Combined antihypertensive effect of GSY and metoprolol,based on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation function

OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergistic effect on dilating blood vessels and anti-hypertension of GYS combined with metoprolol.METHODS ① Spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)were administered orally with the vehicle,GSY,metoprolol or GSY combined with metoprolol for 4weeks.Blood pressure,which included SBP,DBP and MBP was measured by a noninvasive method every week.At the end of4 weeks,blood was drawn from the ophthalmic venous plexus to determine blood fat levels(serum TC,TG,LDL-c,HDL-c),liver function(serum ALT,AST),and kidney function(serum BUN,UA and Cr)by the ACCUTE(TBA-40FR)automatic.② The aortae of normal SD rats were prepared and cleaned from periadventitial fat and surrounding connective tissue and cut transversely into 4-mm width rings.To observe different concentration of GYS,metoprolol or GSY combined with metoprolol causing relaxation of the isolated aortic rings precontracted until a stable plateau by noradrenaline(NA)directly or in the presence of eNOS inhibitor L-NAME and cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin(INDO)respectively.③ The concentrations of plasma GSY was determined by the HPLC after rats administered orally with GSY or GSY combined with metoprolol for single-dose.DAS data processing software calculated the pharmacokinetic parameters of GSY.RESULTS There was a significant synergism between GYS and metoprolol in lowering blood pressure and the concentrations of serum TC and LDL-c of SHR.The relaxant effect of GYS combined with metoprolol on the aortic rings precontracted by NA could be attenuated by L-NAME or INDO.The AUC0-tof GSY significantly increased after in conjunction with metoprolol.CONCLUSION GYS combined with metoprolol increases the concentrations of plasma GSY and synergistically lowers blood pressure based on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation function(EDVF).

mpaired flow-mediated vasodilatation in Asian Indians with erectile dysfunction

Endothelial dysfunction is the postulated link between coronary artery disease （CAD） and erectile dysfunction （ED）. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation （FMD） is a non-invasive surrogate marker for endothelial function assessment. Despite Asian Indians representing a considerable global CAD burden, data on FMD and ED in these patients are lacking. Of the 225 patients undergoing coronary angiography, 72% had ED （assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF-5） questionnaire）; ED was moderate to severe in 61% of the patients. ED patients had a higher incidence of severe and diffuse angiographic CAD, a greater number of coronary vessels involved and a lower mean brachial artery FMD （6.40%±4.60% vs. 9.10%±4.87%, P〈0.001） compared to non-ED patients. A progressive reduction in FMD was noted with increasing severity of ED. Impaired FMD （ ≤ 5.5%） was twice as common in ED patients （52% vs. 24% without ED）. Patients with impaired FMD had higher ED prevalence （85% vs. 62%） and lower mean I IEF-5 scores compared to those with normal FMD. Impaired FMD was a significant ED predictor independent of other risk factors （odds ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval： 0.59-9.23; P=0.03）. An inverse correlation between FMD and ED severity was observed （r=-0.22; P=0.004）. ED is common among Asian Indians with angiographically documented CAD. Patients with ED have impaired FMD independent of other risk factors, suggesting that endothelial dysfunction is the underlying pathophysiology. Urologists and cardiologists need to be aware of the association between ED, CAD and endothelial dysfunction.

Axonotmesis-evoked plantar vasodilatation as a novel assessment of C-fiber afferent function after sciatic nerve injury in rats

Quantitative assessment of the recovery of nerve function, especially sensory and autonomic nerve function, remains a challenge in the field of nerve regeneration research. We previously found that neural control of vasomotor activity could be potentially harnessed to evaluate nerve function. In the present study, five different models of left sciatic nerve injury in rats were established: nerve crush injury, nerve transection/ suturing, nerve defect/autografting, nerve defect/conduit repair, and nerve defect/non-regeneration. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging was used to analyze blood perfusion of the hind feet. The toe pinch test and walking track analysis were used to assess sensory and motor functions of the rat hind limb, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the density of unmyelinated axons in the injured sciatic nerve. Our results showed that axonotmesis-evoked vasodilatation in the foot 6 months after nerve injury/repair recovered to normal levels in the nerve crush injury group and partially in the other three repair groups;whereas the nerve defect/non-regeneration group exhibited no recovery in vasodilatation. Furthermore, the recovery index of axonotmesis-evoked vasodilatation was positively correlated with toe pinch reflex scores and the density of unmyelinated nerve fibers in the regenerated nerve. As C-fiber afferents are predominantly responsible for dilatation of the superficial vasculature in the glabrous skin in rats, the present findings indicate that axonotmesis-evoked vasodilatation can be used as a novel way to assess C-afferent function recovery after peripheral nerve injury. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Laboratory Animals of Nantong University of China (approval No. 20130410-006) on April 10, 2013.

