Successful recanalization with multimodality endovascular interventional therapy in acute ischemic stroke

Stroke is an important cause of death and disability in adults. However, effective treatments for patients with acute ischemic stroke are limited. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(iv rtPA) within 4.5 h after onset has been approved as a standard treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, due to time constraints, less than one percent of acute ischemic stroke patients in Thailand are able to obtain iv rtPA. Although endovascular interventional therapy has not yet been approved as standard treatment in acute ischemic stroke, it is the one of the potentially effective treatment options. There are several reliable methods of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke patients. Endovascular interventional therapy has rarely been done in Thailand. We report seven patients with successful recanalization after endovascular treatment in acute large vessel stroke from a single stroke center in Thailand. Patient screening and selection with multimodal imaging protocol and multimodality methods of endovascular interventional therapy are described.

Endovascular treatment vs drug therapy alone in patients with mild ischemic stroke and large infarct cores

BACKGROUND Treatment decision making is strictly associated with the outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke who show a large core infarct.Medical care alone may result in suboptimal treatment efficacy,and endovascular treatment may be accompanied by safety issues.Whether endovascular treatment is superior to medical care is not well investigated in the clinical studies.AIM To investigate the efficacy of endovascular treatment and drug therapy alone in mild ischemic stroke patients with large infarct cores.METHODS Fifty patients with mild ischemic stroke and 50 patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by anterior large vessel occlusion were selected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University between January 2021 and December 2021.Patients were divided into an endovascular therapy group and a drug therapy group according to different treatment methods.In the endovascular therapy group,there were 28 patients with minor stroke and 22 patients with large infarct cores.The drug therapy group had 22 patients with minor stroke and 28 patients with large infarct cores.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) scores were collected and compared between the two groups immediately after the operation and 24 h and 7 d after the operation.The modified Rankin scale(m RS) and/or activity of daily living were assessed at hospital discharge.RESULTS There was no significant difference in NIHSS scores between the two groups before the operation(P > 0.05).NIHSS scores were lower in the endovascular therapy group than in the drug therapy group at 24 h and 7 d after the operation and at hospital discharge(all P < 0.05).The incidence of early neurologic deterioration was significantly lower in the endovascular therapy group than in the drug therapy group(P < 0.05).At hospital discharge,the m RS score was lower in the endovascular treatment group than in the drug therapy group,and the activity of daily living score was better in the endovascular treatment group than in the drug therapy group(all P < 0.05).During a follow-up of 3 mo,17 patients(34.0%) had good prognosis(m RS ≤ 2),33 patients(66.0%) had poor prognosis(m RS > 2),and 11 patients(22.0%) died.In the medical treatment group,16 patients(m RS ≤ 2) had good prognosis(32.0%),34 patients(m RS > 2) had poor prognosis(68.0%),and 14 patients(28.0%) died.There was no significant difference in prognosis and mortality between the two groups(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION Endovascular therapy can improve NIHSS score and m RS score in patients with mild ischemic stroke and large infarct cores.It is suitable for clinical application.

Successful endovascular treatment with long-term antibiotic therapy for infectious pseudoaneurysm due to Klebsiella pneumoniae:A case report

BACKGROUND Infectious common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by Klebsiellapulmonary infection is a relatively infrequent entity but is potentially life andlimb threatening. The management of infectious pseudoaneurysm remainscontroversial.CASE SUMMARY We reported a 79-year-old man with previous Klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonaryinfection and multiple comorbidities who presented with a progressive pulsatemass at the right groin and with right lower limb pain. Computed tomographyangiography showed a 6 cm × 6 cm × 9 cm pseudoaneurysm of the right commonfemoral artery accompanied by occlusion of the right superficial femoral arteryand deep femoral artery. He underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) withstent–graft, and etiology of infectious pseudoaneurysm was confirmed. Then, 3-mo antibiotic therapy was given. One-year follow-up showed the stent–graft waspatent and complete removal of surrounding hematoma.CONCLUSION The femoral artery pseudoaneurysm can be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniaederiving from the pulmonary infection. Moreover, this unusual case highlights theuse of EVT and prolonged antibiotic therapy for infectious pseudoaneurysm.

Analysis on Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Vessel Occlusion and Large-Scaled Core Infarct Volume in the Time Window

Patients who received endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) and large-scaled core infarct volume in the time window were analyzed. Literature data were reviewed. Results showed that although EVT is the first choice to AIS-LVO, patients often have poor prognosis. Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) based on computerized tomography angiography source image (CTA-SI) can reflect the real cerebral perfusion more truly, and it can assess the size of core infarct more quickly and accurately, thus enabling to judge prognosis.

