Environmental monitoring and fuzzy synthetic evaluation of municipal solid waste transfer stations in Beijing in 2001-2006

Transfer station(TS)is an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste(MSW)management systems.To provide information for the incorporation of waste facilities within the current integrated waste management system,the authors measured the existing environmental quality at five MSW TSs.Discharged wastewater,air,and noise were monitored and assayed at the five TSs in Beijing in 2001-2006 during rainy seasons(RSs)and dry seasons(DSs).Except Ammonia(NH_3)and hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),the analytical results of...

Fire monitoring in coal mines using wireless underground sensor network and interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller

From the view of underground coal mining safety system, it is extremely important to continuous monitoring of coal mines for the prompt detection of fires or related problems inspite of its uncertainty and imprecise characteristics. Therefore, evaluation and inferring the data perfectly to prevent fire related accidental risk in underground coal mining (UMC) system are very necessary. In the present article, we have proposed a novel type-2 fuzzy logic system (T2FLS) for the prediction of fire intensity and its risk assessment for risk reduction in an underground coal mine. Recently, for the observation of underground coal mines, wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) are being concerned frequently. To implement this technique IT2FLS, main functional components are sensor nodes which are installed in coal mines to accumulate different imprecise environmental data like, temperature, relative humidity, different gas concentrations etc. and these are sent to a base station which is connected to the ground observation system through network. In the present context, a WUSN based fire monitoring system is developed using fuzzy logic approach to enhance the consistency in decision making system to improve the risk chances of fire during coal mining. We have taken Mamdani IT2FLS as fuzzy model on coal mine monitoring data to consider real-time decision making (DM). It is predicted from the simulated results that the recommended system is highly acceptable and amenable in the case of fire hazard safety with compared to the wired and off-line monitoring system for UMC. Legitimacy of the suggested model is prepared using statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.

Fuzzy Control Model for Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure Systems

This paper presents a Fuzzy Control Model for SHM （Structural Health Monitoring） of civil infrastructure systems. Two important considerations of this model are （a） effective control of structural mechanism to prevent damage of civil infrastructure systems, and （b） energy-efficient data transmissions. Fuzzy Logic is incorporated into the model to provide （a） capability for handling imprecision and non-statistical uncertainty associated with structural monitoring, and （b） framework for effective control of the mechanism of civil infrastructure systems. Moreover, wireless smart sensors are deployed in the model to measure dynamic response of civil infrastructure systems to structural excitation. The operation of these wireless smart sensors is characterized as discounted SMDP （Semi-Markov Decision Process） consisting of two states, namely： sensing/processing and transmitting/receiving. The objective of the SMDP-based measurement scheme is to choose policy that offers optimal energy-efficient transmission of measured value of vibration-based dynamic response. Depending on the net magnitude of measured dynamic responses to excitation signals, data may （or may not） be transmitted to the Fuzzy control segment for appropriate control of the mechanism of civil infrastructure systems. The efficacy of this model is tested via numerical analysis, which is implemented in MATLAB software. It is shown that this model can provide energy-efficient structural health monitoring and effective control of civil infrastructure systems.

Fuzzy reasoning model using fuzzy Petri Nets for the monitoring of robotic assembly

This paper presented a fuzzy Petri net model to deal with the monitoring of robotic assembly. Based on the fuzzy Petri net model, an efficient composite reasoning mode was proposed to perform fuzzy reasoning automatiealy. It can determine whether there exists an antecedent-consequence relationship between two contact states. Furthermore, various types of sensor signals can be converted to the same form of real values between zero and one, and the contradiction among large number, high degree of truth and importance of input conditions can be resolved very well by introducing the weight factors and priorities for sensor signals. Finally, a peg- in-the-hole example was given to illustrate the reasonability and feasibility of the proposed model.

