BACKGROUND Endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs),which arise primarily in children and adolescents,account for 20%of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors,but constitute only 1%of all ovarian malignancies.Treatment of ESTs consi...BACKGROUND Endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs),which arise primarily in children and adolescents,account for 20%of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors,but constitute only 1%of all ovarian malignancies.Treatment of ESTs consists of surgical staging with fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY A 15-year-old nulliparous patient was diagnosed with disseminated ovarian ESTs after laparoscopic unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy using uncontained power morcellation for treatment of a ruptured solid adnexal mass in another hospital.Exploratory laparotomy;total abdominal hysterectomy,right salpingooophorectomy,and lymphadenectomy were performed with optimal debulking,and surgical stage 3C was assigned to the patient.CONCLUSION In 2014,the Food and Drug Administration noted that power morcellation was probably associated with a risk of disseminating suspected cancerous tissue.Furthermore,the use of power morcellation to remove solid adnexal mass is considered a contraindication because of the potential for a malignant tumor.This case report aims to warn of the dangers of using uncontained power morcellation to treat solid adnexal masses.展开更多
Objective To clarify the clinical features,therapeutic method and outcomes of the primary endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs)in the posterior cranial fossa.Methods The English literatures on EST in the posterior cranial fos...Objective To clarify the clinical features,therapeutic method and outcomes of the primary endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs)in the posterior cranial fossa.Methods The English literatures on EST in the posterior cranial fossa were retrieved from PubMed and reviewed.And a 4-year-old boy diagnosed with EST in our hospital was reported.The clinical manifestations,therapy,pathologic features,and prognosis of these cases were analyzed.Results Only seven cases of the ESTs in the posterior cranial fossa were enrolled in this review,including six cases searched from the PubMed and one case from our hospital.Six patients were boy and one patient’s gender was not available from the report.Ages ranged from 1 to 5 years(mean 3.14 years).The mean tumor size in our cohort was 4.4 cm.Six cases came from East Asia.Schiller-Duval bodies were found in all seven neoplasms.All tumors were positive for alpha-fetoprotein.The alpha-fetoprotein level in serum was increased to a very high level before therapy and depressed quickly after the effective chemotherapy.The mean follow-up time was 24.4 months(range 5-52 months).Six tumors were totally removed,and four of them recurred.Three cases died including one whose tumor was partially removed.Conclusions The serum alpha-fetoprotein level is well correlated with the severity of the tumor.A combination of operation and chemotherapy might be the effective management for EST in the posterior cranial fossa.The prognosis of extragonadal intracranial EST is poor.展开更多
Case Report An female infant patient, aged 8 months old, suffered from irregular colporrhagia for a period of 1 month after which she was taken to our hospital on 30th April, 2003. A pelvic CT
A 10-year-old boy appeared with a headache, mainly in the forehead, and with lethargy at noon on November 10, 2004. He reported discontinuous gas pains, no nausea, no vomiting and no blurred vision. He thought that he...A 10-year-old boy appeared with a headache, mainly in the forehead, and with lethargy at noon on November 10, 2004. He reported discontinuous gas pains, no nausea, no vomiting and no blurred vision. He thought that he had a "common cold", but treatment for展开更多
Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)to defined lineages,in combination with 3D organoid technology,have facilitated the generation of variou...Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)to defined lineages,in combination with 3D organoid technology,have facilitated the generation of various endoderm-derived organoids for in vitro modeling of human gastrointestinal development and associated diseases.In this review,we discuss current state-ofthe-art strategies for generating hPSC-derived endodermal organoids including stomach,liver,pancreatic,small intestine,and colonic organoids.We also review the advantages of using this system to model various human diseases and evaluate the shortcomings of this technology.Finally,we emphasize how other technologies,such as genome editing and bioengineering,can be incorporated into the 3D hPSC-organoid models to generate even more robust and powerful platforms for understanding human organ development and disease modeling.展开更多