The 26th Annual International Symposium on Endovascular Therapy

Time:January 18-22,2014Venue:Fontainebleau Miami Beach,France Website:www.iset.org For more than two and a half decades,The International Symposium on Endovascular Therapy(ISET)has stood apart as a leader in endovascular education.In 2014,the pioneering meeting that started it all will celebrate 26 years with

Secondary aorto-esophageal fistula after thoracic aortic aneurysm endovascular repair treated by covered esophageal stenting

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for thoracic aortic aneurysms is an accepted alternative to open surgery, especially in patients with significant comorbidities. The procedure itself has a low risk of complications and fistulas to surrounding organs are rarely reported. An 86-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital with gastro intestinal(GI) bleeding and a suspected aortoesophageal fistula. Eight months prior, the patient had undergone a stent graft repair of a mycotic thoracic aneurysm. Computerized tomography angiography and upper GI endoscopy confirmed an aortoesophageal fistula, which was treated by esophageal stenting. With early recognition, esophageal stenting may have a role in the initial emergency control of bleeding from and palliation of aortoesophageal fistula.

Arterio-biliary fistula as rare complication of chemoradiation therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Significant hemobilia due to arterio-biliary fistula is a very rare complication of chemoradiation therapy(CRT) for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).Here we report a case of arterio-biliary fistula after CRT for unresectable ICC demonstrated by angiographic examinations.This fistula was successfully treated by endovascular embolization.Hemobilia is a rare complication,but arterio-biliary fistula should be considered after CRT of ICC.

Vein of Galen malformation in a neonate:A case report and review of endovascular management

Vein of Galen malformation(VOGM) is a rare congenital vascular malformation caused by the maldevelopment of its embryonic precursor,the median prosencephalic vein of Markowski.VOGM results in neonatal morbidity and mortality,and premature delivery does not improve the outcome.We report a term female neonate in whom a vein of Galen malformation was diagnosed prenatally at 37 wk of gestation during a growth ultrasound and confirmed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging.Signs of cardiac decompensation were evident in the fetus.Multiple interventional radiology embolizations of the feeding vessels were performed successfully on days 7,10,12,14 and 19.A review of the literature on the endovascular management of neonates with these malformations is presented herein.

Endovascular Treatment Options of Acute Limb Ischemia

Acute limb ischemia is a urgent condition which occurs when there is an abrupt interruption of blood flow into an extremity usually because of either embolic or thrombotic vascular occlusion. Restoration of perfusion through early intervention can decrease amputation and mortality. Contemporary treatment includes both surgery and endovascular techniques. There is a rapid progress in endovascular intervention therapy. This article aims to make a comprehensive review of the endovascular intervention options of acute limb ischemia.

Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke due to Acute Carotid Dissection: A Report and Review of the Literature

The efficacy of endovascular therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusion is comparable to that for isolated intracranial occlusion in the anterior circulation. Definitive treatment of carotid dissection-related strokes is currently unproved. The best endovascular technique in this setting remains to be established, but emergency carotid artery stenting (CAS) is frequently considered. We investigated the safety and efficacy of emergency CAS for carotid dissection in patients with acute stroke in current clinical practice.

多期CT血管成像对急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗短期预后的价值

目的:探讨多期CT血管成像对急性缺血性卒中(AIS)血管内治疗短期预后的价值。方法:回顾性分析183例接受血管内治疗的AIS患者,按随访90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好(mRS评分≤2)组和预后不良(mRS评分>2)组。通过改良Tan评分评估多期CT血管成像显示的侧支循环情况,侧支循环不良为闭塞大脑中动脉区域的侧支循环小于对侧1/2,侧支循环良好为闭塞大脑中动脉区域的侧支循环大于对侧1/2。采用多变量logistic回归,曲线下面积(AUC)评价模型性能,DeLong检验比较AUC间的差异。结果:Logistic回归显示,较低入院NIHSS评分和动脉晚期侧支循环良好是AIS患者短期预后良好的独立预测因素,AUC分别为0.72(0.65~0.79)和0.75(0.68~0.81)。两者联合时AUC可达0.79,显著高于单一预测因素(DeLong检验,均P<0.05)。结论:动脉晚期侧支循环良好和较低入院NIHSS评分是血管内治疗短期预后良好的独立预测因素。联合预测模型具有较高的诊断效能,可为临床治疗方案选择提供参考。

脑血容量指数预测急性缺血性卒中患者血管内治疗远期预后的价值分析

目的探讨CT灌注指数与急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者血管内治疗(EVT)远期预后的相关性。方法纳入64例诊断AIS且经EVT的患者并进行1年随访。主要结局指标包括术后1年改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分0~2分(良好预后)。所有患者根据低灌注强度比(HIR)(<0.3 vs≥0.3)和脑血容量(CBV)指数(>0.7 vs≤0.7)进行分组,将组间临床资料及术后1年mRS评分进行比较;通过Logistic回归分析术后1年良好预后的影响因素。结果61例患者完成随访,其中术后1年达到良好预后的有34例(55.7%)。高CBV组良好预后率明显高于低CBV组(76.9%vs 40%),低HIR组良好预后率明显高于高HIR组(73.9%vs 44.7%)(P<0.05)。CBV指数是术后1年良好预后的保护因素(P=0.046)。结论CBV指数可预测AIS患者EVT远期预后情况,有望为患者EVT提供临床依据。

