unit as a whole. 展开更多
关键词 Living conditions People living with HIV/ AIDS PLWHA end-of-life China Plasma donors
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Investigation on end-of-life electric and electronic equipment recycling and disposal system in China: legislation, education and dissemination 被引量:1
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作者 陈铭 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2005年第S2期148-152,共5页
The Chinese obsolete electric and electronic equipments (EEE) recycling and disposal system on the point of view of legislation, education and dissemination were discussed, because of the highly increasing volume of e... The Chinese obsolete electric and electronic equipments (EEE) recycling and disposal system on the point of view of legislation, education and dissemination were discussed, because of the highly increasing volume of electric and electronic products and that of its obsoletes today in China. The legislations and responsibilities of go- vernment, industry and consumer were discussed based on the balance of benefit and responsibility depending on the realization of their benefits in the whole life cycle of products and its status in the whole value chain. Not only the legislation and establishment of the so called “compulsory discarding system” will be a possible and effective solution to the difficulty of the obsolete collection and recycling for obsolete electric and electronic reclaiming industry, but also the education and dissemination. Education and dissemination were discussed as an important role which will emphasize the adjusting of policy and law on the development of electric and electronic industry production and its reclaiming. The education of stockholders’ environmental responsibility and the advocating of responsibility sharing should be implement for industry and consumer. Chinese EEE industry should emphasize the control of natural source, and should implement the environmental benign design in their production, such as design for dismantling, no dismantling, thermal treatment and green design. The perspectives for the way to advocate a harmonic society for Chinese people were described. 展开更多
关键词 end-of-life EEE LEGISLATION EDUCATION RECYCLING
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A model for end-of-life vehicles management based on green manufacturing 被引量:2
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作者 Aman CHITRAKAR 《Journal of Chongqing University》 CAS 2006年第1期1-7,共7页
Like any industrial product, the vehicles also do have end of their service lives and ultimately result in end-of-life vehicle (ELV) at a certain stage of the vehicle life. The concern of this paper is to make a gener... Like any industrial product, the vehicles also do have end of their service lives and ultimately result in end-of-life vehicle (ELV) at a certain stage of the vehicle life. The concern of this paper is to make a general review on ELV management process and present a model for ELV management on the basis of green manufacturing so as to reduce the environmental impact and minimize the resources loss due to the ELVs. The various phases of vehicle life cycle starting from design, manufacturing and utilization, occurrence of ELV and then the storage, depollution, dismantling and finally the shredding and post shredder material processing phases of ELV for the resources recovery, all of these phases need to be considered to give totality to the model, which makes end-of-life vehicles management more benign for environment, and more efficient for the usage of resources. 展开更多
关键词 end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) environmental impact resource loss green manufacturing
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End-of-life care in a cardiology department: have we improved? 被引量:1
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作者 Juan Rulz-Garcia Pablo Dlez-Villanueva +5 位作者 Ana Ayesta Vanessa Brufia Lourdes M Figueiras-Graillet Laura Gallego-Parra Francisco Fernandez-Aviles Manuel Martinez-Selles 《Journal of Geriatric Cardiology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第7期587-592,共6页
Background End-of-life care is not usually a priority in cardiology departments. We sought to evaluate the changes in end-of-life care after the introduction of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order protocol. Methods & ... Background End-of-life care is not usually a priority in cardiology departments. We sought to evaluate the changes in end-of-life care after the introduction of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order protocol. Methods & Results Retrospective analysis of all deaths in a cardiology department in two periods, before and after the introduction of the protocol. Comparison of demographic characteristics, use of DNR orders, and end-of-life care issues between both periods, according to the presence in the second period of the new DNR sheet (Group A), a conven- tional DNR order (Group B) or the absence of any DNR order (Group C). The number of deaths was similar in both periods (n = 198 vs. n = 197). The rate of patients dying with a DNR order increased significantly (57.1% vs. 68.5%; P = 0.02). Only 4% of patients in both periods were aware of the decision taken about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Patients in Group A received the DNR order one day earlier, and 24.5% received it within the first 24 h of admission (vs. 2.6% in the first period; P 〈 0.001). All patients in Group A with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) had shock therapies deactivated (vs. 25.0% in the first period; P = 0.02). Conclusions The introduction of a DNR order protocol may improve end-of-life care in cardiac patients by increasing the use and shortening the time of registration of DNR orders. It may also contribute to increase ICD deactivation in patients with these orders in place. However, the introduction of the sheet in late stages of the disease failed to improve patient participation. 展开更多
关键词 CARDIOLOGY Cardiopulmonary resuscitation end-of-life Palliative care
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Economy Analysis of a Recycle Model of End-of-Life Vehicle 被引量:1
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作者 QIN Ye(秦晔) +5 位作者 WANG Xiang(王翔) CHEN Ming(陈铭) WANG Cheng-tao(王成焘) 《Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)》 EI 2005年第4期413-416,423,共5页
In order to evaluate recycle economy of end-of-life vehicles quantitatively,an economy model based on a recycle model of end-of-life vehicles and recycle cost analysis. With a practical example of recycling engines of... In order to evaluate recycle economy of end-of-life vehicles quantitatively,an economy model based on a recycle model of end-of-life vehicles and recycle cost analysis. With a practical example of recycling engines of end-of-life vehicles ,the validity of the recycle economy model and good recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle engine were justified. It is concluded that ① remanufacture-ability of the part or component of the vehicles; ② the organization and management level of a recycle corporation; ③ policies and regulations of the government are crucial factors to raise the recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle. 展开更多
关键词 end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycle model economy model remanufacture-ability