The effect of aerobic training on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with coronary artery disease who were revascularized and young men

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of training on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after revascularization and healthy young men. Background: Impaired endothelial function has been observed in patients with CAD and those with CAD risk factors. Studies have shown that exercise can enhance endothelial function. Methods: This experimental cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with CAD (3 months after CABG and PCI) and students of medical school in 2011. Endothelium dependent dilation of the brachial artery was determined by using high-resolution vascular ultrasonography through flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) after induction of ischemia, and the data were analyzed using SPSS, dependent t-test and ANCOVA. Findings: The findings showed that at baseline, FMD was reduced in revascularized patients, when compared with healthy young men, after 8 weeks, and exercise training significantly improved FMD in patients underwent training group [from 4.31 ± 1.45 (SD)% to 6.15 ± 0.773 (SD)%, p p ed unchanged, and even after aerobic training, it did not significantly modify the brachial artery diameter in these groups. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that endothelial dysfunction persisting in CAD patients after revascularization and aerobic training can improve endothelial function in different vascular beds in CAD patients and healthy young men. This may contribute to the benefit of regular exercise in preventing and restricting cardiovascular disease.

Chilean crude extract of <i>Ruta graveolens</i>generates vasodilatation in rat aorta at subtoxic cellular concentrations

In Chile elevated percentage of population have cardiovascular diseases, 70% of this populations is a hypertensive peoples. The Ruta graveolens (Ruta) is a medicinal plant used in different parts of the world with different therapeutics properties like dermatologic as far as anti-helmintic properties. We analyzed the vascular action measuring the tension to identify vasodilator effect of Ruta extract in norm-tense rat’s aorta incubated and measured in isolated organ bath, and evaluating the toxicity effect in CRL-1730 cell line, through enzymatic assay (MTT), confocal microscopy (propidium iodide stain) and flow cytometry (TUNEL assay), including extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through luminescence assay. The results show with DE50 29 ± 0.1 μg/mL evidenced vasodilatation, partially endothelium-depend. The cytotoxicity showed with DE50 304.6 ± 2 μg/mL in enzymatic assay (MTT) while evidenced membrane permeability in high concentrations (1500 μg/mL), DNA fragmentation in absence of oxidative stress in only observed when high concentrations of Ruta are used over the cell culture. The vasodilatation activity is executed in subtoxic concentration and partially endothelium-depend without permeability effect in the membrane and deterioration of the cells viability suggesting a complex effect of Ruta preparation in the regulation of vascular tone.

The relation of flow-mediated vasodilatation and diastolic function in uncomplicated Type 2 diabetic patients

Objectives: To evaluate the association of diastolic function of the left ventricle with flowme-diated dilatation (FMD) in uncomplicated Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: Eighty-two uncomplicated Type 2 diabetic patients were examined by pulse and tissue Doppler echocardiography and FMD of brachial artery. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the size of the left ventricular relaxation parameter—E’. Results: The average age of the patients was 61 ± 6 years. FMD was 5.0 ± 1.8% in 41 patients with E’ from 3 to 7.4 cm/s (mean 6 cm/s) comparing to 5.1 ± 1.9% (p = 0.96) in 41 patients with E’ from 7.5 to 10.9 cm/s (mean 8.9 cm/s). E/E’ was 11.2 ± 2.3 in the group with lower E’ and 9.1 ± 1.6 in the group with higher E’ (p 0.001). Linear negative correlation was found between E/E’ and FMD for the patients with E’ from 3 to 7.4 cm/s (R2 = 0.131;p = 0.025) but not for the group of patients with the higher E’. The significant association between FMD and E/E’ was confirmed by multivariate analysis ((Rc)2 = 0.233;p 0.05). Conclusion: FMD has no impact on the left ventricular relaxation. However FMD is negatively associated with E/E’ in Type 2 diabetic patients who have low E’ as a sign of an impaired early relaxation.

