The emergence of global environmental awareness

An effective plan for global ecosystem management must be developed in the next 10 or 20 years. Awareness of the need has recently emerged, but still no integrated resource management system is universally accepted. A fragmented management approach has not been effective. Any successful course of action must be based on three assumptions: (1) that science can determine how ecosystems function, (2) once this is known, the social/political system will be able to protect ecosystems to the extent needed for the survival of human society, and (3) reality will take precedence over political expediency because Mother Nature cannot be fooled. This discussion focuses on the transition from awareness to taking effective action.

Environmental awareness and the contemporary society of China——an analysis and an understanding

This paper presents an understanding of the relationship between the environmental awareness(EA) and contemporary society of China. The EA of three of the major groups of Chinas society, namely intellectuals, government officials, and urban societies are characterized one by one. A number of factors of affecting the EA were investigated in details, the keys among which are the personal level of knowledge and morality, the social and economic development level, environmental codes, environment\|related professional and public regulations, different professional performances. Some policy proposals are finally provided for enhancing the EA of Chinas society.

Corporate Environmental Awareness Incentives and Recommendations

China＇s environmental problems become increasingly serious. In the context of the enterprise, which does not have the motivation to take the initiative to improve the environment, we realize the importance of environmental consciousness. The necessity of the incentive of the environmental awareness will be elaborated by psychology aspect. In the meantime, some suggestions are advanced in knowledge and experience, government policy and financial institution fields, to really motivate the China＇s environmental consciousness, to really change environmental protection problem into the internal problems of the enterprise. Finally, it can enable the enterprises to protect environment actively, and promote the smooth implementation of environmental accounting.

The role of technological innovation,carbon finance,green energy,environmental awareness and urbanization towards carbon neutrality:Evidence from novel CUP-FM CUP-BC estimations

After COP21,various economies start putting efforts to fulfill the pledge and achieve carbon neutrality.By doing so,scholars highlight several essential factors that can curb carbon emissions.In this lieu,the current study analyzes the role of technological innovation,carbon finance,environmental awareness,urbanization,and green energy like renewable energy consumption(REC)and renewable energy output(REO)on carbon neutrality in E7 countries covering the time span of 2006-2020.By employing CUP-FM and CUP-BC,it is revealed that technological innovation,carbon finance,environmental awareness,urbanization,REC,and REO have a positive connection with carbon neutrality in E7 countries.The study provides guidelines to the policymakers in developing policies regarding to obtain carbon neutrality using technological innovation,carbon finance,environmental awareness,and green energy.

Impact of Tourist Environmental Awareness on Environmental Friendly Behaviors: A Case Study from Qinghai Lake, China

This paper examines the influence environmental awareness and recreation experience has on the environmentally-friendly behavior of tourists, and identifies the function of perceived quality as an intermediary variable. By providing a conceptual framework based on the combination of environmental awareness theory and tourist perception theory, and a SEM-based methodology, an in-depth analysis of the influence mechanism was carried out in the Qinghai Lake area of Qinghai province. Results show that there exist differences in the ways environmental awareness influences perceived gains and perceived losses, and the influence coefficient of the former is higher than that of the latter. The perceived gains may promote environmentally friendly behaviors, while the perceived losses have an adverse impact on such behaviors. Moreover, the strength of the adverse impact of the latter is less than the strength of the positive impact of the former. The mediating effect of perceived quality was confirmed in the EA（environmental awareness）-EB（environmental behavior） nexus, within which the influence of tourist environmental awareness on environmentally friendly behavior could be transformed. The mediating effect of perceived quality in the perceived-gains model was more obvious than that in the perceived-losses model. This study highlights the importance of understanding the foundations of environmental behavior related to environmental awareness and tourist perceptions.