Design of Greenhouse Environment Control System Based on Internet of Things

There are some disadvantages, such as complicated wiring, high cost, poor monitoring flexibility, low accuracy and high energy consumption in traditional greenhouse environment monitoring system which based on previous wireless sensor networks （WSN）. Aiming at these problems, a greenhouse environmental parameter monitoring system had been designed based on internet of things technology in this paper. A set of control system with good robustness, strong adaptive ability and small overshoot was set up by combining the fuzzy proportion-integral-derivative （PID） control. The system was composed of a number of independent greenhouse monitoring systems. The server could provide remote monitoring access management services after the collected data were transmitted. The data transmission part of greenhouse was based on ZigBee networking protocol. And the data were sent to intelligent system via gateway connected to the internet. Compared to the classical PID control and fuzzy control, the fuzzy PID control could quickly and accurately adjust the corresponding parameters to the set target. The overshoot was also relatively small. The simulation results showed that the amount of overshoot was reduced 20% compared with classical PID control.

Study on Multi-variables Decoupled Fuzzy Controller for Confined Pig House in Northern China

In winter, the confined pig house of northern China is severe. The environment variables are nonlinear, time-varying and coupled, which seriously affect the health of pigs and the qualities of the meat. In order to solve the problem multi-variables coupling, a multi-variables decoupled fuzzy logic control method was proposed. Two fuzzy logic controllers were designed based on fuzzy logic theory. The fans, heaters and humidifiers were used to control temperature, humidity and ammonia. The reductions of temperature and humidity caused by ventilating were compensated by heaters and humidifiers respectively which realized the multivariables decoupling. The proposed methods were validated through theoretical, experimental and simulation analysis. The results suggested that the methods were able to regulate the confined pig house environment effectively. In addition, comparing to the manual regulation, the proposed methods could reduce 19% power consumption as well.

Ecological Monitoring Perspectives from Biotesting of Surface Waters： A Study of Pavlovsk Reservoir （Bashkortostan, Russia）

The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition to ecotoxicology, are highly demanded for environmental monitoring and ecological standardization. The development of biotesting in toxicology, however, is limited to the ＂battery of tests＂ paradigm, while environmental monitoring and ecological standardization are based on the ＂uniformity of measurements＂ paradigm. A ＂reference bioindicator＂ is proposed to harmonize these approaches. A reference bioindicator serves for comparison of data obtained by different bioindicators. This method was approved for the state environmental control. Application of reference bioindicators makes analytical procedure substantially cheaper. It requires, however, thorough calibration in relation to specific environmental factors （such as temperature, photoperiod etc.） as well as to specific active agents and their combinations. This problem can be solved with the start-up of calibrating analytical centers and long-term study of the effects of spatiotemporal environmental factors in specific areas and for specific reference objects. This paper demonstrates long-term study results for the surface waters of Pavlovsk reservoir （Bashkortostan, Russia）.

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued the Work Plan for Law Enforcement Inspection of Discharge Permits for Thermal Power Generation and Paper Industries

In order to carry out the Implementation Plan of the Pollutant Emission Controlled Permit System,in accordance with the relevant requirements in the Notice on the Implementation of the Management of Discharge Permits for Elevated Sources from Thermal Power Generation,Paper Industries,and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Pilot Cities,and Notice on Printing and Distributing the Key Points of the National Environmental Monitoring and Law Enforcement Work in 2017,the Ministry of Environmental Protection formulated and published the Work Plan for Law Enforcement Inspection of Discharge Permits for Thermal Power Generation and Paper Industry(No.66,Environmental Monitoring Management Measures[2017])on August 14th,2017.

An Integrated Approach for Process Control Valves Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Logic

Control valves are widely used in industry to control fluid flow in several applications. In nuclear power systems they are crucial for the safe operation of plants. Therefore, the necessity of improvements in monitoring and diagnosis methods started to be of extreme relevance, establishing as main goal of the reliability and readiness of the system components. The main focus of this work is to study the development of a model of non-intrusive monitoring and diagnosis applied to process control valves using artificial intelligence by fuzzy logic technique, contributing to the development of predictive methodologies identifying faults in incipient state. Specially in nuclear power plants, the predictive maintenance contributes to the security factor in order to diagnose in advance the occurrence of a possible failure, preventing severs situations. The control valve analyzed belongs to a steam plant which simulates the secondary circuit of a PWR—Pressurized Water Reactor. The maintenance programs are being implemented based on the ability to diagnose modes of degradation and to take measures to prevent incipient failures, improving plant reliability and reducing maintenance costs. The approach described in this paper represents an alternative departure from the conventional qualitative techniques of system analysis. The methodology used in this project is based on signatures analysis, considering the pressure (psi) in the actuator and the stem displacement (mm) of the valve. Once the measurements baseline of the control valve is taken, it is possible to detect long-term deviations during valve lifetime, detecting in advance valve failures. This study makes use of MATLAB language through the “fuzzy logic toolbox” which uses the method of inference “Mamdani”, acting by fuzzy conjunction, through Triangular Norms (t-norm) and Triangular Conorms (t-conorm). The main goal is to obtain more detailed information contained in the measured data, correlating them to failure situations in the incipient stage.