芦丁对离体大鼠主动脉环的舒张作用及相关机制

目的 研究芦丁对离体大鼠胸主动脉环收缩张力的作用及其可能作用途径。方法 采用累积加药法，检测芦丁对去氧肾上腺素（PE）预收缩的胸主动脉环收缩张力的影响，研究芦丁对血管张力的影响及其机制。结果 芦丁（10-160μmol·L^-1）对内皮完整的离体大鼠胸主动脉环具有浓度依赖性舒张作用。芦丁对内皮完整的胸主动脉环的最大舒张反应（Rmax）为（44．28±7．48）％。用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME，0．1mmol·L^-1）、鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝（10μmaol·L^-1）和环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚关辛（10mmol·L^-1）预处理后，均可明显减弱芦丁诱导的舒张血管作用；用β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔（10μmol·L^-1）预处理后，芦丁的血管舒张作用不能被阻断。结论 芦丁可能是通过NO-鸟苷酸环化酶途径和前列腺素介导机制产生内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用。

黄芪的内皮依赖性血管舒缩作用及其机制

目的 黄芪有一定的治疗高血压作用 ,本研究观察其对大鼠离体胸主动脉环舒缩的影响 ,并探讨其可能机制。方法 采用大鼠离体主动脉环灌流模型 ,观察累积浓度黄芪 (0 .0 1～ 10 0g·L- 1)对基础状态、KCl预收缩和去氧肾上腺素 (PE)预收缩的血管环的作用。结果 黄芪 (0 .0 1～ 10 0g·L- 1)对基础状态或KCl预收缩的内皮完整血管环张力无影响。对PE预收缩的内皮完整血管环 ,黄芪在低浓度 (0 .0 1～ 3.0g·L- 1)时呈浓度依赖性舒张作用 ,此作用可被一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(0 .1mmol·L- 1)或鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝 (10μmol·L- 1)预处理所抑制 ;而在高浓度 (10～ 10 0g·L- 1)时呈短暂的收缩作用 ,可被内皮素转换酶抑制剂磷阿米酮 (5 μmol·L- 1)预处理所抑制。黄芪对PE预收缩的去除内皮血管环仅呈微弱的浓度依赖性舒张作用。结论 黄芪对主动脉具有内皮依赖性舒缩双相作用。其舒张机制可能为激活血管内皮细胞一氧化氮 鸟苷酸环化酶途径 ;而其收缩机制可能为促进血管内皮合成内皮素。

坎地沙坦联合辛伐他汀对高胆固醇血症高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的观察他汀类调脂药物辛伐他汀联合使用血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)坎地沙坦对伴有高胆固醇血症的高血压患者血管内皮功能和炎症因子的影响。方法采用自身对照研究,给予46例伴有高胆固醇血症的高血压患者坎地沙坦4mg/d结合膳食治疗,8周后加服辛伐他汀每晚20mg。服药治疗前、8周以及16周结束时采用高分辨率超声系统检测肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张反应(FMD)评价血管内皮功能,并抽血比较血胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、血糖、血胰岛素、高敏C反应蛋白水平变化。结果坎地沙坦可以显著降低血压,加服辛伐他汀后血脂明显下降,血压没有进一步下降。联合治疗较单用坎地沙坦能进一步改善内皮依赖的血管舒张功能。结论辛伐他汀联合应用血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂坎地沙坦可以进一步改善伴有高胆固醇血症的高血压患者的内皮功能。

白藜芦醇对大鼠腹主动脉的舒张作用及其机制

目的研究白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RVT)对大鼠腹主动脉离体血管的舒张作用特点并探讨其机制。方法用离体血管灌流法灌流大鼠腹主动脉环,测定血管环张力的变化。结果RVT在4×10-9～4×10-5mol/L范围内对腹主动脉具有剂量依赖性的舒血管效应;RVT在4×10-5mol/L的浓度时,舒张血管效应在血管去内皮后可降低(74.9±1.9)%,与内皮完整组相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05);在LNAME实验组和优降糖实验组中分别降低(79.8±3.7)%和(43.8±2.8)%,与对照组相比两组均存在显著差异(P<0.05);在阿托品组,普萘洛尔组,消炎痛组中,血管舒张的受抑制程度与对照组差别无显著性(P>0.05)。RVT在7×10-5mol/L的浓度时可舒张去内皮的血管。结论RVT具有内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性的舒血管效应,前者的作用机制可能与NO系统和ATP敏感的钾通道有关,后者可能是RVT对血管的直接作用。