Awareness Concerning Volunteerism,Philanthropy,and Environment-A Comparative Study Between Mati and Skyros

On a global level,there is a tendency to conduct bibliographic studies about the creation of resilient communities in disaster areas.Community resilience has a significant role when residents are called upon to recover from a natural disaster(Molavi,2018;Moreno,2018).Based on previous research in the existing literature and after the catastrophe in Mati,and even more specifically in continuation to the research of Vallianou et al.’s,2020,the present study goes a step further comparing for two populations the dimensions of volunteerism,philanthropy tendencies,and environmental awareness.A quantitative research was conducted through questionnaires via phone interviews and in person,one year after the wildfire,in Mati,Greece.The sample consisted of participants from Mati and Skyros Island.The findings of the study revealed that natural disasters are interconnected to volunteerism,philanthropy,and environmental awareness.In our research residents of Mati seem to score higher in environmental awareness in comparison to Skyros’residents who seem to have a stronger tendency on philanthropy.To conclude,the age groups which seem to be more environmentally aware are the one of 46-55 and the one of 65 and above.

Assessment of Policies to Promote People＇s Environmental Activities

Nowadays, many kinds of environmentally friendly campaigns led by local governments and private companies alike have been conducted in order to increase the pro-environmental behaviors. Unfortunately, these campaigns do not always lead to the upgrading of people＇s pro-environmental behaviors, because people＇s behaviors are usually based on various motivations, including economic efficiency, convenience and so on. This article mainly aimed at analyzing the implementing reasons of people＇s pro-environmental behaviors and finding out policies of promoting people＇s pro-environmental behaviors. Therefore, the author conducted the internet investigations among male and female respondents over 20 years old, and collected valid responses of more than 1,000 from 2008 till 2014 every year in Japan and also used three communication concepts, which are the direct communication, the indirect communication and the direct and indirect combined communication as a framework for discussing policies of promoting people＇s pro-environmental behaviors. As a result of the internet investigations, it was found that non-environmental factors, such as ＂saving the household＂, ＂compliance with social norms＂ and ＂health＂ were bigger than the environmental factors, such as ＂the prevention of the global warming＂ and ＂saving resources＂ with regard to the implementing reasons of the pro-environmental activities. Actually, the pro-environmental activities often have the non-environmental benefits, such as cost-saving, health and so on. And so, the author suggests that it is effective that upgrading the implementation rate of the pro-environmental activities do not only appeal to the effects of reducing the environmental loading that the activity has （the direct communication）, but also to the non-environmental benefits that the activity has, especially it is true to unconcerned people about environmental issues （the indirect communication）. In addition, the author emphases that people need to appeal to both the environmental effects and the non-environmental benefits which the activity has, respectively, especially to people with the concern about environmental issues to some extent （the direct and indirect combined communication）.

Study on Environmental Behavior of Urban Residents in Ningshan County

With the advance in urbanization,environmental problems become increasingly prominent,and environmental crisis has become a global issue. In this context,the ecological civilization has been put on the agenda. Taking Ningshan County in Shaanxi Province as an example,through questionnaire,this paper interviewed and studied environmental behavior of local urban residents. It carried out analysis on the environmental knowledge,environmental awareness,community environmental norms,environmental laws and regulations,and environmental behavior. In conclusion,with changes in environmental behavior,urban residents of Ningshan County should further strengthen their environmental awareness,and government should further improve the environmental improvement policies,make reasonable planning of communities,so as to promote improvement in the overall environmental awareness and changes in environment behavior.

Closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium strategy model with environmental protection objectives

With the increasing popularity of ecological civilization and sustainable development,enterprises should consider environmental protection measures in their operations in addition to pursue their economic interests.This paper establsihes a closed-loop supply chain network model composed of multiple suppliers,manufacturers,retailers,recyclers,and demand markets—regarding their dual goals of the profit maximization and the minimization of carbon emissions.The conditions necessary for establishing overall equilibrium and an equilibrium model of the entire closed-loop supply chain network are determined by applying variational inequality and dual theory.A modified projection contraction algorithm is used to design a model-solving program.Finally,using numerical examples,the paper conducts a comparative static analysis on important parameters such as the weight coefficients of environmental protection objectives and consumers'awareness of low-carbon environmental protection and attains some beneficial enlightenment on management.The results indicate that when the environmental protection objectives of a certain type of enterprise increases,both the economic benefits and environmental protection performance will improve;when the environmental protection objectives of all enterprises increases simultaneously,environmental protection performance improves significantly,but the changes in economic benefits of different enterprises are inconsistent and profit coordination is more complex.Although consumers’awareness of low-carbon preference could improve environmental performance,it reduces the overall profits of network members and the entire closed-loop supply chain network as a whole.The above conclusions can be used as a reference for the government in designing low-carbon environmental protection policy and in closed-loop supply chain research.