AHP-Fuzzy在港口环境承载力综合评价中的应用

为评价港口的可持续发展情况,分析影响港口环境承载力的主要因素,并根据科学性、可行性、针对性和动态性原则建立港口环境承载力的评价指标体系。该体系包括交通条件、社会经济条件、能源资源条件、环境污染水平及港口自然条件和软硬件条件等指标。根据现阶段我国港口研究数据,采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价模型相结合的方法对港口环境承载力进行综合评价。通过层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重,结合各指标相对各评价等级的隶属度,计算港口环境承载力的综合评价等级。以天津港为例,对其环境承载力进行定量分析。结果表明,天津港目前的港口发展规模与其所处的社会经济、环境生态系统的协调程度为一般水平,其中港口腹地交通条件和能源资源条件是限制港口可持续发展的2个主要因素。研究表明,该方法(AHP-Fuzzy)是适合我国现阶段港口环境承载力评价的可行方法。

一类电液位置伺服系统的智能 Fuzzy-PI 控制

针对传统的ＰＩＤ控制、模糊控制和双模开关式Ｆｕｚｙ－ＰＩ控制的不足，提出了一种新的控制方案，即智能Ｆｕｚｙ－ＰＩ控制（ＩＦＰＩＣ）。仿真结果表明，该方案优于双模开关式Ｆｕｚｙ－ＰＩ控制和单个的模糊控制以及ＰＩＤ控制，具有较好的动态响应性能、良好的稳态控制精度和强的鲁棒性；此外，也降低了对Ｆｕｚｙ控制器的设计要求。其设计方法具有一般性。

封闭式固态发酵体系监测与调控的研究进展

封闭式固态发酵体系是指在封闭可控的条件下,自动化、智能化完成固态发酵的系统,以此达到稳定产品质量、降低劳动强度、提升智能化程度的目的。近年来,随着传统酿造行业转型升级、推进智能制造的需求日益迫切,封闭式固态发酵体系的研发越来越受到行业及科研人员的关注。本文从各类监测设备和方法的运用、各种数学模型和调控策略的开发、各式调控策略对监测设备的优化角度出发,综述封闭式固态发酵体系的监测方式,介绍封闭式固态发酵体系的调控策略,为将来改进和研发封闭式固态发酵体系提供一定的理论依据。

Simulation Modeling by Fuzzy Nets

Fuzzy technology is a newly developed discipline based on fuzzy mathematics. In the recent years, it has been successfully applied into many areas, such as process control, diagnosis, evaluation, decision making and scheduling, especially in simulation where accurate mathematical models can not or very hard be established. In this paper, to meet the demands of fuzzy simulation, two fuzzy nets will first be presented, which are quite suitable for modeling the parallel or concurrent systems with fuzzy behavior. Then, a concept of active simulation will be introduced, in which the simulation model not only can show its fuzzy behavior, but also has a certain ability which can actively perform many very useful actions, such as automatic warning, realtime monitoring, simulation result checking, simulation model self-adapting, error recovery, simulating path tracing, system states inspecting and exception handling, by a unified approach while some specified events occur. The simulation model described by this powerful simulation modeling tool is concurrently driven by a network interpreter and an event monitor that all can be implemented by software or hardware. Besides, some interesting applications are given in the paper.

