Network pharmacology-based exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure with spleen Qi deficiency syndrome

BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome.The Chinese herbal compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe has been used to treat chronic heart failure;however,the underlying molecular mechanism is still not clear.AIM To identify the effective active ingredients of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe and explore its molecular mechanism in the treatment of chronic heart failure.METHODS The effective active ingredients of eight herbs composing Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.The target genes of chronic heart failure were searched in the Genecards database.The target proteins of active ingredients were mapped to chronic heart failure target genes to obtain the common drugdisease targets,which were then used to construct a key chemical componenttarget network using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the String database.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed through the Metascape database.Finally,our previously published relevant articles were searched to verify the results obtained via network pharmacology.RESULTS A total of 227 effective active ingredients for Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified,of which quercetin,kaempferol,7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone,formononetin,and isorhamnetin may be key active ingredients and involved in the therapeutic effects of TCM by acting on STAT3,MAPK3,AKT1,JUN,MAPK1,TP53,TNF,HSP90AA1,p65,MAPK8,MAPK14,IL6,EGFR,EDN1,FOS,and other proteins.The pathways identified by KEGG enrichment analysis include pathways in cancer,IL-17 signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,NF-kappaB signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,etc.Previous studies on Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe suggested that this Chinese compound preparation can regulate the TNF-α,IL-6,MAPK,cAMP,and AMPK pathways to affect the mitochondrial structure of myocardial cells,oxidative stress,and energy metabolism,thus achieving the therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure.CONCLUSION The Chinese medicine compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe exerts therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure possibly by influencing the mitochondrial structure of cardiomyocytes,oxidative stress,energy metabolism,and other processes.Future studies are warranted to investigate the role of the IL-17 signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,and other pathways in mediating the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure.

Efficacy and safety of Guipi Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of insomnia with deficiency of heart and spleen:a meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guipi Decoction combined with Western medicine in the treatment of insomnia with deficiency of heart and spleen.Methods:English databases(PubMed,Web of Science,The Cochrane Library,EMBASE)and Chinese databases(CNKI,Wanfang database,China Biomedical Literature Service System,VIP database)were searched by computer.Randomized controlled trials of Guipi Decoction on insomnia with deficiency of heart and spleen were searched from the database construction to November 2021.After the first and second authors independently screened the literature,extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 9 RCTS were included after screening,including 914 patients.Meta-analysis results showed that:Total effective rate[RR=1.22,95%CI(1.16,1.30),P<0.00001],total PSQI score[MD=-3.05,95%CI(-3.96,-2.14),P=0.008],number of night awakening times[[MD=-1.18,95%CI(-1.42,-0.94),P<0.00001],adverse reaction rate[RR=0.32,95%CI(0.21,0.51),P<0.00001]were better than the control group,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:The current evidence shows that,compared with pure using conventional western medicine,belongs to the spleen decoction combined western medicine therapy,cases both deficiency type of insomnia in the total effective rate,reducing the total PSQI score(improve sleep quality,sleep efficiency,sleep disorder,daytime function,etc.),reducing frequency of nighttime awakening,security,have more advantages.However,due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of articles included in the study,more randomized,double-blind,large-sample clinical studies are needed to confirm the above conclusions.

Clinical Observation on the Treatment of Insomnia in Germany with Deficiency of Heart and Spleen by the Ear Bean Therapy

Objective: To observe the effect of insomnia patients with deficiency of heart and spleen in Germany by the therapy of ear points pressing with bean. Methods: A total of 80 cases of insomnia with deficiency of heart and spleen in Germany were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with oral modified Guipi Decoction(归脾汤), while the patients in the observation group were treated with oral traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the therapy of ear points pressing with bean. The efficacy, sleep quality, the TCM syndromes score and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and there was statistical difference between the two group(P<0.05). After treatment, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale(PSQI) score, insomnia severity index(ISI) score and the TCM syndromes score in the two groups were decreased sharply(P<0.01), and those scores in the observation group were lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no adverse reaction between the two groups. Conclusion: The therapy of ear points pressing with bean is effective on insomnia in Germany, which is worth further study and promotion.

