Analysis of English Testing Based on Reliability Theory in Language Testing-Taking the English Midterm Test for the First Grade of a Middle School in Hangzhou as an Example

Based on the reliability theory in language testing,this study analyzes the midterm English test of a first grade class in Hangzhou using SPSS software.We will analyze the overall structure and reliability of the test paper,and use cloze as a representative of objective questions to calculate their difficulty and discrimination,in order to explore the quality of the questions and the mastery of the knowledge learned by students.The purpose of this analysis and research is to improve the quality of exam questions and help teachers get useful information from exam results,thereby improving teaching quality.

Entangled relationship:Chinese parents’involvement in young learners’English tests

Young learners’English(YLE)tests have become increasingly prevalent among and important to Chinese English learners and their parents.In China,parents are actively involved in their children’s education and test-taking decisions,and their participation has given rise to a series of social impacts.Although parent involvement has received increasing public and academic attention in newspaper and scholarly articles,there exists no thorough analysis of current research on parents’roles in young learners’test-taking.To address this gap,we systemically analyzed Chinese newspaper articles and academic articles between 2011 and 2021 to elicit Chinese parents’roles in YLE test-taking.Our thematic analysis of the literature identifies the ways in which parents influence their children’s test-taking experiences,and how the tests affect this influence.Specifically,our results elicit 1)parents’engagement in YLE testing;2)parents’understanding of the intended uses of YLE tests;3)parents’perception and consequences of their involvement in YLE testing;and 4)parents’backgrounds.This analysis reveals the popularity of YLE tests among young learners and their parents in China and public concern over test-related issues.It also broadens our understanding of YLE testing impact and suggests future potential research directions.

A Study of the English Oral Tests in Light of the Communicative Language Testing Theory

Speaking,as a productive skill,is a priority for many foreign-language learners.They often evaluate their success in language learning on the basis of how much they feel they have improved in their spoken language proficiency.Consequently,testing of oral skills has hardly been neglected in college English examination.The communicative testing theory in 1970s greatly influenced language testing,especially the oral tests.This essay briefly explores the theory of communicative language testing and discusses the methods of TOEFL oral test and college English oral test and proposes ways to the latter one for further improve ment.

Assessment of Oral English: Testing the Non-English Major Students at Guangxi TCM University in P.R. China

This paper intends to give a brief overview of oral English testing for non-English major students in Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical (TCM) University, which is located in a minority autonomous province in the southern part of P.R. China. It arises from the concrete problems facing Chinese teachers of English who feel troubled when offering an oral English test to an ever increasing number of non-English major students at the end of each semester. The frustration comes not only from the labor intensive and time consuming activity but also from the surrounding ethical issues of subjectivity by the teachers and of injustice to the students to give and receive fair marks. Moreover, there is a conflicting gap between the criteria used by the foreign native English speaking teachers and Chinese teachers of English because of their different cultural background and concept of testing. Nevertheless, an oral English test was designed and the procedures were devised, adopted, and administered to assess the student’s performance. The test and procedures, based on the national course syllabus for testing non-English majors, the level of attainment in oral English of the students, and the limited number of teaching personnel in the TCM University, utilized two different approaches. The native English speakers follow their own concept of devising formats of group testing procedures and assessment criteria forms highlighting communicative interaction. Meanwhile, the Chinese teachers of English emphasize individual rehearsed presentations and ask the student to follow up questions, to make further comment, and inquire about learning experience from the passage in order to make assessment and evaluation. Final student scores were calculated by combining daily participation of the student, the assessment foreign teacher, and the evaluation of Chinese teachers.

