Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Pyrite Thin Specimens

To explore ways to improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis of samples in the micrometer to nanometer range of magnitudes,we adopted analytical transmission electron microscopy(AEM/EDS)for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyrite materials.Additionally,the k factor of pyrite is calculated experimentally.To develop an appropriate non-standard quantitative analysis model for pyrite materials,the experimentally calculated k factor is compared with that estimated from the non-standard quantitative analytical model of the instrument software.The experimental findings demonstrate that the EDS attached to a TEM can be employed for precise quantitative analysis of micro-and nanoscale regions of pyrite materials.Furthermore,it serves as a reference for improving the results of the EDS quantitative analysis of other sulfides.

Determination of Element Levels of Lagoon from Townships near Cocody City Abidjan Côte D’Ivoire Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

Eight water bottles from Ebrie lagoon with pollution potency were studied using nuclear chemistry technique and Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. This pollution is characterized by pH and conductivity parameters, concentrations average in mg/L of metals such Fe (0.731), Mn (0.345), Cr (0.070), Cu (0.014) and concentrations of nutrients known to be pollutants and toxic for living or-ganisms. These heavy metals are dangerous to the lives, the local inhabitants and also a threat to aquatic life since this water is essential for the economical town, Abidjan. According to the Manganese concentration average (0.345 mg) values that higher than WHO (0.05 mg) value, the main likely source of pollu-tants is anthropogenic, industrial and agricultural. This study also shows the use of materials and lubricants near the lagoon that pollute this water.

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Sohnari Member of Laki Formation from Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan

This study determines the geochemical and depositional environment analysis of the sediments of the Sohnari Member of the Laki Formation, Northern Kirthar Fold Belt of Pakistan. The Energy-Dispersive-X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) technique is used for the detection of major elements and the effects of shifting depositional climatic conditions of six representative samples which were acquired from the Sohnari Member of the Laki Formation at Lakhra area, Sindh, Pakistan. The sedimentological studies clarify that the sediments the Sonahri Member are relatively immature and most migrated in clastic mode. The availability of Silica shows that the Member was formed due to biochemical precipitation and detrital mode and was deposited at a fast rate of sediment deposition under the fluvio-deltaic depositional system. This is also deduced that the rapid rate of sediment deposition might be created a reducing atmosphere and allowing for the mineralization of sulphur.

采用偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法快速测定汽油中有机硅元素的研究

介绍了采用偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定汽油中微量有机硅元素的方法。样品无需预处理,选用0~50μg/g的标准工作曲线,消除元素共存干扰影响,使用偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定汽油中微量有机硅元素。汽油中有机硅含量与荧光强度线性相关系数为0.9999,样品加标回收率为95.2%~115.4%,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.8%~10.1%(n=6),检出限为1.0μg/g。本方法有机硅元素测定结果与《GB/T33647-2017车用汽油中硅含量的测定电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法》相比较,具有很好的一致性,能够满足汽油中微量有机硅元素的快速测定要求。

单波长激发-能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定含铁物料中多种微量及痕量有害元素

采用全聚焦型双曲面弯晶结构所实现的单波长激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱法,能有效解决X射线管出射谱中韧致辐射所产生的背景信号,大幅提升元素信噪比,获得较佳的元素特征X射线荧光信号峰背比,降低检出限,可定量分析含铁物料中多种微量及痕量有害元素。称取适量铁矿样品制备成粉末压片,通过对单波长激发性能进行优化,以基本参数法对基体效应进行校正,采用无标样全谱拟合算法对试样进行分析,砷、汞、铅、铬、镉元素的线性相关系数均不小于0.999,其检出限在0.0002%~0.003%,各元素精密度RSD在3.2%~9.0%。用不同方法进行正确度验证,除接近方法检测下限的As及Pb检测结果与对比数据偏差较大之外,其他元素与比对方法的测定结果均吻合。经实验表明,采用双曲面弯晶技术的单波长激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱法定量分析含铁物料中低含量有害元素,正确度高、检出限低,明显优于传统能量色散X射线荧光光谱法。

高灵敏度X射线荧光光谱仪对轻质馏分油中硫含量的快速测定

用高灵敏度能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,建立了快速测定轻质馏分油中硫含量的方法,并对其进行准确性和重复性考察。结果表明,该测定方法在硫含量为0~1000μg·g^(-1)范围内的定量标准曲线具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数(R^(2))为0.9998;样品回收率为95.2%~103.7%,相对标准偏差小于2.07%,可用于轻质馏分油中硫含量的测定。