浅谈盘锦稻区土壤环境的监测、保护与治理

总结近年来盘锦稻区土壤环境监测工作的部分情况,简述稻区土壤环境监测工作的意义,介绍盘锦稻区土壤环境保护、监管与治理的相关进展,并提出强化土肥基础工作、拓宽监测范围、完善数据资料、加强环境监管、强化污染治理、加强相关培训与宣传等建议。

GEAR POSITION DECISION METHOD OF AUTOMATED MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION BASED ON FUZZY INFERENCE

A gear position decision method used in automated mechanical transmission is introduced. The algorithm of the mechod is composed of a driving environment and driver's intention estimator, the shift schedules suit for each typical driving environment and driver's intention situation, and an inference ligic to determine the most proper gear position for the present situation. The estimator identifies the driving environment and driver's intention features which are divided into some typical models. Based on the identified results, the algorithm works out the best gear position. It just simulates the course of driver's making gear position decision when driving a automobile with manual transmission. The test results show that the automated mechanical transmission with the method gives less unnecessary shifting and more proper gear position than common shift schedules.

基于PLC大棚环境监测与控制系统设计

本文设计了一种大棚环境监测与控制系统,系统采用数字传感器监测温湿度、光照和CO_(2)浓度等环境参数,通过ZigBee网络发送至中央控制器,经处理后在云平台实现远程监视。通过监测试验与控制评估,证实监测与控制效果良好,该大棚环境监测与控制系统能为国内设施农业的智能化、节能环保提供参考。

基于OneNET平台的语音控制室内环境监测系统设计

互联网越来越发达,人们对智能化设备的要求越来越高。基于OneNET平台对室内环境监测系统进行设计,系统包括环境参数采集模块、语音控制模块、显示模块、报警模块和继电器模块,可根据环境采集参数控制窗帘和灯光、空调、加湿器、窗户、排风扇,同时在OLED屏和云平台上显示环境采集参数。系统有手动、自动、语音和远程4种控制模式,实现对以上设备开启或关闭控制。实物的研制成功,不仅对室内污染防患于未然,而且可以实时了解家居环境情况和安全情况,提升居住的安全感和幸福感。

蔬菜大棚温室微气候智能控制系统设计

设计了一套针对蔬菜大棚温室微气候的智能控制系统,包括环境监测、智能调控和数据管理三大功能模块,实现对大棚内温度、湿度、光照和CO_(2)浓度的实时监控与自动调节。系统运行测试结果验证了设计的合理性和控制策略的有效性。

基于云平台的热网智慧换热站监控系统

随着日益增长的集中供热面积及智慧城市的建设,针对换热站目前存在自动化程度不高、远程采集信息困难、热网调节波动大等问题,开发了基于云平台的换热站远程监控系统。通过智能DTU网关与PLC连接,将数据采集到服务器中,通过服务器之间数据传递,使用VS开发客户端及WEB发布。针对换热站二次网温度波动大问题,设计了模糊自适应PID控制器,通过仿真满足二次网水温控制要求。通过模拟测试,系统功能完善满足构建智慧热网的需要。

基于模糊控制的设施菜心生产环境管控模型及系统

【目的】为实现设施菜心生产环境的实时监控和精准调控,设计一种基于模糊控制的设施菜心生产环境管控模型及系统。【方法】采用物联网设备实时监测菜心各生长阶段(种子发芽期、叶片生长期、菜薹形成期)的环境因子(空气温度、土壤温度、土壤湿度和土壤电导率),将参数的监测值与适宜范围进行对比,获得各环境因子的偏差及变化率。管控模型利用模糊推理与定性分析结合的方法优化环境因子控制量,确定环境调控设备的调控决策,达到对环境因子的精准调控。【结果】管理模式对比试验表明:在菜心3个生长阶段,管控系统模式的平均调控实时性指标分别为0.10、0.17和0.18,平均准确性指标分别为0.78、0.68和0.74;人工管理模式的平均调控实时性指标分别为0.37、0.41和0.43,平均准确性指标分别为0.31、0.34和0.30。管控系统的平均实时性和准确性与人工管理模式相比分别有62.50%和1.34倍的提升。【结论】管控系统模式实现了菜心生产环境信息的实时获取与精准调控,能帮助用户更好地进行设施菜心的生产管理。