Effects of social capital,risk perception and awareness on environmental protection behavior

Introduction:Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development,and its execution power mainly comes from individual environmental protection behavior.This study investigates the resident environmental protection behaviors and influencing factors in the ecologically fragile areas of western China based on a total of 1062 households by adopting the participatory assessment method.Then,this study used the structural equation model to empirically analyze the impact of social capital,environmental risk perception,and environmental awareness on residents’environmental protection behavior.Outcomes:The results showed that environmental awareness is the basis for practicing environmental protection behavior,consistent with the existing research;social capital has a significant impact on residents’environmental protection behavior,with an impact coefficient of 0.347.Hence,environmental risk perception has an indirect influence on environmental protection behavior through environmental awareness.Besides,compared with urban residents,rural residents’environmental awareness and social capital have a stronger role in environmental protection behavior.Conclusions:The study clarified the influence path of residents’environmental protection behavior,thus effectively providing a decision-making basis for the government to guide residents in the environmental governance system.

Pesticide Contamination in Land Reform Settlements in Brazil： Empirical Evidences from Caiaponia, Goias State

Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides worldwide. Public health studies in Brazil show that inadequate use of pesticides increases the incidence of accidents and contamination of poor rural communities. This study sought to identify factors that determine the occurrence of problems with pesticides in a typical Brazilian land reform settlement. The study was carried out in Caiaponia, Goias state. In the empirical analysis, the econometric model pro bit was used. The dependent variable was the existence of health problems in the family setting that are caused by pesticides. The independent variables were the family size; the attendance to any church, whether Catholic or Protestant; if farmers received any technical assistance; the current health condition of the family, and if there are exacerbated erosion problems on the farm. Data from 28 farmers were collected through a structured questionnaire. Among the main findings, larger families have a higher probability of accidents involving pesticides. The current healthy conditions of family and the problems of soiled gradation in the farm imply are duction in the likelihood of contamination with pesticides. These two results indicate that rural households that have good health condition and have experienced environmental degradation on their farm have higher environmental awareness.

The African Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>): Mini-Review of an Endangered Species

Humankind is responsible for conditioning the distribution of species, including the African elephant. From its great physical form to its fascinating social behaviour, Loxodonta africana can trigger an admiration in some and be undervalued by others, often ending up being a victim of human activities. Increasingly, the apparent impossibility of the coexistence of these two species represents a problem for the conservation of the large African mammal. Here it was reviewed the published bibliography about the African savannah elephant (L. africana), between July 2015 and December 2019. The Web of Science (WoS) database enabled the search for the words “Loxodonta africana”. From this research, we obtained 310 articles, 149 of them were analysed. Elephants have characteristics that define its uniqueness that are constantly reported, such as: its cognition and extraordinary memory, factors that influence its movements and its distribution, its specific vocalization and the strong dependence on social connections. Threats to the conservation of the species and the urgency of interventions are also an important subject of discussion. Poaching for ivory represents a major obstacle on conservation and has been drastically reducing the number of elephant populations and causing future consequences for those who thrive. Law enforcement in reducing/prohibit poaching has proven to be insufficient, so there is an urgent need to combat the demand for ivory. Also, it is necessary to bypass the conflict, promote tolerance and enable cohabitation. We believe that educating human populations to better understand the species may be the difference to guarantee a future for the species. Conservationists may be the enablers of these educational actions, however, to make the difference, it is necessary to know the species in detail. Mastering knowledge in these behavioural areas will contribute to improve mitigation strategies, which could make the difference to guarantee a future for the species.