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT FOR 100 CASES WITH INSOMNIA OF THE TYPE OF THE HEART AND SPLEEN DEFICIENCY

cases of insomnia of the type of heart and spleen deficiency were treated by acupuncture.Results indicated that 95 cases were cured,accounting for 95%;3 cases were markedly effective,accounting for 3% and the 2 cases were ineffective,accounting for 2%,the total effective rate was 98%.

Preoperative application of combination of portal venous injection of donor spleen cells and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin prolongs the survival of cardiac allografts in mice

Objective:To investigate the effects of preoperative portal venous injection of donor spleen cells(PVIDSC) and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin in the acute rejection of cardiac allograft in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Methods:Homogenous female B6 mice and BALB/c mice were used as recipients and donors of heart transplantation. These mice were randomly divided into different groups and received PVIDSC alone,rapamycin alone,or PVIDSC and rapamycin combined therapy. In addition,the underlying mechanism was studied by measuring a number of cytokines. Results:Preoperative combination of PVIDSC and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin significantly prolonged the survival of heterotopic cardiac allograft in mice,but had no effects on the survival time of cardiac allografts in mice pre-sensitized by skin grafting. Preoperative combination of PVIDSC and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin increased the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 and reduced the expression of INF-γ. Short-term preoperative administration of rapamycin promotes the expression of CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+ regulator T cells. However,preoperative using alone of rapamycin,or combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin had no effects on the inhibition of proliferation of memory T cells. Conclusions:Preoperative application of combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin significantly prolonged the survival time of cardiac allografts in mice but not in mice pre-sensitized by skin grafting. This may be explained by the fact that combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin inhibited the cellular immune response and induced the expression of IL-10 from Tr1 cells and CD4^+CD25^+FoxP3^+ regulatory T cells.

李延从脾胃论治冠心病的临床经验

冠心病为临床中常见的心血管疾病,可归属中医学的“胸痹”“心痛”等疾病范畴。李延教授认为本病之病性总属本虚标实之证,以脾虚、脾胃健运失常为本,标实在于痰浊、血瘀、气滞、寒凝等有形实邪痹阻心脉。治疗时重视调理脾胃,重用黄芪、白术、党参、五味子等健脾养心以治本,结合通阳化浊、活血化瘀、疏肝理气、温阳散寒等治法,标本兼治,通补兼顾,使脾气健旺,心气充沛,瘀去痰消,胸阳得以舒展,则心之血脉恢复畅通,胸痹心痛诸症得到缓解。李延教授从脾胃论治冠心病的经验可为中医临床诊治冠心病提供参考。

皮内针联合子午流注五音疗法用于心脾两虚型不寐临床观察

目的探讨皮内针联合子午流注五音疗法对心脾两虚不寐症患者的临床效果。方法选择天水市中医医院脾胃病科2021年5月—2021年10月入住的心脾两虚型不寐患者100例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组,各50例。对照组给予皮内针干预,观察组在对照组基础上加用子午流注五音疗法干预,2周后比较两组总有效率、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)得分。结果观察组总有效率为94.00%(47/50),高于对照组的74.00%(37/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,两组PSQI得分较干预前均下降,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论皮内针联合子午流注五音疗法能有效改善心脾两虚型不寐患者的睡眠质量,值得临床推广应用。

