In this era of globalization,English has become the universal language for international communication.Whether it’s business negotiations,studying abroad,or daily communication,fluent English oral expression is cruci...In this era of globalization,English has become the universal language for international communication.Whether it’s business negotiations,studying abroad,or daily communication,fluent English oral expression is crucial.For studying abroad,good English oral expression skills can not only help you better adapt to the new environment,but also allow you to have a deeper understanding of the local culture.In daily life,being able to express your thoughts fluently in English can help you better communicate with foreign friends and expand your social circle.Therefore,improving English oral expression ability is very important for everyone.Below,the author will share some practical English oral expression and communication skills to help you improve your English speaking skills and communicate more confidently with others.By mastering these practical English oral expression and communication skills,your English oral proficiency will improve and you will be more confident in communicating with others.展开更多
The Foreign Trade English Correspondence is one of the main courses of International Trade majors.Due to the habit of thinking in Chinese,students usually cannot correctly and flexibly use post-positive attributives i...The Foreign Trade English Correspondence is one of the main courses of International Trade majors.Due to the habit of thinking in Chinese,students usually cannot correctly and flexibly use post-positive attributives in the correspondence writing of foreign trade.Participle phrases,prepositional phrases,attributive clauses,infinitive phrases,adjective phrases and apposition clauses all can follow nouns as post-positive attributives to modify nouns.Mastering the correct expression of post-positive attrib⁃utives will help students improve their writing competence of foreign trade correspondence.展开更多
By adopting quantitative analysis,based on the statements for oral scale of CSE(China Standards of English)level five,this paper investigated the current status,common difficulties and control factors on oral English ...By adopting quantitative analysis,based on the statements for oral scale of CSE(China Standards of English)level five,this paper investigated the current status,common difficulties and control factors on oral English competency of nonEnglish majors in second-tier universities,which was conducted using questionnaires that includes six dimensions of language expression:accuracy,complexity,coherence,fluency,appropriateness,and flexibility.The results showed that:(i)the overall oral English competency of college non-English majors hasn't met the statements of CSE level five;(ii)female students significantly outperformed male students,and business majors students significantly outperformed those in liberal arts majors who were significantly better than those in science majors;(iii)there was no significant difference between grades;(iv)the flexibility,coherence and accuracy of language expression almost reached the standard grade,but the common core difficulties faced by the students were mainly in pronunciation,scope oflanguage expression,fluency and appropriateness.Unclear goals,less practice and poor vocabulary were major impact factors.The research is helpful for strengthening students?knowledge on their own oral English competency as well as adjusting their oral practice objectives,thereby shedding light on students5 actual oral English proficiency and helping to clarify and refine the teaching objectives of speaking and promote the effective practice of oral English as well as the rational application of CSE.展开更多
It’s very necessary to study the translation of figurative expressions from English into Chinese since two languages differ a lot in lexical,syntactic and cultural aspects.In terms of translation approaches there are...It’s very necessary to study the translation of figurative expressions from English into Chinese since two languages differ a lot in lexical,syntactic and cultural aspects.In terms of translation approaches there are three ones largely used depending on different situations: literal translation from English into Chinese,translation from figurative expressions into figurative ones and translation from figurative expressions into nonfigurative ones.展开更多
This analysis purposely mines the connection between English proverbs and other means of expressions in English.English proverbs locate an indispensable role in English language,which obtain the characteristics of met...This analysis purposely mines the connection between English proverbs and other means of expressions in English.English proverbs locate an indispensable role in English language,which obtain the characteristics of metaphor,rhythm,eloquence,syntax,etc.展开更多
This is a research report on the interrelationship among understanding, memory and oral expression in listening comprehension training. The research investigated 150 non-English majors through a questionnaire in a hig...This is a research report on the interrelationship among understanding, memory and oral expression in listening comprehension training. The research investigated 150 non-English majors through a questionnaire in a higher vocational college. The result indicates that the interrelationship among understanding, memory and oral expression in listening classes which are determined by the listening materials and teaching method directly influences students' listening proficiency and speaking ability. It is suggested that some strategies to be used to foster students' abilities in these three areas so as to improve their listening ability.展开更多
