Coalbed gases (CBG) in Enhong syncline are characterized by high concentration of C2+ (C2-5 ), with the highest content of ethane over 30%. However, the concentrations of C2+ are not evenly distributed in the syncline...Coalbed gases (CBG) in Enhong syncline are characterized by high concentration of C2+ (C2-5 ), with the highest content of ethane over 30%. However, the concentrations of C2+ are not evenly distributed in the syncline. Based on the analysis of δ13C1 , δ13C2 , δ13C3 , δ13CO2 , δDCH4 of CBG and their origin diagrams in the normal and abnormal areas, this research shows that gases in both areas are thermogenic gases and the reason for the uneven distribution of C2+ is that the microbial degradation action on gases is stronger in the normal area than in the abnormal area. The secondary biologic gases in the normal area are mainly characterized by that the carbon isotopes become obviously lighter in methane and become heavier in ethane, whereas the molecular and isotopic compositions of CO2 change little. These features indicate that the secondary biologic gases are mainly generated by the microbial degradation of C2+ , not generated by the reduction of CO2 . The degradation process is selective to make the residual ethane being enriched in 13C and the generated methane rich in 12C.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective efficacy of Bunao Fuyuan decoction(BNFY)on cerebral Ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.METHODS:The mouse PC12 cells were chosen,and the oxidative-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective efficacy of Bunao Fuyuan decoction(BNFY)on cerebral Ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.METHODS:The mouse PC12 cells were chosen,and the oxidative-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation(OGD/R)injury model were established to simulate cerebral I/R injury.Atorvastatin was selected as a positive drug,and a gradient dose of BNFY was given for 6,12 and 24 h.3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide(MTT)assay were used to detect cell viability at each time point.Cell apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP-botin nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining.enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1βand platelet activating factor(PAF).Western blot assay were performed to detect the expression of key regulators[toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),p-p38 mito-gen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and p-Akt(also known as protein kinase B,PKB)]of cell survival and inflammatory response.RESULTS:The results of MTT assay and TUNEL staining assay revealed that BNFY significantly increased cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis of PC12 cells following OGD/R,respectively.Furthermore,the expression of TNF-α,1 L-6,1 L-1βand PAF were decreased after BNFY treatment.And the results of Western blot assay showed that BNFY downregulated TLR4,NF-κB,p-p38 MAPK expression and upregulated p-Akt expression.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that BNFY may play a role in protecting OGD/R injured PC12 cells through inhibiting the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40730422)the Key Special Project of the National Science and Technology of China (No.2011ZX05034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 2010QNA51)
文摘Coalbed gases (CBG) in Enhong syncline are characterized by high concentration of C2+ (C2-5 ), with the highest content of ethane over 30%. However, the concentrations of C2+ are not evenly distributed in the syncline. Based on the analysis of δ13C1 , δ13C2 , δ13C3 , δ13CO2 , δDCH4 of CBG and their origin diagrams in the normal and abnormal areas, this research shows that gases in both areas are thermogenic gases and the reason for the uneven distribution of C2+ is that the microbial degradation action on gases is stronger in the normal area than in the abnormal area. The secondary biologic gases in the normal area are mainly characterized by that the carbon isotopes become obviously lighter in methane and become heavier in ethane, whereas the molecular and isotopic compositions of CO2 change little. These features indicate that the secondary biologic gases are mainly generated by the microbial degradation of C2+ , not generated by the reduction of CO2 . The degradation process is selective to make the residual ethane being enriched in 13C and the generated methane rich in 12C.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective efficacy of Bunao Fuyuan decoction(BNFY)on cerebral Ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.METHODS:The mouse PC12 cells were chosen,and the oxidative-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation(OGD/R)injury model were established to simulate cerebral I/R injury.Atorvastatin was selected as a positive drug,and a gradient dose of BNFY was given for 6,12 and 24 h.3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide(MTT)assay were used to detect cell viability at each time point.Cell apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP-botin nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining.enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1βand platelet activating factor(PAF).Western blot assay were performed to detect the expression of key regulators[toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),p-p38 mito-gen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and p-Akt(also known as protein kinase B,PKB)]of cell survival and inflammatory response.RESULTS:The results of MTT assay and TUNEL staining assay revealed that BNFY significantly increased cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis of PC12 cells following OGD/R,respectively.Furthermore,the expression of TNF-α,1 L-6,1 L-1βand PAF were decreased after BNFY treatment.And the results of Western blot assay showed that BNFY downregulated TLR4,NF-κB,p-p38 MAPK expression and upregulated p-Akt expression.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that BNFY may play a role in protecting OGD/R injured PC12 cells through inhibiting the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis.
