Design of Multifunctional Milk Powder Spoon Based on Environment-friendly and Developmental Concept

Recycling of junks is positive for the environmental protection.Along with the proposal of three-child policy,purchase volume of milk powder surely will experience a drastic growth,and the milk powder spoon as an affiliated product will win the attention of parents.Against the background of consumption upgrading,consumers have had higher requirements on the humanization and safety design of products.Most of milk powder spoons on the market are plastic,and the disposal of waste milk powder spoon has gradually become a burden for the environment.Based on the environment-friendly and developmental concept,and also the characteristics of infant development,this paper proposed the“in-one”design,applied color and tactile designs into the milk powder design,chose food grade silicone to make the milk powder spoon not only a spoon but also a baby teether toy,so as to expand the service life and functions of the product,meet the requirements of saving energy,protecting environment and developing circular economy,which also to some extent reduces the burden on environment brought by plastics,improves the efficiency of junk recycling,and meet the individualized needs of consumers.

Research of Environment-friendly Low Emissivity Glass

The environment-friendly glasses which integrate function and structure were introduced, among these glasses can save energy very efficiently due to its low infrared emissivity. The fundamental principle of the low emissivity glass and the research progress of this kind glass were analyzed. Meanwhile, high performance and low applied development trend of emissivity glass were reviewed.

Research on the Eco-tourism and Environment-friendly Land Use Patterns in Shangri-La

Through the analysis of the geographical features of the Shangri-La,the eco-tourism and environment-friendly land use patterns were proposed. And the significances of the mode of economic development in Shangri-La were analyzed.

The Evaluation Principles,Indicator System and Methods for Environment-friendly Utilization of County-level Land Resources

From the perspective of environmental issues concerning land use and importance of county,we analyze the great significance of environment-friendly use of county land resources. On the basis of discussing the concept and connotation of environment-friendly utilization of land resources,we build the basic framework for the evaluation of environment-friendly utilization of land resources from environment,economy and society,and propose the evaluation methods combining composite index method and multi-angle single indicator evaluation method. At the same time,we establish the grading system and grading standards for environment-friendly county land use,to promote the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of environment-friendly county land use.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Development of Resource-saving and Environment-friendly Agriculture in China

By selecting the data from 1989 to 2009 in China, we conduct regression analysis on the total output value of agriculture, the usage amount of chemical fertilizer, total power of agricultural machinery, effective irrigation area, and the damage area. The results show that the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and the damage area, the great obstacle to the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, have significant impact on the output value of agriculture; total power of agricultural machinery and effective irrigation area have insignificant impact on the output value of agriculture. Based on these, the suggestions for promoting the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture are put forward as follows: transform agricultural production mode, and optimize the industrial structure of agriculture; promote scientific use of chemical fertilizer, and promote the ability of agriculture to resist risks; promote the development of biogas in rural areas, and carry out the comprehensive use of biological material resources in rural areas.

The Study of Strategy for the Development of Ying Charoen Market to Become Environment-Friendly Market

The results of using microorganism to clean appliances and buildings show that it was a highly efficient method.The researcher found that microorganism was more human and animal friendly than chemicals,and was good for environment as well.Ying Charoen Market was constructed in the year 1955,so it has existed for more than 63 years.The market has all kinds of food and has been a food center for people living in Northern Bangkok for a long time.Thus,it is not surprising that the market is also the center of people,garbage,and pollution,which produce negative effects on the environment.The research population consists of stakeholders(owner,managers,employees,suppliers,vendors,and consumers)in Ying Charoen Market.In details,there are 1,512 vendors in the market,which can be classified into 15 groups according to the main types of products.This study used mixed methods of methodology,in particular,exploratory sequential method.It was a qualitative research and an action participatory research.The objectives were to study the current condition,context,factors,and problems of Ying Charoen Market that are related with the environment,and to establish strategies for developing Ying Charoen Market to become environment-friendly.The data were analyzed by content analysis.The results expected from this research is to have a guidance for producing the strategy of environment management,which will lead to the participation of related people,lower cost in the long term,and good health for employees,vendors,and consumers in the market,as well as positive effects on the environment in general.In addition,the research is piloting the service of how to operate business in environment-friendly way.It is also a model for other markets or enterprises all over the country,presenting them how to manage their business to become sustainable and environment friendly.