葛根素对大鼠腹主动脉的舒张作用及其机制

目的 :研究葛根素 (Puerarin ,Pue)对大鼠腹主动脉离体血管的舒张作用特点并探讨其机制 .方法 :雌性SD大鼠1 6只 ,常规方法制备离体血管环标本 ,随机分为Pue浓度依赖组、Pue时间依赖组、内皮依赖组、L NAME组、优降糖组、L NAME与优降糖共同作用组、阿托品组、普耐络尔组、消炎痛组 .用离体血管灌流法灌流大鼠腹主动脉环 ,血管环基础张力定为 9.8× 1 0 -3 N(1g) ,各组分别加入不同酶抑制剂或通道阻滞剂 ,孵育后加入 1 0 -2 mol·L-1 Pue ,测定血管环张力变化 .结果 :Pue在 1 0 -8～ 1 0 -2 mol·L-1 范围内对腹主动脉具有剂量依赖性的舒血管效应 ,以单浓度 (5× 1 0 -3 mol·L-1 ,EC50 浓度 )Pue作用于大鼠腹主动脉后 ,1 8min达到最大舒张效应 (4 8.0± 6 .5 ) % ;Pue的舒张血管效应在血管去内皮后可降低 (6 8.0± 6 .5 ) % ;在L NAME实验组和优降糖实验组中分别降低(5 8.0± 3.8) %和 (4 8.0± 5 .4 ) % ,与对照组相比两组均存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在L NAME与优降糖共同作用组以及阿托品组 ,普耐络尔组 ,消炎痛组中 ,血管舒张的受抑制程度与对照组差别无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) .结论 :Pue具有内皮依赖性的舒血管效应 ,该作用与NO系统和ATP 敏感的钾通道有关 .

血脂康对高脂血症患者血管内皮功能的影响

为探讨血脂康对高脂血症患者血管内皮功能的改善作用 ,5 8例高脂血症患者随机分为两组 ,分别给予血脂康或安慰剂治疗 8周 ,利用高分辨率超声测定血流介导的肱动脉舒张及其对硝酸甘油的反应 ,并观察血脂变化。结果显示 ,两组治疗前血脂水平相似 ,血脂康治疗后血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯分别下降2 1 5 %、2 8 2 %和 16 2 % ,血流介导的血管舒张显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ,而安慰剂治疗组无显著差异。两组硝酸甘油介导的舒张相似 ,治疗前后均无显著差异。以上表明 ,血脂康可降低高脂血症患者血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平 。

老年人血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化

目的 观察老年人肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化。方法 采用无创性超声法检测 1 4 5例受试者血流介导性肱动脉舒张 (FMD ,内皮依赖性舒张功能 )和硝酸甘油介导性肱动脉舒张 (NMD ,非内皮依赖性舒张功能 )。结果 年龄 >60岁受试者FMD较≤ 60岁者明显降低 (5 65 %± 6 1 2 % ,3 33 %± 3 72 % ,P =0 0 0 7) ;冠心病者较非冠心病者FMD(2 98%± 3 65 % ,8 37%± 6 41 % ,P <0 0 0 1和NMD(1 6 61 %± 7 2 5% ,2 2 78%±8 82 % ,P <0 0 1 )均明显降低 ,>60岁冠心病患者FMD较≤ 60岁冠心病患者降低 (1 90 %± 2 1 9% ,4 1 7%± 4 49% ,P <0 0 1 ) ;多因素逐步回归分析显示FMD与年龄 (t=- 3 92 6,P <0 0 0 1 )呈负相关 ;在单纯冠心病者仍显示FMD与年龄成负相关 (t=- 3 2 4 9,P =0 0 0 2 )。结论 老年人内皮依赖性血管舒张功能受损 ,年龄可直接损害内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 ,即使在冠心病存在时亦然 ,加重冠心病患者受损的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。

滨蒿内酯对离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌作用的研究

目的 :研究滨蒿内酯 (scoparone ,Scop)对离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌张力的影响。方法 :通过测定离体血管环张力变化 ,观察Scop对主动脉平滑肌的舒张作用及与苯肾上腺素 (PE)、普萘洛尔 (Prop)和氯化钾 (KCl)之间的相互作用。结果 :Scop舒张离体主动脉平滑肌 ,并且对内皮完整 (EC +)标本的舒张作用明显大于去内皮 (EC - )标本 ,半抑制浓度 (IC50 )分别为 (10 0± 0 4 ) μmol/L(CE +)与 (83 2± 0 8) μmol/L(EC - ) (P <0 0 1) ;Scop使PE量效曲线下移 ,呈非竞争性抑制 ,亲和力指数 (PD2 )分别为 4 93± 0 0 5 (EC +)与 2 94± 0 14 (EC - ) ;Prop(1μmol/L)对Scop舒张血管平滑肌作用无影响 ;Scop不能抑制Prop所致血管平滑肌收缩 ;Scop对血管平滑肌的依内钙及依外钙性收缩均有明显抑制作用。结论 :Scop可舒张离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌 ,此作用与内皮细胞的功能有一定关系。