Teaching ,Learning &Testing-Reconsideratios on the Pathway for Improving College English Teaching and Learning

The persistent and indefatigable efforts of all the College English teachers have brought about great changes in colle ge English teaching and learning in t he past few years.These changes,however,may be summa rized within the framework of a shift from one form of test -oriented teaching and learnin g to another.In reality,much has yet to be done to improve the language abilities of the studen ts.Under such circumstances,nationwi de English examinations or unified e xaminations at var-ious levels,are bound to make things even worse by misleading college and university teachers in their teaching practice.In this p aper,the author claims that College English teachers and their students should be freed from t he confinement of the unified examin ations so that they will be able to build a real learner -centr ed curriculum as far as possible according to their own needs.Finally,some tentative ideas are presented on the pathway for imp roving the quality of the College English teaching and learning.

Validity Consideration in Designing an Oral English Test

To make oral test accurately reflect the actual English spoken ability of candidates and play its role in guiding and promoting the improvement of English learners in the teaching, we must ensure that the design of scientific questions, the feasibility and validity of judgments to make an accurate and fair measurement of testers' language ability.

Validity Considerations in Designing an Oral English Test

Speaking is the main purpose and most important skill for second language learning.This paper reviews the important validity considerations in designing a test,such as face validity,content validity,on the basis of which the author analyzes the oral test paper for the postgraduate entrance interview in Shaanxi University of Technology,thus putting forward some methods to improve the test paper.

Reliability and Validity of the English Oral Test

English oral test aimsto provide a fair and valid measure of a testee'soral proficiency so asto give an accurate description of his/her oral communicative ability.This paper analysesthe validity and reliability of the college entrance English oral test paper of Guangdong province of 2005.In designing an oral test,in order to make the test reliable,the teacher should take the following factors into consideration:test content,test method,testees'mood,rating scales and rater characteristics.

Evaluation on washback effects of College English Test Band 4

The paper is an evaluative research on the possible washback effects of College English Test. By comparing and analyzing the differences between the old and new tests, it points out three major changes and their possible washback effects on the process of English language teaching and learning： abandon the part of Grammar ＆ Vocabulary, increase the proportion of listening test and change the test reporting form.

Promoting Positive Backwash on Practical English Test for Colleges

Practical English Test for Colleges (PRETCO) is a large-scale national standardized EFL test for the students of higher vocational colleges,postsecondary specialized colleges,and colleges for adults.This thesis is for a preliminary research of PRETCO backwash based on previous studies from home and abroad,making use of their research methods and models.It attempts to explore the aspects of practical English learning of students from higher vocational colleges (HVC) influenced by PRETCO,and the nature of the backwash.Based on the results reported in the study,the writer analyzes the factors inducing negative backwash and puts forward some suggestions for promoting positive one.

A Review of College English Test(CET)

This paper not only introduces the purpose and description of the College English Test(CET) but also evaluates its va-lidity, reliability, authenticity, interactiveness, practicality and impact on the basis of the usefulness framework proposed by Bach-man & Palmer(1996).

An Analysis of Middle School English Test and Its Enlightenment on English Teaching

The English test in senior high school entrance examination is a comprehensive consideration of students’English language proficiency.Scientific,reasonable,and effective examination paper analysis can help to improve the teaching level of teachers.

Reflection of the Reform in CET4 Writing Based on Language Testing Theory

College English Test is one of large-scale examination in our country. Since it was operated in 1987, the test developers kept on test designing and test analysis. In 2013, the Committee of College English Test announced to reform CET exams. This paper is mainly to analyze the reform in the writing part of CET4 based on language testing theory. Also, it aims to give a revision of the writing part considering the disadvantages of the reformed one.

The Application of Itest Paperless Test System in College English Teaching

In the process of public foreign language teaching,teaching evaluation is an indispensable part.With the rapid development of modern science and technology in China,major publishing houses are competing to research various software platforms related to public foreign languages,and carry out the research on the application evaluation of paperless teaching in various disciplines.Among them,the application effect is more prominent is the ITest test platform of FLTRP.This year,our school comprehensively adopts ITest as a means of English teaching evaluation.This paper will focus on the advantages and difficulties of paperless assessment in the process of teaching assessment based on this system,which is of great significance to the future foreign language teaching management of our college.