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End-of-life vehicle recycling based on disassembly
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作者 王翔 秦晔 +1 位作者 陈铭 王成焘 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2005年第S2期153-156,共4页
The end-of-life vehicle recycling was studied based on the disassembly. The end-of-life recycling and the disassembly were reviewed and discussed. A disassembly experiment of an end-of-life engine was carried out, whi... The end-of-life vehicle recycling was studied based on the disassembly. The end-of-life recycling and the disassembly were reviewed and discussed. A disassembly experiment of an end-of-life engine was carried out, which strictly recorded the process of dismantling. Based on the results, a model of the end-of-life recycling was presented. In this model, the end-of-life parts were classified by three ways which included to recycle directly, to recycle after remanufacturing and to discard. By using this model, the dismantling efficiency and the recycling rate can be improved. Also, it obtains a good result after used in a dismantling factory. 展开更多
关键词 end-of-life VEHICLE RECYCLING DISASSEMBLY
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End-of-life vehicles processing,towards a thermal treatment of auto shredder residue
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作者 Thomas Baranger CHEN Ming WANG Lu 《机电工程》 CAS 2011年第4期385-391,共7页
All over the world,the management of End-of-life Vehicles(ELV) and Automobile Shredder Residue(ASR) is an increasing issue for the car industry.The setting up of several environmental directives,among others the notio... All over the world,the management of End-of-life Vehicles(ELV) and Automobile Shredder Residue(ASR) is an increasing issue for the car industry.The setting up of several environmental directives,among others the notion of extended producer responsibility,encourage car manufacturers to find alternatives solutions to waste disposal.For 2017,China aims for the recyclability and energy recovery of 95% of total weight of used cars,and in order to reach this rate,the development of some ASR thermal processes could be envisaged.With this research,an overview of ELV management was given and the different solutions about ASR thermal treatment were presented.It is showed that in spite of its big heterogeneity,the high heating value of ASR makes pyrolysis and gasification very interesting,compared to incineration or disposal of in landfills. 展开更多
关键词 end-of-life vehicles automobile shredder residue RECYCLING thermal treatment GASIFICATION PYROLYSIS
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A conceptual analysis of the meaning of comfort at the end-of-life using the Walker and Avant(2014)Framework
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作者 Yong-Chao Hou Fiona Timmins +1 位作者 Qian Zhou Ju-Zi Wang 《Frontiers of Nursing》 2021年第2期91-97,共7页
Objective:The aim of the authors is to clarify the concept of comfort at the end-of-life in order to support understandings of fundamental nursing care needed at this stage of healthcare.Methods:The Walker and Avant f... Objective:The aim of the authors is to clarify the concept of comfort at the end-of-life in order to support understandings of fundamental nursing care needed at this stage of healthcare.Methods:The Walker and Avant framework was applied to develop a deeper understanding of the concept of comfort at the end of life.Results:Five defining attributes of comfort in the end-of-life were identified and they are having a peaceful home-life environment,trust and consolation,proximity and social-cultural support,alleviation of suffering,and a process of integrated intervention by nurses.Conclusions:At the end-of-life patients commonly experience physical,psychological,social-cultural,and environmental discomfort.Patients’families also encounter significant challenges.However,their comfort needs are often secondary to that of the patient.Additionally,a lack of clarity exists regarding the holistic meaning of comfort at the end-of-life,which can largely be confined to understandings of physical comfort for the patient,with a limited understanding of addressing family/caregivers’needs.Therefore,this concept analysis may provide some guidance in this regard and also provides support toward a more integrated understanding of the concept. 展开更多
关键词 COMFORT end-of-life care concept analysis DEATH DYING
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Nurses towards End-of-Life Situations: Sympathy vs. Empathy
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作者 Jefferson Garcia Guerrero 《Open Journal of Nursing》 2019年第3期278-293,共16页
Background: Nurses providing end-of-life care play an important role in providing support to both the patient and his/her family during one of their most difficult time. Patients in this stage do not only require phys... Background: Nurses providing end-of-life care play an important role in providing support to both the patient and his/her family during one of their most difficult time. Patients in this stage do not only require physical care but emotional support as well. Aside from being a care provider, nurses should be able to utilize their knowledge in therapeutic communication in order for the patients and his/her family members to verbalize their feelings and concerns. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify whether nurses project sympathy or empathy while providing end-of-life care. It also aims to determine their lived experiences while proving care at this stage. Methodology: This study utilized the mixed convergent parallel design wherein both the quantitative research and qualitative research were employed. Result and Discussion: A factor analysis was conducted on 12 items with maximum likelihood extraction method and oblique (Promax) rotation method. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure verified the sampling adequacy for the analysis, KMO = 0.792 (“meritorious” according to Kaiser (1974)). Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ2 (66) = 1007.294, p α = 0.881, sympathy α = 0.804, and cognitive empathy α = 0.728). Correlations among the factors were r = 0.315 for affective empathy and sympathy, r = 0.295 for sympathy and cognitive empathy, and r = 0.356 for affective empathy and cognitive empathy. Emergent key themes and subthemes are based on participants’ responses. The key themes are heart-touching moments of nurses in providing end-of-life care, challenges encountered by nurses in providing end-of-life care and adaptive strategies used by nurses to the challenges they face in providing end-of-life care. Conclusion: Most nurses during end-of-life care express affective empathy, followed by sympathy and lastly cognitive empathy. Nurses are encouraged to show and practice affective and cognitive empathy rather than using sympathy in caring patient and dealing with family member in the end-of-life situations. Despite the challenges that nurses faced, they are able to provide quality care by utilizing several adaptive strategies such as listening and understanding, showing empathy, providing holistic care, being spiritual and being aware of the role as caregiver. 展开更多
关键词 SYMPATHY EMPATHY end-of-life CARE CHALLENGES Adaptive Strategies
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