World largest environment-friendly power station to be built in China

On January 7-9, 2008, the feasibility research reporton the IGCC demonstration project of 4×200 MW inTaiyangzhou, Dongguan passed examination. This projectmay start within the year and is scheduled to put intooperation in 2011. It will alleviate Dongguan City

Promote the Engineering of Ecological Civilization Construction by Building “Resource-conserving and Environment-friendly Society”

The research elaborated the internal connections between the construction of ecological civilization and 'Resource-conserving and Environment-friendly Society', introduced the practice and achievements of promoting the construction of Ecological Civilization in the National Synthetically Reform Pilot Zone of the 'Resource-conserving and Environment-friendly Society' in Chang-Zhu-Tan(CZ-T) City Cluster, which is focusing on the establishment of standard system, the promotion of reform in ten key areas, the construction of ten key environmental projects, and the promotion of ten low-carbon clean technologies. Based on this, the research pointed out structural and institutional obstacles and problems in further promoting the construction of 'Resource-conserving and Environment-friendly Society' and Ecological Civilization. Finally, focusing on reform and innovation, the research provided suggestions to deepen the reform of the construction of 'Resource-conserving and Environment-friendly Society' and Ecological Civilization in four aspects, such as dividend of institution, dividend of nomocracy, dividend of development, and dividend of market.

A new series of environment-friendly reddish inorganic pigments based on AFeO_(3)(A=Ln,Y) with high NIR solar reflectance

Environment-friendly pigments based on AFeO_(3)(A=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Tb,Y or Yb)with high nearinfrared(NIR)reflectance were synthesised by a coprecipitation method at 1200℃.The Rietveld refinement analysis showed single-phase orthorhombic perovskite for all compositions.All pigments,which showed reddish hues,offered good colour stability after mixing these pigments in powder form with siloxane transparent paint and two different glazes.The powderepaint mixtures produced with GdFeO_(3),TbFeO_(3) and YFeO_(3) pigments have the highest NIR solar reflectance,reaching values of R=50%.The temperature shielding studies conducted using TbFeO_(3) pigmentepaint mixture for a roof coating yielded a reduction of 3.2℃ in comparison to a commercial pigment.Moreover,the glazes that were pigmented using GdFeO_(3),TbFeO_(3) and YFeO_(3) compositions also presented the most intense reddish colours.A study of the thermal and chemical stability of the pigment with the highest NIR solar reflectance showed good stability in both cases.The reddish pigments that were prepared can therefore be good candidates for use in different applications such as cool pigments or pigments for ceramic glazes at high temperatures.

Progress in Researches on Biodegradable Starch-Based Materials

As one type of environment-friendly polymer, biodegradable starch-based materials have been widely explored in recent years and considered one of the most promising plastics in the future. Currently, either synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyesters or certain natural polymers are usually blended with thermoplastic starch to enhance hydrophobicity and service performance of starch-based materials. The main deficiency lies in the low compatibility between starch and polyester phases. Therefore amphiphilic compatibilizers, such as hydroxyl functioned polyesters, need to be developed in the future. Moreover, multi-phase blending systems including two or more polyester phases are also supposed to be designed.

Development and Research Status of New Environmental Films

The development and utilization of new environmental film is an important measure to tackle the residual film pollution, protect the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. The types of new environmental film and their development status were reviewed from the aspects of photodegradable film, biodegradable film, photo-biodegradable film, liquid film, paper film and bast fiber film. In terms of the experimental research status of environmental films in China, analysis and comparisons were made from three aspects including the different types, the same type and imported environment-friendly film. Suggestions were proposed for the research and development prospect of environmental film.

Interfacial engineering in lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells

Lead(Pb)-free Tin(Sn)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been favored by the community due to their low toxicity,preferable bandgaps,and great potential to achieve high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Interfaces engineering plays important roles in developing highly efficient Sn-based PSCs via passivation of trap defects,alignment of energy levels,and incorporation of low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites.In this review,we summarize the development of Pb-free Sn-based perovskites and their applications in devices,especially the strategies of improving the interfaces.We also provide perspectives for future research.Our aim is to help the development of new and advanced approaches to achieving high-performance environment-friendly Pb-free Sn-based PSCs.

The Properties and Applications of High-effective Mineral Admixture GRM for Concrete

To utilize industrial residue as building materials is not only the demand for modern concrete technology but also the requirements for maintaining ecological balance and sustainable development. CRM, a new high-effective mineral admixture for concrete, is developed recently from industrial residue, and the systematical studies on CRM’s various properties have been performed. The laboratory tests, industrial tests and field applications have shown that CRM can be used as inorganic cementitious material to replace cement, and is also an excellent supplementary cementitious material tor high performance concrete (HPC).

Biological Control of <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>(Diptera: Tephritidae) in Argentina: Releases of <i>Diachasmimorpha longicaudata</i>(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Fruit-Producing Semi-Arid Areas of San Juan