A good translation involves the language as well as the culture.Providing many convincing examples,this thesis attemptsto describe and discuss the differences and similarities in animal words between Chinese and Engli...A good translation involves the language as well as the culture.Providing many convincing examples,this thesis attemptsto describe and discuss the differences and similarities in animal words between Chinese and English expressions so as to exploretheir cultural connotations and interaction with translation.展开更多
At present, the whole process of international trade must use a lot of euphemistic expressions, so the expression of euphemism is very important in business English. Of course, a good business English staff must recog...At present, the whole process of international trade must use a lot of euphemistic expressions, so the expression of euphemism is very important in business English. Of course, a good business English staff must recognize the importance of euphemism, only effectively master the method of euphemistic expressions, flexibly show the euphemism in the business negotiation,the two sides can conclude the transaction, promote cooperation and achieve win-win result. Therefore, this paper will analyze the communicative function of euphemism, then mainly discuss the expression of euphemism in business Negotiations.展开更多
With the development of the global economy and the quick growth of international exchanges,Business English major plays an increasingly important role in higher education.The training goal of Business English major(pu...With the development of the global economy and the quick growth of international exchanges,Business English major plays an increasingly important role in higher education.The training goal of Business English major(publishing direction)has gradually shifted from the improvement of studentslanguage abilities to the cultivation of more specialized business knowledge and publishing skills.As an important course for Business English majors(publishing direction),Printing English is of great significance for cultivating studentsprofessional quality,professional competitiveness,career development,and practical ability.From the perspective of curriculum setting,it is necessary to re-understand the importance of Printing English in the curriculum setting of Business English major(publishing direction),and put forward corresponding teaching methods and strategies.展开更多
Reading is one of the core skills in English learning.It is indispensable for EFL learners to develop good English reading literacy in primary schools.English picture books are consistent with pupils’cognitive and th...Reading is one of the core skills in English learning.It is indispensable for EFL learners to develop good English reading literacy in primary schools.English picture books are consistent with pupils’cognitive and thinking modes,which is valuable to improve their English reading literacy.However,at present,most Chinese pupils have some problems in English reading.The paper aims at analyzing the current problems in Chinese pupils’English reading and digging out the values and strategies of English picture book reading,so as to stimulate their reading interests,cultivate their intercultural awareness,and improve their English reading literacy.展开更多
As a tool for human communication,the use of language is affected by the way of thinking in cross-cultural communication.Due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures,the way of thinking varies under the...As a tool for human communication,the use of language is affected by the way of thinking in cross-cultural communication.Due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures,the way of thinking varies under the influence of such cultural differences.In the process of translation,the influence of the different thinking mode on translation activities cannot be ignored.At present,a lot of studies and researches have focused on the influence of Chinese and Western thinking mode on translation.However,it is still worthwhile to study what specific influence the difference between Chinese and Western thinking mode will exert on the translation process of science texts and what kind of measure should be taken to solve the negative influence brought by the differences when we are translating.This paper aims to discuss the influence of thinking differences between Chinese and Western countries on the process of English-Chinese translation of science and technology from the perspectives of long sentences,passive voice and nominalization,and how the translators should appropriately adjust their thinking pattern and use reasonable skills to eliminate the potential negative interference caused by the difference and achieve a better transformation between English and Chinese.展开更多
The expressions are the mirrors of the cultural diversities,and usually different cultural connotations bring them quite surprising associations.So it is important to analyze the similarities and differences of cultur...The expressions are the mirrors of the cultural diversities,and usually different cultural connotations bring them quite surprising associations.So it is important to analyze the similarities and differences of cultural connotations in different languages.With animal expressions as target,the paper analyzes cultural connotations in the expressions involving animals in English and Chinese comparatively by a number of examples.This may help people gain a comprehensive and deeper insight into different cultural connotations of English and Chinese idioms,and further improve the communication of the two cultures.展开更多