血管内治疗鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血的血管内治疗方式、疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析福建医科大学附属协和医院收治的21例鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血患者的临床资料,其中8例行覆膜支架植入,6例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,7例直接行载瘤动脉闭塞治疗。分析手术策略、治疗结果以及临床与影像学随访结果。结果 21例患者均成功接受血管内治疗。术后即刻止血效果均良好,瘤颈残留2例,瘤体残留1例。术后出血复发5例,其中4例再次行载瘤动脉闭塞后出血停止,1例为覆膜支架植入后发生内漏,予球囊扩张后血止,但1个月后不明原因死亡;1例覆膜支架植入术后出现昏迷,CT示蛛网膜下腔出血、脑肿胀,治疗后未好转自动出院;3例在随访中发现颈内动脉闭塞;2例术后未随访。随访的19例患者中mRS评分0分9例,1分6例,2分2例,5分1例,6分1例。结论 针对鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血,血管内治疗效果确切,安全性较高。覆膜支架短期疗效好,但也存在着动脉瘤复发、内漏等问题,载瘤动脉闭塞可能远期疗效更可靠。

急性前循环动脉粥样硬化性串联闭塞患者球囊扩张与支架置入的效果

目的比较颈内动脉起始段粥样硬化性串联闭塞患者颈内动脉颅外段行球囊扩张或支架置入的安全性和有效性。方法纳入2018年1月至2022年10月海南医学院第一附属医院和广州医科大学附属第三医院收治的发病24 h内行血管内治疗的急性前循环串联闭塞脑卒中患者91例,分为球囊扩张组51例,支架置入组40例,比较两组基线和临床资料。mTICI 2b~3定义为血管良好再通,术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分0~2分定义为临床预后良好。结果支架组患者术后血管良好再通率和90 d良好临床预后率较球囊组高,分别为70%比60.8%和60%比52%,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.361、0.391)。两组症状性颅内出血发生率、无症状性颅内出血发生率和病死率分别为10%比11.8%、32.5%比41.2%、22.5%比17.7%,差异均无统计学意义(P=1.000、0.396、0.564)。结论颈内动脉起始段动脉粥样硬化性病变所致的急性前循环串联闭塞患者,急性期颅外段行球囊扩张或支架置入可能均安全有效。

腔内和血管旁路手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞的疗效分析

目的 探讨腔内手术和血管旁路手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月我科收治的69例锁骨下动脉闭塞患者的临床资料,其中左侧病变56例,右侧病变13例;病变位于起始部65例,中段4例。结果 59例患者成功接受手术治疗,术中均无并发症及死亡发生。行旁路手术19例(颈总动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路9例,腋-腋动脉旁路10例),术后出现淋巴瘘及消化道出血各1例。腔内治疗40例(经股动脉穿刺顺行开通20例,联合肱动脉穿刺逆向开通20例),术后出现急性脑梗死及急性心肌梗死各1例,均经保守治疗后好转,左侧肱动脉血栓形成1例,急诊行肱动脉切开取栓术。其余患者术后30 d内均无并发症及死亡发生。随访3~32个月,中位随访时间14.8个月,腔内治疗和旁路手术患者间累积通畅率比较无统计学差异。结论 腔内手术和血管旁路手术均可有效治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞,需要根据患者的具体情况选择合适的手术方式。

CT灌注成像对急性大核心脑梗死早期血管内治疗效果的预测效能

目的分析CT灌注成像对急性大核心脑梗死早期血管内治疗效果的预测效能。方法选择2018年10月至2022年11月在浙江省人民医院接受早期血管内治疗的急性大核心脑梗死患者54例,根据术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组(观察组)23例和预后不良组(对照组)31例。收集并比较两组患者的一般资料及CT灌注成像等资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析CT灌注成像与急性大核心脑梗死早期血管内治疗临床预后的相关性。采用ROC曲线分析CT灌注成像对急性大核心脑梗死早期血管内治疗效果的预测效能。结果观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,不匹配率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,NIHSS评分和不匹配率均是急性大核心脑梗死早期血管内治疗预后的影响因素(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,不匹配率预测急性大核心脑梗死早期血管内治疗预后良好的AUC为0.660(95%CI:0.509~0.811,P=0.046),最佳截断值为2.30,灵敏度为0.696,特异度为0.645。结论CT灌注成像与急性大核心脑梗死早期患者血管内治疗临床预后密切相关,有一定的预测效能。