Review on the Theory of Ecological Environment Damage Assessment

In the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China,the damage of ecological environment hinders the people's pursuit of good environmental quality.As a technical means of ecological environment protection,the assessment of ecological environment damage has been attached great importance by all walks of life.However,there are still some problems in the current practice of environmental damage assessment.Therefore,based on the understanding of ecological environment damage assessment and related concepts,this study systematically studies the theory of ecological environment damage assessment.Based on the research,it can be seen that the assessment of ecological environment damage is the inevitable product of social and economic development and the promotion of environmental protection awareness,and ecological environment damage belongs to the subordinate concept of"environmental damage".The assessment of ecological environment damage includes the assessment of ecological damage and environmental damage,paying attention to the interests of human society and the unclaimed pure environment and pure ecological damage.The assessment of ecological environmental damage determines the goal and direction for the construction of environmental damage compensation system.This study enriches the theory of environmental damage assessment and provides theoretical reference and method basis for environmental damage assessment.

Natural Awareness:Environmental Protection Supervisors and Their Guide

ZHOU Youhong works to inform students about environmental protection. Enthusiastic about her work, she spreads knowledge to element college and secondary school students. She said only when she began studying in university did she realize the harm of industrial pollution. She said she hopes through her efforts she can help the younger generation realize the value of environmental protection.

From Architecture to City——On architects' awareness of urban environment

This article puts forward four aspects for moving to-wards the city:Moving towards compositional frame—respect,ad-just,safeguard and create cities and group structures:moving to-wards the future—this requires“looking back”and“looking for-ward.”to form diversified and harmonious groups;moving to-wards the engineering svstem—becoming an organic componentpart of city road traffic,topographical readjustment,preventing andfighting natural disaster systematic projects;moving to the soft envi-ronment—satisfying the demands of urban economic and social de-velopment,history and culture,and customs and habits.

Metadata and API Based Environment Aware Content Delivery Architecture

One of the limitations of current content delivery networks is lack of support for environment aware content delivery. This paper first discusses the requirements of such support, and proposes a new metadata gateway based environment aware content delivery architecture. The paper discusses in some details key functions and technologies of environment aware content delivery architecture, including its APIs and control policies. Finally the paper presents an application to illustrate advantages of environment aware content delivery architecture in the context of next generation network.

Research on the autonomous system of the quadruped robot with a manipulator to realize leader-following,object recognition,navigation and operation

A systematic solution is developed to improve the autonomous capability of the quadruped robot with a manipulator,such as navigation,recognition and operation.The developed system adopts novel software,hardware system and system architecture,including a specially designed environment awareness system(EAS).Based on the camera and LiDAR on the EAS,the recognition of multiple common targets,such as the leader,door,window and bag,is achieved.In terms of navigation,a location method is built,that combines the laser odometer and global positioning system.A mapping and path planning module is designed by the Robot-centric Elevation Mapping algorithm and the rapidly exploring rand tree algorithm.For operation,a real-time target grasp detection system is proposed based on the You Only Look Once v5 algorithm to improve the success rate of tasks.The whole system is integrated based on the task relevance scheduling strategy to reduce the computational complexity.The tightly integrated system and the subsystems are evaluated by conducting simulations and physical experiments in robot recognition,navigation and operation.Extensive experiments show that the proposed framework can better achieve the autonomous navigation and operation of the quadruped robot with a manipulator.Notably,the proposed framework is still effective when facing dynamic objects.In addition,the system can be easily extended to other forms of mobile robot.

The Influence of Opportunism on the Cooperation Modes of Carbon Emission Reduction

Investment and technology cooperation has become prevalent among manufacturers for reducing carbon emission.However,the success and sustainability of such cooperation can be restrained by firm opportunism.This study investigates the impact of three different cooperation modes(CER investment cooperation,information sharing cooperation,and comprehensive cooperation)on manufacturers’efforts for carbon emission reduction(CER).We also analyze how opportunism in key resources input affects the CER cooperation,and explore the influence of carbon tax and consumer environmental awareness(CEA)on opportunistic motivation.Our results show that 1)Manufacturers engaged in cooperation will increase their profits,but may not necessarily lessen carbon emission,which is related to the intensity of market competition.2)The optimal mode for manufacturers is comprehensive cooperation,followed by information sharing cooperation,and then is CER investment cooperation.3)Opportunism is not necessarily detrimental to CER.4)In the comprehensive cooperation mode,the impact of opportunism to the co-operative manufacturer is hierarchical,and whether the cooperation continues depends on the intensity of market competition.5)CEA will encourage the opportunism,while the effect of carbon tax on opportunistic motivation is related to the market size.