The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) is one of the major pests of fruit crops in Argentina and it is a phytosanitary barrier to the export of fresh fruits. In the Province of San Juan, located in the central-eastern region of Argentina known as Cuyo, control strategies against Medfly in fruit-producing irrigated-valleys have been implemented by the National Fruit Fly Control and Eradication Program (ProCEM) jointly with the provincial government and the producers. This program uses an area-wide integrated pest management approach that includes the use of environment-friendly strategies to suppress or eradicate Medfly, such as the use of the sterile insect technique and the application of new-generation bait sprays, and more recently the release of the Indo-Pacific parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead). This exotic larval-prepupal endoparasitoid is being mass-reared on larvae of Vienna 8 TSL C. capitata strain at the BioPlanta San Juan facility. In this respect, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of laboratory-reared D. longicaudata females in order to find and successfully parasitize Medfly larvae in different host fruit species once released under semi-arid environmental conditions in ecologically isolated fruit-growing valleys of San Juan. Ground releases were used to disperse parasitoids in 6 fruit-producing valleys. In total, 40,000 adult parasitoids were released at places with various Medfly host plants bearing fruits and in which no insecticides were regularly applied, such as backyards and small orchards. 119 D. longicaudata adults were recovered from 6 Medfly-infested fruit species that were collected in 5 release sites (Pocito, Zonda, Santa Lucía, Caucete, and Rivadavia). The highest number of parasitoids was recovered from fig, followed by grape, rose, orange, tangerine, and persimmon. Data provided from this study open up the possibility of implementing a parasitoid mass-release program in San Juan.

Efficiency of Portable Electronic Vulcanizer

This research was aimed at finding out the efficiency of the portable electronic vulcanizer. The old vulcanizing equipment was upgraded to save time, investment, manpower and to eliminate the problem of gas emission in vulcanization. The study also determined the accurate temperature setting and duration of vulcanizing process using electronic vulcanizer which eliminated the problem of gas emission produced by the conventional (gas fired) vulcanizer of about 2.772 kg of carbon dioxide for 1 liter of diesel fuel and/or 2.331 kg of carbon dioxide for 1 liter of petrol into the atmosphere. In constructing this vulcanizer, a letter G body configuration made of GI pipe with 31.5 cm long lag bolt with some electronic parts were installed, like the analog temperature gauge, digital timer, relay, LED, buzzer, switch, and heating element. Specifically, the product is divided into three components: base or body, control panel board and the heating unit. The effectiveness level of the equipment was tested utilizing five different temperatures at a constant and variable time. For Class A gum, the best temperature which bonded the gum exactly to the rubber tire was 60℃ in 1 minute while Class B gum was bonded at 60℃ in 2 minutes. The rate of energy consumed by the electronic vulcanizer for Class A gum was Php 0.0757 with an efficiency of 85.22% and for Class B gum was Php 0.15 with an efficiency of 85.22% and for conventional vulcanizer for Class A gum was Php 1.08 with an efficiency of 43.38% and for Class B gum was Php 1.52, with an efficiency of 78.08%. The study revealed that more tires could be vulcanized in a short period of time, therefore providing greater income over time. It is also environment-friendly since it does not emit carbon dioxide as compared to the conventional vulcanizing.

On Forming a Child-friendly Environment in Urban Communities

The community is both a learning and living environment that significantly influences the physical and mental development of the children,as well as an important arena for realizing children’s rights.However,the development of urban communities in China is not particularly child-friendly,causing children to abandon or misuse the communal environment.Creating a child-friendly environment in urban communities requires the adoption of three basic approaches,i.e.a shift from the"adult’s perspective"to the"child’s perspective",a shift from a simplistic focus on the"hardware"of the environment to a dual focus that balances both"hardware"and"software",as well as a shift from providing an environment to man aging and guiding the use of the environment.Specific technical indicators for developing child-friendly environments in urban communities,which based on these three approaches,should be designed.

A chrome-free combination tanning strategy: based on silicic acid and plant tannin

Silicic acid,commonly derived from cheap and easily available sodium silicate,has recently received great attention for application in leather industry to produce ecological leather with a cleaner approach.However,leather tanned with silicic acid alone is poor in storage stability,which limits its practical application in leather production.In this work,a new environment-friendly combination tannage based on silicic acid and plant tannin was developed to address this issue along with improving the comprehensive performances of leather.The obtained leather was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and so on.The results showed that compared with leather tanned with silicic acid alone,the leather tanned with this combination method possessed improved thermal stability,enhanced mechanical properties,acceptable softness,appropriate hydrophilicity,and especially enhanced storage stability.More importantly,the combination tanned leather with 1:1 of the mass ratio of silicic acid to vegetable tannin(composed of valonea extract and mimosa extract with the same weight)had more prominent comprehensive performances.In addition,the results demonstrated that hydrogen bonding played an important role in the combination tanning process.Furthermore,the hydrogen bonds generated between phenolic hydroxyl groups of polyphenols with silicon hydroxyl groups of silicic acid molecules inhibited the excessive condensation of Si-OH groups between themselves.Subsequently,the assessment of environmental impact revealed the value of BOD 5/COD of the wastewater produced in this combination tanning process is more than 0.3,indicating the chrome-free combination tannage based on silicic acid and plant tannin was an environment-friendly tanning technology.These findings therefore indicated that a new chrome-free tanning method with silicon and biomass materials as main tanning agents has potential practical application prospect in leather production.