荧光法测定铝溶胶中铝含量、氯含量分析方法探讨

对能量色散荧光光谱法测定铝溶胶中铝含量、氯含量进行研究。正确选择测试条件,考察温度对测定铝溶胶中元素的影响,并对准确性、重复性进行了验证。结果表明,该分析方法样品制备简单、分析速度快、操作简便、准确性较高、重复性较好,能满足铝溶胶中铝含量、氯含量的测定。

Palaeodiet of Miocene Producers and Depositional Environments:Inferences from the First Evidence of Microcoprolites from India

This paper reviews research on coprolites from India,providing the first evidence of microcoprolites from the early Miocene(Aquitanian)Khari Nadi Formation sedimentary succession,exposed about 1.5 km northeast of the village of Kotada,Kachchh(Kutch)District,Gujarat State,western India.Morphometric and size comparisons(in a statistical framework)with known coprolites from the Mesozoic-Cenozoic successions of India(including those recorded herein)and globally suggest that fishes were the likely producers of the Kotada coprolites.Scanning electron microscopy confirms the presence of fish dental remains within the coprolites,while both Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDS)reveal the phosphatic nature of the microscopic coprolite specimens(recorded herein)hinting that the producer(s)were predominantly carnivorous(ichthyophagous)in their diet.Furthermore,X-Ray Fluorescence(XRF)analysis of the host and associated lithologies allows us to deduce that the Kotada coprolites were deposited in a shallow marine environment,with possible aerial exposure of the host lithology occurring at some point after deposition.To the best of our knowledge,the present report is the first record of microscopic fish coprolites from India,as well as being the first from the Aquitanian of India and the oldest Neogene record from India.

X-Ray and Mössbauer Study of Magnetic Black Sand from Mayotte Island

Natural magnetic black sands are known from several sites often located in areas of volcanic origin. Their elemental and mineral composition provides information on the geology of their territory and depends on several factors occurred during their formation. A sample of black sand was collected on the seashore of the island of Mayotte in the Indian Ocean and its magnetic part was investigated by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and MÖssbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The mineral composition is dominantly magnetite, in good agreement with samples collected in other sites of volcanic origin. Contrary to pure magnetite, a relevant fraction of Ti was detected by EDS. The 16% Ti and 1% Mn content increase the magnetite lattice parameter to 8.4312 (25) Å. The broadening of XRD lines pointed towards a significant degree of disorder. This was confirmed by MÖssbauer spectroscopy and is attributed to the presence of Ti replacing Fe in the magnetite lattice. The presence of Ti modifies the local magnetic field on the Fe sites, leading to a broader and more complex MÖssbauer transmission spectrum with respect to the one of pure magnetite. To study the effect of temperature, samples were heated for 12 hours to 600°C and 800°C in argon and to 1000°C in air. Annealing in argon did not improve the crystallinity while annealing in air caused a complete decomposition of magnetite into hematite and pseudobrookite.

Mossbauer,X-Ray and Magnetic Studies of Black Sand from the Italian Mediterranean Sea

The study of natural magnetic sands is instrumental to investigate the geological aspects of their formation and of the origin of their territory. In particular, Mossbauer spectroscopy provides unique information on their iron content and on the oxidation state of iron in their mineral composition. The Italian coast on the Mediterranean Sea near Rome is known for the presence of highly magnetic black sands of volcanic origin. A study of the room temperature Mossbauer spectrum, powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements of a sample of black magnetic sand collected on the seashore of the town of Ladispoli is performed. This study reveals magnetite as main constituent with iron in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Minor constituents are the iron minerals hematite and ilmenite, the iron containing minerals diopsite, gossular, and allanite, as well as ubiquitous sanidine, quartz, and calcite.