The main goal of English teaching in colleges and universities is to cultivate students’ability to use the language,but many students are still unable to complete oral communication fluently after years of study.For ...The main goal of English teaching in colleges and universities is to cultivate students’ability to use the language,but many students are still unable to complete oral communication fluently after years of study.For this reason,teachers need to deeply analyze and study the linguistic features of oral English corpora and formulate reasonable teaching strategies to improve students’oral expression skills.This paper outlines the linguistic features of oral English corpora,comparatively analyzes the differences between oral English corpora and written English corpora,and explores effective teaching strategies,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant teachers.展开更多
This study investigates the identity of English for Specific Purposes(ESP)teachers within the dynamic landscape of shifts in public English teaching positioning.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,qualitative and quanti...This study investigates the identity of English for Specific Purposes(ESP)teachers within the dynamic landscape of shifts in public English teaching positioning.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed to explore the complexities of ESP teacher identity construction and adaptation.Qualitative findings revealed key themes including strong professional identity grounded in specialized expertise,the impact of changing educational policies and curriculum reforms,and the importance of cultural competence and intercultural communication.Quantitative analysis of survey data indicated high levels of job satisfaction among ESP teachers,with significant correlations between variables such as professional development participation,perceived efficacy in technology integration,and self-perceptions of identity as ESP educators.展开更多
English reading holds a pivotal position in junior high school English teaching,constituting an integral component of the entire educational process.Nowadays,it is imperative for English teachers to transcend the conv...English reading holds a pivotal position in junior high school English teaching,constituting an integral component of the entire educational process.Nowadays,it is imperative for English teachers to transcend the conventional,superficial reading instruction models and adopt a deep learning framework to fashion a profound reading classroom for students.This approach allows students to engage in inductive integration,application evaluation,and internalization and transfer,enabling them to delve into seemingly intricate and challenging texts,exploring them from multiple dimensions,including content,structure,and cultural implications.Ultimately,this fosters the development of students'comprehensive reading abilities and English core literacy.This paper,drawing from the perspective of deep learning and incorporating specific case studies,aims to devise a junior high school English reading instruction design that is both academically rigorous and emotionally engaging,with a focus on enhancing students'English core literacy and overall reading proficiency.展开更多
Chinese non-English majors are a large group of English learners.In the process of English pronunciation acquisition,issues such as incomplete phonological knowledge,transfer of mother tongue,and overgeneralization,le...Chinese non-English majors are a large group of English learners.In the process of English pronunciation acquisition,issues such as incomplete phonological knowledge,transfer of mother tongue,and overgeneralization,lead to confusion of phonemes and stress,misunderstanding of syllable structure,and errors of assimilation,drop,and epenthesis.The accuracy of English pronunciation can only be improved by knowing both English and Chinese phonological systems,strengthening the teaching of English phonological knowledge,and adopting various phonological training activities.展开更多
Background: Retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular pediatric cancer, presents complexities in its genetic landscape that necessitate a deeper understanding for improved therapeutic interventions. This study lever...Background: Retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular pediatric cancer, presents complexities in its genetic landscape that necessitate a deeper understanding for improved therapeutic interventions. This study leverages computational tools to dissect the differential gene expression profiles in retinoblastoma. Methods: Employing an in silico approach, we analyzed gene expression data from public repositories by applying rigorous statistical models, including limma and de seq 2, for identifying differentially expressed genes DEGs. Our findings were validated through cross-referencing with independent datasets and existing literature. We further employed functional annotation and pathway analysis to elucidate the biological significance of these DEGs. Results: Our computational analysis confirmed the dysregulation of key retinoblastoma-associated genes. In comparison to normal retinal tissue, RB1 exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in expression (adjusted p Conclusions: Our analysis reinforces the critical genetic alterations known in retinoblastoma and unveils new avenues for research into the disease’s molecular basis. The discovery of chemoresistance markers and immune-related genes opens potential pathways for personalized treatment strategies. The study’s outcomes emphasize the power of in silico analyses in unraveling complex cancer genomics.展开更多