肝纤维化与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血管内治疗后发生sICH的相关性

目的 探讨肝纤维化与急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血管内治疗后发生症状性颅内出血(sICH)的相关性。方法 选取80例AIS患者作为研究对象,根据血管内治疗后是否发生sICH分为sICH组和无sICH组。比较两组患者的临床资料。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析AIS患者血管内治疗后发生sICH的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析入院时基于4因子的纤维化指数(FIB-4)预测sICH的效能。结果 血管内治疗术后36 h内,15例(18.75%)患者发生sICH。sICH组和非sICH患者的年龄、入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、入院时FIB-4比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,入院时NIHSS评分较高、入院时FIB-4较高、高龄为AIS患者血管内治疗后发生sICH的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,入院时FIB-4预测AIS患者血管内治疗后sICH的曲线下面积为0.815。结论 入院时FIB-4与AIS患者血管内治疗后发生sICH有关,其可作为sICH的预测因子。

多模式影像指导超时间窗急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中血管内再灌注治疗的应用研究

目的探讨超时间窗急性大血管闭塞所致的缺血性脑卒中患者经严格影像学评估后行急诊绿色通道血管内再灌注治疗的安全性和有效性。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月在广东省中医院珠海医院救治的急性大血管狭窄或闭塞所致的缺血性脑卒中并经影像学评估存在缺血半暗带和侧支循环的36例患者作为研究对象,采用抽签法将36例患者分为观察组(19例)与对照组(17例)。观察组接受血管内有效再灌注治疗,对照组接受标准内科药物治疗。比较两组患者入院时、出院时、出院3个月的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,比较两组患者出院3个月后良好临床结局,以及治疗30 d内脑卒中、症状性脑出血、死亡的发生率。结果观察组患者出院时、出院后3个月的NIHSS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者出院时、出院后3个月的NIHSS评分低于本组入院时的评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者出院时、出院后3个月的mRS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者出院时、出院后3个月的mRS评分均低于本组入院时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院后3个月,观察组的良好临床结局率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗30 d内,两组患者的脑卒中、症状性脑出血、死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论超时间窗急性大血管闭塞所致的缺血性脑卒中患者经严格影像学评估后急诊行血管内再灌注治疗可能是安全有效的。

瑞马唑仑在脑梗死血管内介入手术麻醉中的应用及对术后谵妄防治效果

目的 观察瑞马唑仑在脑梗死血管内介入手术(EVT)麻醉中的应用,及对术后谵妄的防治效果。方法本研究为前瞻性研究,选择2021年1月至2023年7月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的125例脑梗死患者为研究对象,以计算机随机分组法将其分为常规组(62例)和试验组(63例),所有患者均接受EVT治疗,常规组实施常规全身麻醉,试验组采用瑞马唑仑辅助麻醉,比较两组患者γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体变化情况、清醒后即刻认知功能、术后谵妄发生情况及苏醒情况。结果 试验组术后12、24、48 h的GABA水平均低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。试验组清醒后即刻的简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分均高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。试验组术后谵妄发生率、Ramsay镇静评分(RSS)均低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。试验组术后苏醒时间、麻醉苏醒室(PACU)留观时间略高于常规组,但差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 瑞马唑仑能改善患者术后即刻认知功能并通过抑制GABA活性而降低术后谵妄发生风险。

Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内治疗围手术期超敏C反应蛋白等相关指标应用意义的临床研究

目的探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、D-二聚体(D-D)、降钙素原(PCT)对Standford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)患者胸主动脉腔内修复术预后的影响。方法选取2017年4月至2022年3月抚州市第一人民医院行胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)的80例TBAD患者作为研究对象,于术前1 d和术后7 d检测hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平。根据患者预后分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较两组患者术前1 d和术后7 d的血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平,分析血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平与患者预后的关联性。结果80例患者中预后良好(预后良好组)63例(78.75%),预后不良(预后不良组)17例(21.25%)。两组患者术后7 d血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平高于本组术前1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后良好组患者术前1 d和术后7 d的血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平低于预后不良组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归模型分析结果显示,术前1 d血清hs-CRP(β=0.617,OR=1.854,95%CI=1.217~2.696)、D-D(β=0.639,OR=1.895,95%CI=1.841~2.635)、PCT(β=0.554,OR=1.741,95%CI=1.547~3.052)和术后7 d hs-CRP(β=0.892,OR=2.440,95%CI=1.251~4.761)、D-D(β=0.797,OR=2.219,95%CI=1.669~3.141)、PCT(β=0.604,OR=1.829,95%CI=1.058~2.969)水平是接受TEVAR治疗的TBAD患者预后的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论监测围手术期血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平对接受TEVAR治疗的TBAD患者预后判断具有一定的参考价值。