基于“心受气于脾”论治类风湿关节炎累及心脏病变

类风湿关节炎累及心脏病变属于复合病证,根据其发病过程与临床表现,可归属于中医学“脏痹-心痹”。心痹为痹证日久缠绵不愈,复感风、寒、湿邪,向内传入于心所致。该文基于“心受气于脾”理论探讨其病因、病机与治疗。通过梳理古代文献,发现类风湿关节炎累及心脏病变的病因为脾气不足,卫阳不固,外感风、寒、湿邪气侵入机体,瘀血顽痰阻滞发为心痹。其病机为脾气不足,营卫虚弱;脾阳不足,痰浊内生;脾失健运,痰瘀互结。现代研究表明,细胞免疫失调、血脂异常以及血凝与类风湿关节炎合并心脏病变关系密切,这与中医病机一致。在治疗时选用补益卫阳,和营通痹;温阳散寒,化痰逐饮;益气活血,健脾祛痰之法,代表方剂分别为黄芪桂枝五物汤、苓桂术甘汤、赤茯苓汤。该文提出“心受气于脾”理论,为临床治疗类风湿关节炎累及心脏病变提供思路与指导。

加裁调脾护心方治疗高血压心脾两虚证的临床研究

目的:观察加裁调脾护心方治疗高血压心脾两虚证的临床疗效。方法:选取2022年10月—2023年11月就诊于安徽中医药大学第一附属医院心内科的高血压病人60例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组,每组30例。对照组予以常规西药规范治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用加裁调脾护心方。观察两组中医证候积分、中医证候疗效、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分、生活质量评价量表(SF-36)评分。结果:治疗4周后,两组中医证候积分较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组中医证候疗效总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后PSQI评分、SF-36评分均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且治疗组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:加裁调脾护心方可减轻病人临床症状,提高睡眠质量,改善生活质量。

丁书文从脾胃论治心系疾病的临证应用

丁书文教授推崇李东垣的脾胃内伤学说,强调脾胃在人体脏腑功能中的重要性,主张心系疾病从脾胃论治。丁书文教授基于李东垣的学术思想,创立了心系疾病“热毒”学说,指出心系热毒是脾胃功能失调、湿痰瘀热胶结导致。治疗既治心系疾病之标,亦调脾胃后天之本。

李宜瑞辨治注意缺陷多动障碍经验

注意缺陷多动障碍是儿童时期常见的以注意力不集中、多动和冲动为特征的精神-心理-行为障碍疾病之一。李宜瑞教授认为,本病系脏腑阴阳失调所致,心脾肾不足乃病机之本,常兼肝亢、痰湿等标证。临证时宜审慎辨证,用药以四君子汤为基础方,重视健脾,合用龙骨、首乌藤、白芍、石菖蒲、远志、益智、合欢皮、连翘等以增智养神、祛痰开窍,心脾肾同治;同时根据伴随症状进行加减用药,标本兼顾,以调和脏腑阴阳,从而改善注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的注意力、记忆力。

基于“肝为罢极之本”诊治心脾疾病验案四则

“肝为罢极之本”是指通过肝脏的调节,人体各脏腑组织及精气血津液运行皆弛张有度,无太过或不及,以维持中和的状态。若肝脏功能失调,影响全身气机枢转,可导致病理表现截然相反的五脏病变。如肝气疏泄不及,气滞肠腑,或肝血不足,阴津匮乏,会导致大便干结、秘而不通;肝气疏泄太过,横乘脾土,又可导致腹痛泄泻、大便稀溏。肝郁乘脾,脾虚生痰,会出现乏力懒言、多寐等症状;肝火亢盛,影响心神,可导致少寐、不寐。文章列举分析基于“肝为罢极之本”诊治的脾胃病泄泻案、便秘案和心系疾病不寐案、多寐案,旨在说明临床治疗心脾疾病时可以调肝为主,调整阴阳,补虚泻实,双向调节,使肝气无太过亦无不及,全身气血不急不怠,脏腑经络等恢复和合状态。