Pyraclostrobin(PYR),a widely used fungicide,has negative effects on fish and algae,but its toxicity in protozoa remains unclear.In this study,the effects of PYR on the growth,oxidative stress,and gene expression relat...Pyraclostrobin(PYR),a widely used fungicide,has negative effects on fish and algae,but its toxicity in protozoa remains unclear.In this study,the effects of PYR on the growth,oxidative stress,and gene expression related to stress and ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters in Tetrahymena thermophila were investigated.The result showed that the 96-h IC_(50)of PYR against T.thermophila was 17.2 mg/L.Moreover,PYR inhibited the growth of T.thermophila in concentration-or time-dependent manner.A morphological study revealed that the shape and size of T.thermophila changed,and damage of cell membrane surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy after 96 h of PYR exposure.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)increased throughout the experiment.In contrast,the glutathione(GSH)content was increased at 24 h and 48 h of exposure and decreased at 96 h.Moreover,a significant increase in malondialdehyde(MDA)level was observed in T.thermophila after96 h of exposure.Furthermore,PYR upregulated the HSP703,HSP705,GPx2,and ABAC15 gene expression in the 0.1–5-mg/L groups and downregulated the HSP704,HSP90,TGR,and ABCC52 mRNA levels at 96 h of exposure.These results suggest that PYR may exert adverse effects on T.thermophila by inducing oxidative stress and changing the gene expression related to ABC transporters and stress,which may enrich the understanding of the toxicity mechanism of PYR in aquatic organisms and provide reference data for aquatic ecological risk assessments.展开更多
文摘In this era of globalization,English has become the universal language for international communication.Whether it’s business negotiations,studying abroad,or daily communication,fluent English oral expression is crucial.For studying abroad,good English oral expression skills can not only help you better adapt to the new environment,but also allow you to have a deeper understanding of the local culture.In daily life,being able to express your thoughts fluently in English can help you better communicate with foreign friends and expand your social circle.Therefore,improving English oral expression ability is very important for everyone.Below,the author will share some practical English oral expression and communication skills to help you improve your English speaking skills and communicate more confidently with others.By mastering these practical English oral expression and communication skills,your English oral proficiency will improve and you will be more confident in communicating with others.
文摘The Foreign Trade English Correspondence is one of the main courses of International Trade majors.Due to the habit of thinking in Chinese,students usually cannot correctly and flexibly use post-positive attributives in the correspondence writing of foreign trade.Participle phrases,prepositional phrases,attributive clauses,infinitive phrases,adjective phrases and apposition clauses all can follow nouns as post-positive attributives to modify nouns.Mastering the correct expression of post-positive attrib⁃utives will help students improve their writing competence of foreign trade correspondence.
基金the Project"Research on Peer Education in College English Classroom Reconstruction"(GD18WZX34)A Study of Chinese SBUs from the Perspective of Ritual Theory of Interpersonal Relations55(GD17WXZ19)supported by Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science Foundation.
文摘By adopting quantitative analysis,based on the statements for oral scale of CSE(China Standards of English)level five,this paper investigated the current status,common difficulties and control factors on oral English competency of nonEnglish majors in second-tier universities,which was conducted using questionnaires that includes six dimensions of language expression:accuracy,complexity,coherence,fluency,appropriateness,and flexibility.The results showed that:(i)the overall oral English competency of college non-English majors hasn't met the statements of CSE level five;(ii)female students significantly outperformed male students,and business majors students significantly outperformed those in liberal arts majors who were significantly better than those in science majors;(iii)there was no significant difference between grades;(iv)the flexibility,coherence and accuracy of language expression almost reached the standard grade,but the common core difficulties faced by the students were mainly in pronunciation,scope oflanguage expression,fluency and appropriateness.Unclear goals,less practice and poor vocabulary were major impact factors.The research is helpful for strengthening students?knowledge on their own oral English competency as well as adjusting their oral practice objectives,thereby shedding light on students5 actual oral English proficiency and helping to clarify and refine the teaching objectives of speaking and promote the effective practice of oral English as well as the rational application of CSE.
文摘It’s very necessary to study the translation of figurative expressions from English into Chinese since two languages differ a lot in lexical,syntactic and cultural aspects.In terms of translation approaches there are three ones largely used depending on different situations: literal translation from English into Chinese,translation from figurative expressions into figurative ones and translation from figurative expressions into nonfigurative ones.
文摘This analysis purposely mines the connection between English proverbs and other means of expressions in English.English proverbs locate an indispensable role in English language,which obtain the characteristics of metaphor,rhythm,eloquence,syntax,etc.