H_2O_2氧化损伤血管内皮模型的构建及超氧化物歧化酶对损伤的逆转作用

目的构建离体血管H2O2氧化损伤模型,并初步探讨其损伤机制,实验超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)对该损伤的修复作用。方法采用大鼠离体胸主动脉环,构建H2O2氧化损伤血管模型,通过乙酰胆碱(acetylcho-line,ACh)引起的舒张评价该模型的内皮功能;通过硝普钠(nitroprusside sodium,SNP)引起的舒张及苯肾上腺素(phenylephrine,PE)引起的收缩评价该模型的平滑肌功能。同时,用120U·ml-1的SOD作用于该模型30min,评价SOD对模型损伤的修复作用。结果H2O2氧化损伤的血管,对SNP引起的舒张及PE引起的收缩无影响,而对ACh引起的内皮依赖性舒张程度降低,120U·ml-1 SOD作用后,能明显改善该模型的氧化损伤状态。结论H2O2 1mmol·L-110min能够氧化损伤大鼠胸主动脉内皮,120U·ml-1的SOD可以较好地修复H2O2造成的内皮损伤。

青年长期吸烟者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的改变

目的:探讨青年长期吸烟血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的改变。方法:测定20例长期吸烟青年及15例正常对照者血流介导的和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉内径改变。结果:两组肱动脉内径基础值(3.75±0 61mm:3.81±0.55mm)及硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张[(22.13±7.65)％:(23.45±8.21)％]无显著差异(P>0.05),而血流介导的血管扩张存在显著差异.为[(3.61±2.90)％:(8.32±4.75)％]、P<0.01。单因素相关分析表明,肱动脉内皮依赖件舒张与吸烟量呈显著负相关(r=0.523.P<0.001).结论:青年长期吸烟者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能明显受损,受损程度与吸烟量有关。

鸟苷对大鼠胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用及机制

目的研究鸟苷对大鼠离体血管环的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法分离SD大鼠胸主血管环,分成去内皮组和内皮完整组,采用离体血管环实验方法,经生物信号采集与分析系统测定血管环张力的变化,观察鸟苷的舒血管作用并探讨不同抑制剂对鸟苷舒张大鼠离体血管环作用的影响。结果鸟苷(10-9～10-5 mol.L-1)对基础状态下或KCl预收缩血管环的张力无影响;对PE预收缩的血管环有内皮依赖性舒张作用;环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛孵育对鸟苷的舒张作用无明显影响;一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME或鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝可阻断鸟苷的血管舒张作用。结论鸟苷对大鼠离体胸主动脉有浓度依赖性舒张作用,其舒张作用可能与NO-GC-cGMP途径相关。

2-取代-3,4-二氢-1-异喹啉酮的合成和舒张血管活性

以3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯等为原料,通过烯丙基醚化、Claisen重排、氧化、与伯胺反应(生成Schiff碱)、还原、分子内酯的胺解六步反应合成了一系列2-取代-3,4-二氢-1-异喹啉酮类化合物.Schiff碱的制备、还原、酯的胺解三步在"一锅"内完成.采用1H NMR,MS和元素分析对目标化合物的结构进行了表征.离体动脉环张力实验证明此类化合物具有明显舒张血管的作用.

内皮依赖性血管舒张与2型糖尿病血管病变的关系

目的 探讨内皮依赖性血管舒张与 2型糖尿病 (2 DM )血管病变的关系及其可能原因。方法 利用彩色多普勒超声对 4 1例 2 DM患者和 12例正常人在反应性充血及含服硝酸甘油前后肱动脉内径进行检测 ,评价不同情况下 2 DM内皮依赖性血管舒张 (△D1% )及非内皮依赖性血管舒张 (△D2 % )反应的变化。结果 无论有无微血管病或动脉粥样硬化 ,所有病例△D1%均较正常人组显著减退 (P <0 0 0 1) ;而△D2 %在所有组间均无显著差异。结论 2 DM在无大 /微血管病变时 ,内皮依赖性血管舒张功能显著减退 ,此变化可能参与了动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病微血管病变的发生 ;而非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能无变化。