Lodging occurs when the crop canopy is too heavy for the strength of the stem and it fallsover onto the ground. This decreases crop yield and quality, and it makes harvest difficult.A research experiment was set up in...Lodging occurs when the crop canopy is too heavy for the strength of the stem and it fallsover onto the ground. This decreases crop yield and quality, and it makes harvest difficult.A research experiment was set up in a spearmint field on a center pivot with mid elevationspray application (MESA) overhead sprinklers, where the water was applied from a “midelevation” of 2 m above the ground level (AGL), and low elevation precision application(LEPA) sprinklers, where the water was emitted directly onto the soil surface through draghoses without wetting the crop canopy. Every-other span of this full-size center pivot wasconfigured with MESA and LEPA sprinklers alternatively. In 2018, imagery was collectedwith an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from a cross section of this field. In 2019, a crosssection was again collected, but in addition UAV imagery was collected from marked lodgedand un-lodged areas of the field to validate the lodging detection method. These UAV-basedimagery data were captured with a ground sample distance (GSD) of 0.03 m. This researchintroduces using the texture feature, which is based on image entropy, was used to evaluate the degree of lodging. The results from 2018 showed that the average entropy of thegrayscale image from LEPA (5.5 (mean) ± 0.27 (standard deviation)) was significantly(P < 0.0001) greater than the average entropy (5.0 ± 0.25) of MESA. Also, the entropy valueextracted from the images in 2019 from the marked un-lodged locations were significantlyhigher compared to that of the lodged areas. Overall, the LEPA irrigation treatment was significantly less lodged compared to MESA. Moreover, the entropy value, or texture feature, isa viable method for estimating lodging using low altitude RGB imagery.展开更多
Based on a total of 16 indicators selected from the tourism and transport industries,an evaluation index system of the coupling and coordination development level of tourism and transport is constructed.The entropy va...Based on a total of 16 indicators selected from the tourism and transport industries,an evaluation index system of the coupling and coordination development level of tourism and transport is constructed.The entropy value method and the coupling coordination degree model are used to conduct an empirical study on the development level and coupling coordination level of the transport and tourism industries in Chengdu City from 2011 to 2020.The results show that,on the whole,the coupling coordination degree of transport and tourism in Chengdu is poor and has been in a state of mild to moderate dysfunction.The development level of tourism lagged behind the development of transport from 2011 to 2012,and the two were in a state of mild dysfunction.However,from 2013 onwards,the development level of tourism was prioritized over the development level of transport.This shift caused the coupling coordination degree of the two industries to decline sharply to 0.23305 in 2013.The development level of the tourism industry increased again,reaching 0.34206 in 2019,which marked an improvement.Consequently,the coordination degree of the transport and tourism industries evolved from moderate dislocation to mild dislocation.Finally,the results of the empirical research are analyzed,and corresponding suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable growth of the transport and tourism industries in Chengdu City.These suggestions aim to improve the coupled and coordinated development level of the two industries.展开更多
Low carbon intensive use of urban land is an important trend to achieve regional high quality development.In this study,with Kaifeng municipal district as an example,the catastrophe progression model was used to estim...Low carbon intensive use of urban land is an important trend to achieve regional high quality development.In this study,with Kaifeng municipal district as an example,the catastrophe progression model was used to estimate and analyze the low-carbon intensive use level of urban land in Kaifeng City from 2011 to 2020,and the obstacle factors in the process of low-carbon intensive land use in Kaifeng City were revealed by using the obstacle degree model.The results showed that during the study period,the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City showed a slow,fluctuating and declining trend,and the overall situation was in a generally intensive state.The land input level and land output level were on the rise,while the low-carbon level of land and the degree of land use were on the decline.Currently,the main obstacle factors restricting the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City were the carbon structure coefficient of land use,energy consumption per square kilometer,carbon emissions per square kilometer,carbon emissions per capita,and non-agricultural land use efficiency.In the future,it is necessary to further improve the land use structure and promote the high-quality development of Kaifeng City.展开更多
文摘Lodging occurs when the crop canopy is too heavy for the strength of the stem and it fallsover onto the ground. This decreases crop yield and quality, and it makes harvest difficult.A research experiment was set up in a spearmint field on a center pivot with mid elevationspray application (MESA) overhead sprinklers, where the water was applied from a “midelevation” of 2 m above the ground level (AGL), and low elevation precision application(LEPA) sprinklers, where the water was emitted directly onto the soil surface through draghoses without wetting the crop canopy. Every-other span of this full-size center pivot wasconfigured with MESA and LEPA sprinklers alternatively. In 2018, imagery was collectedwith an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from a cross section of this field. In 2019, a crosssection was again collected, but in addition UAV imagery was collected from marked lodgedand un-lodged areas of the field to validate the lodging detection method. These UAV-basedimagery data were captured with a ground sample distance (GSD) of 0.03 m. This researchintroduces using the texture feature, which is based on image entropy, was used to evaluate the degree of lodging. The results from 2018 showed that the average entropy of thegrayscale image from LEPA (5.5 (mean) ± 0.27 (standard deviation)) was significantly(P < 0.0001) greater than the average entropy (5.0 ± 0.25) of MESA. Also, the entropy valueextracted from the images in 2019 from the marked un-lodged locations were significantlyhigher compared to that of the lodged areas. Overall, the LEPA irrigation treatment was significantly less lodged compared to MESA. Moreover, the entropy value, or texture feature, isa viable method for estimating lodging using low altitude RGB imagery.
基金Chongqing University of Science and Technology Postgraduate Innovation Program Project(Project No.YKJCX2320902)。
文摘Based on a total of 16 indicators selected from the tourism and transport industries,an evaluation index system of the coupling and coordination development level of tourism and transport is constructed.The entropy value method and the coupling coordination degree model are used to conduct an empirical study on the development level and coupling coordination level of the transport and tourism industries in Chengdu City from 2011 to 2020.The results show that,on the whole,the coupling coordination degree of transport and tourism in Chengdu is poor and has been in a state of mild to moderate dysfunction.The development level of tourism lagged behind the development of transport from 2011 to 2012,and the two were in a state of mild dysfunction.However,from 2013 onwards,the development level of tourism was prioritized over the development level of transport.This shift caused the coupling coordination degree of the two industries to decline sharply to 0.23305 in 2013.The development level of the tourism industry increased again,reaching 0.34206 in 2019,which marked an improvement.Consequently,the coordination degree of the transport and tourism industries evolved from moderate dislocation to mild dislocation.Finally,the results of the empirical research are analyzed,and corresponding suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable growth of the transport and tourism industries in Chengdu City.These suggestions aim to improve the coupled and coordinated development level of the two industries.
基金Basic Scientific Research Business Expense Project of Scientific Research and Development of Henan Academy of Sciences(210601043).
文摘Low carbon intensive use of urban land is an important trend to achieve regional high quality development.In this study,with Kaifeng municipal district as an example,the catastrophe progression model was used to estimate and analyze the low-carbon intensive use level of urban land in Kaifeng City from 2011 to 2020,and the obstacle factors in the process of low-carbon intensive land use in Kaifeng City were revealed by using the obstacle degree model.The results showed that during the study period,the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City showed a slow,fluctuating and declining trend,and the overall situation was in a generally intensive state.The land input level and land output level were on the rise,while the low-carbon level of land and the degree of land use were on the decline.Currently,the main obstacle factors restricting the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City were the carbon structure coefficient of land use,energy consumption per square kilometer,carbon emissions per square kilometer,carbon emissions per capita,and non-agricultural land use efficiency.In the future,it is necessary to further improve the land use structure and promote the high-quality development of Kaifeng City.