文摘This is a research report on the interrelationship among understanding, memory and oral expression in listening comprehension training. The research investigated 150 non-English majors through a questionnaire in a higher vocational college. The result indicates that the interrelationship among understanding, memory and oral expression in listening classes which are determined by the listening materials and teaching method directly influences students' listening proficiency and speaking ability. It is suggested that some strategies to be used to foster students' abilities in these three areas so as to improve their listening ability.
文摘A good translation involves the language as well as the culture.Providing many convincing examples,this thesis attemptsto describe and discuss the differences and similarities in animal words between Chinese and English expressions so as to exploretheir cultural connotations and interaction with translation.
文摘At present, the whole process of international trade must use a lot of euphemistic expressions, so the expression of euphemism is very important in business English. Of course, a good business English staff must recognize the importance of euphemism, only effectively master the method of euphemistic expressions, flexibly show the euphemism in the business negotiation,the two sides can conclude the transaction, promote cooperation and achieve win-win result. Therefore, this paper will analyze the communicative function of euphemism, then mainly discuss the expression of euphemism in business Negotiations.
文摘With the development of the global economy and the quick growth of international exchanges,Business English major plays an increasingly important role in higher education.The training goal of Business English major(publishing direction)has gradually shifted from the improvement of studentslanguage abilities to the cultivation of more specialized business knowledge and publishing skills.As an important course for Business English majors(publishing direction),Printing English is of great significance for cultivating studentsprofessional quality,professional competitiveness,career development,and practical ability.From the perspective of curriculum setting,it is necessary to re-understand the importance of Printing English in the curriculum setting of Business English major(publishing direction),and put forward corresponding teaching methods and strategies.
基金This paper is one of the results of the research programs the author participated“Research on Primary School English Picture Book Reading Teaching Practice from the Perspective of Subject Core Literacy”(Grant Fund No.2022ZJY1214)the key project of the“14th Five-Year Plan”for Education Science in Guangxi in 2022.
文摘Reading is one of the core skills in English learning.It is indispensable for EFL learners to develop good English reading literacy in primary schools.English picture books are consistent with pupils’cognitive and thinking modes,which is valuable to improve their English reading literacy.However,at present,most Chinese pupils have some problems in English reading.The paper aims at analyzing the current problems in Chinese pupils’English reading and digging out the values and strategies of English picture book reading,so as to stimulate their reading interests,cultivate their intercultural awareness,and improve their English reading literacy.
文摘As a tool for human communication,the use of language is affected by the way of thinking in cross-cultural communication.Due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures,the way of thinking varies under the influence of such cultural differences.In the process of translation,the influence of the different thinking mode on translation activities cannot be ignored.At present,a lot of studies and researches have focused on the influence of Chinese and Western thinking mode on translation.However,it is still worthwhile to study what specific influence the difference between Chinese and Western thinking mode will exert on the translation process of science texts and what kind of measure should be taken to solve the negative influence brought by the differences when we are translating.This paper aims to discuss the influence of thinking differences between Chinese and Western countries on the process of English-Chinese translation of science and technology from the perspectives of long sentences,passive voice and nominalization,and how the translators should appropriately adjust their thinking pattern and use reasonable skills to eliminate the potential negative interference caused by the difference and achieve a better transformation between English and Chinese.
文摘The expressions are the mirrors of the cultural diversities,and usually different cultural connotations bring them quite surprising associations.So it is important to analyze the similarities and differences of cultural connotations in different languages.With animal expressions as target,the paper analyzes cultural connotations in the expressions involving animals in English and Chinese comparatively by a number of examples.This may help people gain a comprehensive and deeper insight into different cultural connotations of English and Chinese idioms,and further improve the communication of the two cultures.
文摘The main goal of English teaching in colleges and universities is to cultivate students’ability to use the language,but many students are still unable to complete oral communication fluently after years of study.For this reason,teachers need to deeply analyze and study the linguistic features of oral English corpora and formulate reasonable teaching strategies to improve students’oral expression skills.This paper outlines the linguistic features of oral English corpora,comparatively analyzes the differences between oral English corpora and written English corpora,and explores effective teaching strategies,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant teachers.