A Comparative Study of Relevance and Adaptation in Listening Corpus for College English Test Band 4 and 6

The relevance-adaptation theory can be said to be a combination of relevance theory and adaptation theory.It is a kind of cognition of context.Generally speaking,cognition context is a kind of mental cognition,which belongs to a form of mental structure recognition,relating to the knowledge,understanding and relevance of discourse information in this context.This article mainly elaborates the operation mechanism of relevance and adaptation theory and the comparison of relevance of College English Test Band 4 and 6.This can be used as a reference for relevant academic staff.

Overview of Standardized Testing System for ESL Students in U.S. Kindergarten Thru Grade 12 Public Schools

A comprehensive overview of standardized testing system for ESL （English as a Second Language） students in U.S kindergarten thru grade 12 public school system is reviewed within the context of basis on federal and state laws, as well as instructional basis. Identification process of LEP （Limited English Proficient） students via nomination, testing and testing criteria to be identified as LEP, hence ESL if placed in the program is defined in detail Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP （Adequate Yearly Progress） measures through regular state standardized tests depending on three types of instructional program that LEP student is placed in the school that are Bilingual Education Program, ESL Program, and Two-Way Immersion Dual Language Programs are described. Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP measures through other means if exempted from regular state standardized tests such as LAT （Linguistically Accommodated Testing） and the conditions to be exempted are discussed in detail. Holistically rated English Language Proficiency Assessments that are implemented to fulfill federal AMAOs （Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives） measures are defined briefly. Physical features of LAT test as well as direct and indirect accommodations for LAT reading, mathematics and science tests are defined via the accommodation needed and the type of assistance provided. Lastly, testing criteria to exit LEP status and other issues concerning exiting LEP status are reviewed

Study on the Factors Affecting the Ability of Higher Vocational College Students in Practical English Test

Practical English test for higher vocational colleges is examining students learning effect, curriculum arrangement and teaching model rationality, and it is one of the important propositions in the study of English application ability. In practical English test, concreteness, pertinence and practicability are emphasized. It is closely linked with the students＇ knowledge practice and attracts more attention from school teachers and students to a large extent. In the real interactive teaching and learning, the scores of higher vocational college students in practical English test are affected by many factors. In this paper, the factors affecting the ability of higher vocational college students in practical English test are discussed from teaching model, learning strategies, and the cultivation of the students＇ English comprehensive ability.

An Investigation into the Development of a Spoken English Test

This paper investigates the development of a spoken English test.The nature of speaking test and its design principles are first reviewed.Then the procedure of the test development is elaborated in detail,namely,design stage,construction stage and try out stage.The challenges facing the development of spoken test are finally discussed.

Validity Study on the Test Paper of the Academic English Reading and Writing Course

The aim of this study is to conduct the validity analysis of the test paper of the academic English reading and writing course referring to the freshmen of non-English majors in a university of Technology in Shanghai.The validity is mainly analyzed from these three aspects:the content and construct validity,the reaction process,and the internal structure of the test paper.And the principles of language assessment in the design of the test paper are given in this study.The validity study was also conducted in a class with 42 freshmen,and the scores of them were analyzed through the internal correlation coefficient from Statistic Package for Social Science(SPSS)25.0.Finally,the validity of the test paper is concluded.

Being Tested With Inequity A theoretical analysis of legitimate English in IETLS and TOEFL

With the ever increasing popularity of international standardized English proficiency tests,the test takers' craze for them has nev er been greater.However,the issue of the inequity which comes from the legitimate knowledge which decides a test-taker's score hasn't been fully exposed.The theoretical study of this issue in this paper helps explore the legitimate knowledge tested in international English proficiency tests.By examining the legitimate knowledge in the sample tests of IELTS and TOEFL,the study reveals the underlying bias which constitutes a decent score for the test takers.In the end,the study proposes a more balanced assessment model for discussion.