Mutations of integrin-interacting protein Kindlin-1 cause Kindler syndrome and deregulation of Kindlin-1 is implicated in human cancers. The Kindlin-1-related diseases are confined in limited tissue types. However, Ki...Mutations of integrin-interacting protein Kindlin-1 cause Kindler syndrome and deregulation of Kindlin-1 is implicated in human cancers. The Kindlin-1-related diseases are confined in limited tissue types. However, Kindlin-1 tissue distribution and the dogma that governs Kindlin-1 expression in normal human body are elusive. This study examined Kindlin-1 expression in normal human adult organs, human and mouse embryonic organs by immunohistochemical analyses. We identified a general principle that the level of Kindlin-1 expression in tissues is tightly correlated with the corresponding germ layers from which these tissues originate. We compared the expression of Kindlin-1 with Kindlin-2 and found that Kindlin-1 is highly expressed in epithelial tissues derived from ectoderm and endoderm, whereas Kindlin-2 is mainly expressed in mesoderm-derived tissues. Likewise, Kindlin-1 was also found highly expressed in endoderm/ectoderm-derived tissues in human and mouse embryos. Our findings indicate that Kindlin-1 may play an importance role in the development of endoderm/ectoderm related tissues.展开更多
Heart formation commences from a single heart tube,which fuses from bilateral primordial heart fields.The developing heart tube is composed of outer-layer myocardial cells and inner-layer endocardial cells.Several dis...Heart formation commences from a single heart tube,which fuses from bilateral primordial heart fields.The developing heart tube is composed of outer-layer myocardial cells and inner-layer endocardial cells.Several distinct populations of precardiac cells contribute to cardiac morphogenesis.However,it still remains not very clear about the lineage of endocardium at gastrulation stage.Thereby,this study focused on ascertaining the correlation between the hypoblast in gastrulation and endocardium during cardiogenesis.Firstly,the fusing heart tube morphologically is closed to endoderm-derived pharynx floor,implying the possibility that pharynx floor might be wrapped into the formation of endoderm.Secondly,HNK1 is expressed in hypoblast strongly at gastrula stage and subsequently appeared in endocardium of cardiogenesis.Moreover,fate map data displayed that DiI labeled hypoblast was also present in endocardium later on.One more evidence is chick-quail chimera of hypoblast transplantation,in which quail-hypoblast derivative could be identified inendocardium of cardiogenesis by QCPN antibody.In sum,our current data suggests that endoderm in gastrula contribute at least partly to the formation of endocardium of cardiogenesis.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs),which arise primarily in children and adolescents,account for 20%of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors,but constitute only 1%of all ovarian malignancies.Treatment of ESTs consists of surgical staging with fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY A 15-year-old nulliparous patient was diagnosed with disseminated ovarian ESTs after laparoscopic unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy using uncontained power morcellation for treatment of a ruptured solid adnexal mass in another hospital.Exploratory laparotomy;total abdominal hysterectomy,right salpingooophorectomy,and lymphadenectomy were performed with optimal debulking,and surgical stage 3C was assigned to the patient.CONCLUSION In 2014,the Food and Drug Administration noted that power morcellation was probably associated with a risk of disseminating suspected cancerous tissue.Furthermore,the use of power morcellation to remove solid adnexal mass is considered a contraindication because of the potential for a malignant tumor.This case report aims to warn of the dangers of using uncontained power morcellation to treat solid adnexal masses.
文摘Objective To clarify the clinical features,therapeutic method and outcomes of the primary endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs)in the posterior cranial fossa.Methods The English literatures on EST in the posterior cranial fossa were retrieved from PubMed and reviewed.And a 4-year-old boy diagnosed with EST in our hospital was reported.The clinical manifestations,therapy,pathologic features,and prognosis of these cases were analyzed.Results Only seven cases of the ESTs in the posterior cranial fossa were enrolled in this review,including six cases searched from the PubMed and one case from our hospital.Six patients were boy and one patient’s gender was not available from the report.Ages ranged from 1 to 5 years(mean 3.14 years).The mean tumor size in our cohort was 4.4 cm.Six cases came from East Asia.Schiller-Duval bodies were found in all seven neoplasms.All tumors were positive for alpha-fetoprotein.The alpha-fetoprotein level in serum was increased to a very high level before therapy and depressed quickly after the effective chemotherapy.The mean follow-up time was 24.4 months(range 5-52 months).Six tumors were totally removed,and four of them recurred.Three cases died including one whose tumor was partially removed.Conclusions The serum alpha-fetoprotein level is well correlated with the severity of the tumor.A combination of operation and chemotherapy might be the effective management for EST in the posterior cranial fossa.The prognosis of extragonadal intracranial EST is poor.