基金China Association for Non-Government Education’s 2023 Annual Planned Project(School Development Category)“Identity Study of ESP Teachers in the Context of Shifts in Public English Teaching Positioning”(CANFZG23039)。
文摘This study investigates the identity of English for Specific Purposes(ESP)teachers within the dynamic landscape of shifts in public English teaching positioning.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed to explore the complexities of ESP teacher identity construction and adaptation.Qualitative findings revealed key themes including strong professional identity grounded in specialized expertise,the impact of changing educational policies and curriculum reforms,and the importance of cultural competence and intercultural communication.Quantitative analysis of survey data indicated high levels of job satisfaction among ESP teachers,with significant correlations between variables such as professional development participation,perceived efficacy in technology integration,and self-perceptions of identity as ESP educators.
文摘English reading holds a pivotal position in junior high school English teaching,constituting an integral component of the entire educational process.Nowadays,it is imperative for English teachers to transcend the conventional,superficial reading instruction models and adopt a deep learning framework to fashion a profound reading classroom for students.This approach allows students to engage in inductive integration,application evaluation,and internalization and transfer,enabling them to delve into seemingly intricate and challenging texts,exploring them from multiple dimensions,including content,structure,and cultural implications.Ultimately,this fosters the development of students'comprehensive reading abilities and English core literacy.This paper,drawing from the perspective of deep learning and incorporating specific case studies,aims to devise a junior high school English reading instruction design that is both academically rigorous and emotionally engaging,with a focus on enhancing students'English core literacy and overall reading proficiency.
文摘Chinese non-English majors are a large group of English learners.In the process of English pronunciation acquisition,issues such as incomplete phonological knowledge,transfer of mother tongue,and overgeneralization,lead to confusion of phonemes and stress,misunderstanding of syllable structure,and errors of assimilation,drop,and epenthesis.The accuracy of English pronunciation can only be improved by knowing both English and Chinese phonological systems,strengthening the teaching of English phonological knowledge,and adopting various phonological training activities.
文摘Background: Retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular pediatric cancer, presents complexities in its genetic landscape that necessitate a deeper understanding for improved therapeutic interventions. This study leverages computational tools to dissect the differential gene expression profiles in retinoblastoma. Methods: Employing an in silico approach, we analyzed gene expression data from public repositories by applying rigorous statistical models, including limma and de seq 2, for identifying differentially expressed genes DEGs. Our findings were validated through cross-referencing with independent datasets and existing literature. We further employed functional annotation and pathway analysis to elucidate the biological significance of these DEGs. Results: Our computational analysis confirmed the dysregulation of key retinoblastoma-associated genes. In comparison to normal retinal tissue, RB1 exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in expression (adjusted p Conclusions: Our analysis reinforces the critical genetic alterations known in retinoblastoma and unveils new avenues for research into the disease’s molecular basis. The discovery of chemoresistance markers and immune-related genes opens potential pathways for personalized treatment strategies. The study’s outcomes emphasize the power of in silico analyses in unraveling complex cancer genomics.
基金the Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Province to College Youth Backbone Teacher(No.2021118)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFE0112000)。
文摘Pyraclostrobin(PYR),a widely used fungicide,has negative effects on fish and algae,but its toxicity in protozoa remains unclear.In this study,the effects of PYR on the growth,oxidative stress,and gene expression related to stress and ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters in Tetrahymena thermophila were investigated.The result showed that the 96-h IC_(50)of PYR against T.thermophila was 17.2 mg/L.Moreover,PYR inhibited the growth of T.thermophila in concentration-or time-dependent manner.A morphological study revealed that the shape and size of T.thermophila changed,and damage of cell membrane surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy after 96 h of PYR exposure.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)increased throughout the experiment.In contrast,the glutathione(GSH)content was increased at 24 h and 48 h of exposure and decreased at 96 h.Moreover,a significant increase in malondialdehyde(MDA)level was observed in T.thermophila after96 h of exposure.Furthermore,PYR upregulated the HSP703,HSP705,GPx2,and ABAC15 gene expression in the 0.1–5-mg/L groups and downregulated the HSP704,HSP90,TGR,and ABCC52 mRNA levels at 96 h of exposure.These results suggest that PYR may exert adverse effects on T.thermophila by inducing oxidative stress and changing the gene expression related to ABC transporters and stress,which may enrich the understanding of the toxicity mechanism of PYR in aquatic organisms and provide reference data for aquatic ecological risk assessments.