归脾汤加味联合黛力新治疗心脾两虚型缺血性脑卒中后抑郁临床研究

目的:观察归脾汤加味联合黛力新治疗心脾两虚型缺血性脑卒中后抑郁患者的疗效。方法:选取心脾两虚型缺血性脑卒中后抑郁患者80例,随机分为2组,每组40例。对照组予口服黛力新片治疗,中药组在对照组基础上加服归脾汤加味,两组疗程均为4周,观察比较两组治疗前后美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、健康调查简表(SF-36)评分、血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平、血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平变化情况及临床疗效、不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,两组患者HAMD评分、SF-36评分、NIHSS评分及5-HT、Hcy水平均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且中药组较对照组改善明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中药组总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的80.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中药组不良反应总发生率为5.0%,低于对照组的17.5%(P<0.05)。结论:归脾汤加味联合黛力新可改善心脾两虚型缺血性脑卒中后抑郁患者抑郁状态,安全性较好。

基于Thinc-it工具分析抑郁症不同证型患者认知功能

目的:通过Thinc-it工具探讨抑郁症不同证型患者认知功能特点。方法:从2020年6月至2022年7月宁波市第一医院心身医学科确诊为抑郁症的患者中选取肝气郁结、气郁化火、痰气郁结、心脾两虚证型患者各50例为受试者,并选取同期在医院健康体检志愿者50例为健康对照组。应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(hamilton depression scale,HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)对各组受试者临床症状进行评估,并分别通过Thinc-it工具进行认知功能评估,具体包括认知损害5项问卷(5-item questionnaire for cognitive impairment,PDQ-5-D)、选择反应时间任务(selection response time,CRT)、1-Back记忆任务(selection response time,1-Back)、数字符号替代测试(digit symbol substitution test,DSST)和连线测试B(line test B,TMT-B)测试。结果:抑郁症各证型组病程、HAMD评分、HAMA评分比较,痰气郁结证组和心脾两虚证组病程时间相对更长,但组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。郁证各证型组HAMD评分、HAMA评分高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。郁证各证型组PDQ-5-D评分高于健康对照组(P<0.05),郁证各证型组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与健康对照组比较,郁证各证型组CRT计数减少,CRT反应时间延长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较,心脾两虚证组CRT计数高于肝气郁结证组,痰气郁结证组CRT反应时间长于肝气郁结证组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与健康对照组比较,郁证各证型组1-Back计数减少,痰气郁结证组、心脾两虚证组1-Back反应时间延长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),郁证各证型组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与健康对照组比较,郁证各证型组DSST计数减少,DSST反应时间、TMT-B耗时延长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心脾两虚证组、痰气郁结证组DSST反应时间长于肝气郁结证组、气郁化火证组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:抑郁症各证型患者均存在主观认知功能、注意力、记忆力、执行功能、信息加工处理速度等方面的损害,且各证型受损程度不一,且痰气郁结证组、心脾两虚证组在注意力、执行功能、处理速度方面较肝气郁结证组和气郁化火证组受损更严重。

张艳自拟冠心方治疗冠心病心绞痛临证经验

冠心病心绞痛在心血管疾病中较为常见,属于中医学中“胸痹”“心痛”等范畴。张艳教授行医四十余载,治疗胸痹心痛疗效显著。认为其发病以气虚痰瘀交阻证型较为多见,提出“虚痰瘀”理论,自拟“冠心方”从脾论治冠心病心绞痛,治法为补气健脾,养血活血,化瘀止痛,化痰祛湿。该文章将张艳教授自拟冠心方治疗冠心病心绞痛的临证经验总结作出详细介绍。

基于心力衰竭“脾-线粒体-心”轴探讨“心受气于脾”的理论内涵

《内经》中载“心受气于脾”,心脏的生理病理变化与脾脏功能密切相关。线粒体是真核细胞的“动力室”,为心脏和人体提供能量,与脾为气血生化之源功能相似。多项现代医学研究显示,脾虚证患者中线粒体形态、结构、功能等出现异常,且心力衰竭(简称心衰)患者中存在线粒体功能障碍。“脾-线粒体-心”轴之间交叉相关,轴系失衡则影响心衰等心系疾病的发生、发展,因此恢复“脾-线粒体-心”轴平衡在心衰防治中至关重要。运用中医疗法心脾同调,从平衡“脾-线粒体-心”轴入手,调控线粒体功能,可以显著改善心衰患者及动物模型中的心脏功能,恢复心脏能量代谢,改善患者临床症状。基于现代医学研究,结合中医理论对“脾-线粒体-心”轴进行阐释,进一步探讨了“心受气于脾”的理论内涵,为今后从脾及线粒体功能论治心血管疾病提供新的证据与思路。