能量色散X荧光光谱在耐火材料化学成分测定中的应用

分析了目前国内耐火材料检测行业X荧光光谱仪的使用现状,对能量色散X荧光光谱仪测定耐火材料中化学成分分析方法的试样制备、试验条件选择进行了研究,并对能量色散X荧光光谱分析法的准确度和精密度进行了验证。结果表明:能量色散X荧光光谱可以取代进口波长色散X荧光光谱用于耐火材料化学成分的测定。给国内耐火材料企业在选择能量色散X荧光光谱作为化学成分检测手段提供了技术支持,让企业节约设备购置资金,降低日常分析成本。

3D-PEDXRF法快速检测车用汽油中有害元素含量

建立了3D全偏振单色能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(3D-PEDXRF)检测车用汽油中金属元素(锰、铁、铅)和非金属元素(硅、硫、氯)的方法,并对方法的重复性、准确性进行了考察。试验结果表明:车用汽油中6种元素的质量分数在0~50μg/g范围内具有良好的线性关系,各元素的检测下限均可达到1μg/g,重复测定6次结果的相对标准偏差均小于6%,回收率均在95%~105%之间,可满足汽油中硅、硫、氯、锰、铁、铅的分析要求。该方法可实现一台仪器同时检测车用汽油中的6种元素,有效提高分析效率。

能量色散X射线荧光光谱在中药材分析中的研究进展

能量色散X射线荧光光谱(EDXRF)是一种对物质中元素进行定性、定量分析的方法。本文在文献调研的基础上阐述了EDXRF技术的基本原理,通过与常用光谱技术进行简单比较分析其优缺点,同时结合中药研究的特点和需求,简述其在中药材元素含量测定、中药材重金属元素含量检测、中药材产地溯源和中药材真伪鉴别等方面的应用现状,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望,以期为该技术更好地用于中药材分析研究提供参考。

Analysis of nickel distribution by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence in nickel-induced early- and late-phase allergic contact dermatitis in Hartley guinea pigs

Background: Nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD) is a global health problem. More detailed knowledge on the skin uptake of haptens is required. This study aimed to investigate the penetration process and distribution of nickel in skin tissues with late phase and early phase of Ni-ACD to understand the mechanisms of metal allergy. Methods: Forty Hartley guinea pigs were divided into four groups according to the NiSO4 sensitizing concentration and the NiSO4 challenged concentration: the 5% NiSO4-group, 5% to 10%(sensitization-challenge;late phase group);10% NiSO4-group, 10% to 10%(sensitization-challenge;early-phase group);and the positive and negative controls. Pathological biopsies were performed on each group. The depth profile of nickel element concentration in the skin of guinea pigs was detected by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR-μ-XRF) and micro X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (μ-XANES). Results: In each section, the nickel element concentration in both the 5% NiSO4-group and 10% NiSO4-group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group. In the upper 300-μm section of skin for the early phase group, the nickel element concentration was significantly higher than that in the lower section of skin. In deeper sections (>200 μm) of skin, the concentration of nickel in the early phase group was approximately equal to that in the late phase group. The curve of the late phase group was flat, which means that the nickel element concentration was distributed uniformly by SR-μ-XRF. According to the XANES data for the 10% NiSO4 metal salt solution, structural changes occurred in the skin model sample, indicating that nickel was not present in the Ni^2+ aqueous ionic state but in the nickel-binding protein. Conclusions: This study showed that the distribution of the nickel element concentration in ACD skin tissue was different between the early phase and late phase groups. The nickel element was not present in the Ni^2+ aqueous ionic state but bound with certain proteins to form a complex in the stratum corneum in ACD model tissue.

Possible Relevance of the Allende Meteorite Conditions in Prebiotic Chemistry: An Insight into the Chondrules and Organic Compounds

The study of the mineral and organic content of the Allende meteorite is important for our understanding of the molecular evolution of the universe as well as the ancient Earth. Previous studies have characterized the magnetic minerals present in ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites, providing information on the evolution of magnetic fields. The interaction of organic compounds with magnetic minerals is a possible source of chemical diversity, which is crucial for molecular evolution. Carbon compounds in meteorites are of great scientific interest for a variety of reasons, such as their relevance to the origins of chirality in living organisms. This study presents the characterization of organic and mineral compounds in the Allende meteorite. The structural and physicochemical characterization of the Allende meteorite was accomplished through light microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction with complementary Rietveld refinement, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy using magnetic signal methods to determine the complex structure and the interaction of organic compounds with magnetic Ni-Fe minerals. The presence of Liesegang-like patterns of chondrules in fragments of the Allende structure may also be relevant to understanding how the meteorite was formed. Other observations include the presence of magnetic materials and nanorod-like solids with relatively similar sizes as well as the heterogeneous distribution of carbon in chondrules. Signals observed in the Raman and infrared spectra resemble organic compounds such as carbon nanotubes and peptide-like molecules that have been previously reported in other meteorites, making the Mexican Allende meteorite a feasible sample for the study of the early Earth and exoplanetary bodies.