文摘Case Report An female infant patient, aged 8 months old, suffered from irregular colporrhagia for a period of 1 month after which she was taken to our hospital on 30th April, 2003. A pelvic CT
文摘A 10-year-old boy appeared with a headache, mainly in the forehead, and with lethargy at noon on November 10, 2004. He reported discontinuous gas pains, no nausea, no vomiting and no blurred vision. He thought that he had a "common cold", but treatment for
文摘Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)to defined lineages,in combination with 3D organoid technology,have facilitated the generation of various endoderm-derived organoids for in vitro modeling of human gastrointestinal development and associated diseases.In this review,we discuss current state-ofthe-art strategies for generating hPSC-derived endodermal organoids including stomach,liver,pancreatic,small intestine,and colonic organoids.We also review the advantages of using this system to model various human diseases and evaluate the shortcomings of this technology.Finally,we emphasize how other technologies,such as genome editing and bioengineering,can be incorporated into the 3D hPSC-organoid models to generate even more robust and powerful platforms for understanding human organ development and disease modeling.
基金Acknowledgements We thank Drs Alex Schier and Susan Mango （Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA） for discussion and suggestions, Dr David Kimelman （Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA） for myc-eomesa construct, and members of the Meng lab for discussion and technical assistance.
This work was financially supported by grants from the Major Science Research Programs of China （2011CB943800） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31221064）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81301802,81230051,30830048,31170711)Grant of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2013CB910501,2010CB912203,2010CB529402)+3 种基金Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project)of Ministry of EducationBeijing Natural Science Foundation(7120002)Peking University grants(BMU20120314,BMU20130364,BMU20130373)a Leading Academic Discipline Project of Beijing Education Bureau
文摘Mutations of integrin-interacting protein Kindlin-1 cause Kindler syndrome and deregulation of Kindlin-1 is implicated in human cancers. The Kindlin-1-related diseases are confined in limited tissue types. However, Kindlin-1 tissue distribution and the dogma that governs Kindlin-1 expression in normal human body are elusive. This study examined Kindlin-1 expression in normal human adult organs, human and mouse embryonic organs by immunohistochemical analyses. We identified a general principle that the level of Kindlin-1 expression in tissues is tightly correlated with the corresponding germ layers from which these tissues originate. We compared the expression of Kindlin-1 with Kindlin-2 and found that Kindlin-1 is highly expressed in epithelial tissues derived from ectoderm and endoderm, whereas Kindlin-2 is mainly expressed in mesoderm-derived tissues. Likewise, Kindlin-1 was also found highly expressed in endoderm/ectoderm-derived tissues in human and mouse embryos. Our findings indicate that Kindlin-1 may play an importance role in the development of endoderm/ectoderm related tissues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971493, 31071054)the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB529703)
文摘Heart formation commences from a single heart tube,which fuses from bilateral primordial heart fields.The developing heart tube is composed of outer-layer myocardial cells and inner-layer endocardial cells.Several distinct populations of precardiac cells contribute to cardiac morphogenesis.However,it still remains not very clear about the lineage of endocardium at gastrulation stage.Thereby,this study focused on ascertaining the correlation between the hypoblast in gastrulation and endocardium during cardiogenesis.Firstly,the fusing heart tube morphologically is closed to endoderm-derived pharynx floor,implying the possibility that pharynx floor might be wrapped into the formation of endoderm.Secondly,HNK1 is expressed in hypoblast strongly at gastrula stage and subsequently appeared in endocardium of cardiogenesis.Moreover,fate map data displayed that DiI labeled hypoblast was also present in endocardium later on.One more evidence is chick-quail chimera of hypoblast transplantation,in which quail-hypoblast derivative could be identified inendocardium of cardiogenesis by QCPN antibody.In sum,our current data suggests that endoderm in gastrula contribute at least partly to the formation of endocardium of cardiogenesis.