基于五行生克理论探析“心-脾-肾”同调辨治慢性心衰

五行学说属于我国古代的一种哲学范畴,五行之间存在生克乘侮关系,运用中医学的五行生克对疾病进行病因病机分析,确立治法,对疾病的防治与诊断具有指导意义。基于五行生克理论提出了“心-脾-肾”同调辨治慢性心衰的发生及演变规律,治以益心复脉、健脾补肾、活血利水为基本治法,使得心、脾、肾三脏互相制衡协调,为其临床治疗心衰提供新的方向与思路。

基于肠道菌群探讨从“肝脾同调”论治冠心病科学内涵

冠心病患病率和病死率逐年增加,严重影响人们生活质量,然其具体的发病原因仍未探明。中医学者认为痰浊、气滞是其重要标实因素,应以疏肝理气、健脾祛痰为主要治法。现代研究发现肠道菌群及其维持的微环境能够通过调节炎症与脂质代谢等影响冠心病及其诱发因素的发生发展,与冠心病息息相关。脾为后天之本,气血生化之源,肠道微环境作为脾脏生理功能的重要体现,与肝脏生理相关,病理相联。该文基于肝脾同调理论,探讨通过中医药调节肠道微生物菌群,改善肠道微环境,进而影响气血运行和调控脂质代谢,达到改善冠心病的目的。

基于五脏相关学说探讨以心脾相关理论治疗脾胃病的思路与临床应用

从心脾相关理论源流、心脾关系辨析出发,探讨基于心脾相关理论的脾胃病病因病机与治疗方法,认为心脾相关理论萌芽于秦汉、发展于晋唐,兴盛于宋元,完善于明清,成熟于近代。在相互关系方面,心脾通过经络、五行、气血、精神情志相关,并在现代研究中的脑-肠轴学说中得到验证。在病因病机方面,火衰土虚、心火乘脾、心脾两虚、心胃不和是心脾相关理论中的最常见的脾胃病发病机制。临床治疗时,可针对各个病机分别以益火补土、泻心扶脾、补心健脾、调心安脾为核心治疗方法。在用药方面,以附子、干姜、桂枝、炙甘草温补心阳,以黄芪、黄连补脾泻火,以黄芪、人参、龙眼肉、当归补心健脾,以首乌藤、玫瑰花、合欢皮等调养心神以安脾胃。

基于“脾为之卫”理论探讨肠道微生态的失衡与心力衰竭的关系

心力衰竭是心血管疾病终末期的致命阶段,因其死亡率和再住院率一直居高不下,故给社会带来了巨大的医疗负担。肠道微生态(IM)是人体最大、最复杂的微生态系统,它是由数以万计的微生物寄居在人体的胃肠道内,这些微生物被统称为肠道菌群(GM)。近些年来随着对肠道菌群研究的不断深入,越来越多的研究发现肠道菌群的失衡会改变心力衰竭患者体内基础代谢,促进全身炎症级联反应,是心力衰竭发生发展的关键诱因之一,因此以肠道微生物稳态作为治疗心力衰竭的新切入点将是医学研究的热点。然而中医理论“脾为之卫”涵盖了脾主运化、脾主升清、藏意主思等生理功能,肠道菌群与“脾为之卫”的职能有一定的相似性。文章从整体观念出发,以中医“脾为之卫”理论为切入,就肠道微生态失衡与心力衰竭发病机制进行阐述,为心力衰竭中医治疗或药物研究提供参考。