石油及石油产品温度对能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定硫含量结果影响的研究

考察样品温度对能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定硫含量的影响;通过改变样品温度,观察测定结果的变化。结果表明:石油及石油产品的样品温度对X荧光光谱仪测试结果具有显著影响;多数含硫和高硫石油及其产品的样品温度对X荧光光谱仪测试结果的影响呈现正相关关系,低硫石油或低硫石油产品的样品温度对X荧光光谱仪测试结果的影响具有波动性。能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定仪安装测试温度控制装置和改进样品温度自动校正曲线,对控制样品温度对X荧光光谱仪测试结果的准确度是十分必要的。

EDXRF应用于古陶瓷科技鉴定的实验条件探讨

能量色散X射线荧光分析法(EDXRF)是目前古陶瓷科技鉴定中应用最广泛的成分测试技术之一。在应用该法进行古陶瓷科技鉴定时,由于不同研究者所选择的分析测试条件不同,测试数据会出现一定的差异性,严重的甚至导致截然相反的结论。有鉴于此,本文对EDXRF应用于古陶瓷科技鉴定的实验条件进行了分析探讨,为建立统一的测试标准,实现数据的通用性打下基础,以提高成分鉴定法的准确度和可信度。

硅树脂改性CaS:Cu^+,Eu^(2+)荧光粉

采用硅树脂薄膜直接包覆碱土硫化物荧光粉CaS∶Cu+,Eu2+(RBI)以保护其发光在潮湿的空气中不衰减.通过荧光光谱、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线能谱(EDX)和扫描电镜(SEM)比较了经硅树脂包覆改性的CaS∶Cu+,Eu2+(RBI Si)和RBI的各种性能.红外光谱显示RBI Si既有硅树脂的特征峰又有CaS的特征峰.TGA表明RBI Si的失重率大于RBI.EDX显示RBI Si表面有Si元素存在,确证RBI Si表面包覆了硅树脂有机层.硅树脂的最佳用量为7%左右.改性后的RBI Si的转光有效期比RBI的明显延长.

微区能量色散X荧光元素成像法测定陶瓷中重金属元素

目的采用微区能量色散X荧光光谱仪(μ-EDXRF)研究陶瓷釉料的变化和铅、镉等重金属溶出的风险以评估产品的质量安全。方法采用μ-EDXRF元素扫描成像新技术,分析釉层有害金属元素的分布,并用无标样基本参数(FP)法测定釉层主成分和高风险区域有害元素的含量。结果μ-EDXRF能快速进行多元素同时分析,可以及时发现釉层中钴、铬、锰、镍等具有潜在析出风险的重金属元素。该元素成像技术能直观地找出有害元素存在的部位,方便迅速分析产品缺陷的原因。结论该方法从一个新的角度来评价陶瓷釉层重金属元素含量及分布,是已有分析手段的一个有力补充。

乳牙釉质13种化学元素的微量分析

目的观察正常乳牙釉质化学元素组成以及各元素在釉质各层面的分布状况,为乳牙硬组织生物化学研究提供基础数据资料。方法收集23名5～12岁无龋儿童的乳牙共23颗,其中男10名,女13名,乳前牙13颗,乳磨牙10颗。每颗牙齿样本均沿唇舌或颊舌向正中切开,自釉质表面向内部每50μm定点,利用能量色散微区X射线荧光光谱仪和电子探针检测仪检测釉质表层200μm内化学元素的含量和分布,比较男、女间及乳前牙与乳磨牙间各化学元素的含量变化,同时对各元素在釉质不同深度间的含量变化进行统计学分析。结果乳牙釉质中含有钙、磷、镁、氯等13种化学元素,男、女间及乳前牙与乳磨牙间13种化学元素含量的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。钙、磷、镁、氟、氯、锶、锌等元素在釉质中的分布也均表现为由表及里逐渐减少。结论正常乳牙釉质含有多种化学元素,其中钙、磷、镁、氟、氯、锶、锌等元素可能与乳牙釉质的矿化程度有关。