Multidisciplinary strategies to enhance therapeutic effects of flavonoids from Epimedii Folium:Integration of herbal medicine,enzyme engineering,and nanotechnology

Flavonoids such as baohuoside I and icaritin are the major active compounds in Epimedii Folium(EF)and possess excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases.Encouragingly,in 2022,icaritin soft capsules were approved to reach the market for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)of China.Moreover,recent studies demonstrate that icaritin can serve as immune-modulating agent to exert anti-tumor effects.Nonetheless,both production efficiency and clinical applications of epimedium flavonoids have been restrained because of their low content,poor bioavailability,and unfavorable in vivo delivery efficiency.Recently,various strategies,including enzyme engineering and nanotechnology,have been developed to increase productivity and activity,improve delivery efficiency,and enhance therapeutic effects of epimedium flavonoids.In this review,the structure-activity relationship of epimedium flavonoids is described.Then,enzymatic engineering strategies for increasing the productivity of highly active baohuoside I and icaritin are discussed.The nanomedicines for overcoming in vivo delivery barriers and improving therapeutic effects of various diseases are summarized.Finally,the challenges and an outlook on clinical translation of epimedium flavonoids are proposed.

Network Pharmacological Mechanism Research of Herba Drynariae Rhizoma-Epimedii Folium in Treating Osteoarthritis

Objective: To investigate the potential mechanism of Drynariae Rhizoma-Epimedii Folium in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) based on network pharmacology. Methods: The potential active constituents and targets of Drynariae Rhizoma-Epimedii Folium were screened through the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). Genecards database is used to find relevant targets of OA. The targets of “Drynariae Rhizoma-Epimedii Folium” were mapped to the targets of OA, and used Cytoscape software to build a “drug-ingredient-target-di- sease” regulatory network and protein protein interaction (PPI) network. R software was used to analyze the Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of traditional Chinese medicine-disease targets. Results: Thirty-four effective ingredients and 130 traditional Chinese medicine-disease targets were screened out for the treatment of OA. The GO functions of traditional Chinese medicine-disease targets mainly included cytokine activity, cytokine receptor binding, nuclear receptor activity, transcription factor activity, proximal promoter DNA-binding transcription activator activity, DNA-binding transcription activator activity, phosphatase binding and so on. KEGG pathways involved in traditional Chinese medicine-disease targets mainly included TLR4 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, apoptotic signaling pathway and so on. Conclusion: Network pharmacology may predict the multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways in Drynariae Rhizoma-Epimedii Folium treatment for OA, providing new ideas for future research.

Prediction of the mechanisms of liver injury of Epimedii Folium by network pharmacology and validation in HepaRG Cells

Objective:EpimediiFolium(EF),a traditional Chinese medicinal material,has the effect of tonifying kidney Yang,strengthening bones and treating rheumatism.However,its clinical applications are limited by its drug-induced liver injury(DILI)effects and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated.Methods:Active EF compounds were obtained from the TCMSP database and their targets predicted in Targetnet.Next,DILI-targets were obtained from CTD,Genecards and Digsee databases.Protein-protein interactions of EF DILI-targets were determined using STRING and hub targets identified via topological analyses.Then,hub targets were subjected to GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses.Finally,HepaRG cells were used for further validation of molecular mechanisms.Results:Fifty seven active compounds and 164 targets that interacted with these active compounds were identified with Sagittatoside A,icariside I,and Icariin being the best active compounds.Enrichment analysis revealed the PI3K/Akt and NF-kB signaling pathways to be markedly enriched.Molecular docking revealed that Sagittatoside A,icariside I and Icariin had good binding activities to RAC1,PTGS2,and NOS3.Validation analysis in HepaRG cells revealed that Epimedium flavonoids upregulated RAC1,PTGS2 and NOS3 levels.Conclusion:Our findings show that EF induces oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis via PI3K/Akt and NF-kB signaling pathways,and provides a basis for more in-depth studies on EF-induced DILI.

Compatibility with Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Effectively Mitigates Idiosyncratic Liver Injury of Epimedii Folium by Modulating NOD-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome Activation

Background: Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury(IDILI) is a serious side effect of drugs, Epimedii Folium(EF) is unequivocally implicated in idiosyncratic liver injury onset, potentially due to its ability to perturb the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasome. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL), a frequently used medicinal combination with EF, has not yet been investigated for its ability to ameliorate EF-associated hepatotoxicity. Aims and Objectives: Study on the mechanism of compatibility of FLL to alleviate liver injury caused by EF. Materials and Methods: Western blot was used to determine the expression of related proteins, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of related inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α, liver injury indexes were detected and liver pathological tissue staining was used to evaluate the liver injury. Results: Our results demonstrated that EF exerted a particular augmenting effect on the stimulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated by nigericin or ATP, whereas FLL suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation. Furthermore, an equal EF to FLL ratio significantly reduced the stimulatory effects of EF. Moreover, EF has the potential to induce hepatic injury and augment pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis in rats subjected to LPS. However, when combined with FLL, the detrimental effects of EF were mitigated. Conclusions: FLL possesses the capacity to attenuate EF-associated hepatotoxicity by suppressing EF-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, FLL holds promise for improving the clinical safety profile of EF, shedding light on the potential of compatibility and detoxification theories in traditional Chinese medicine.

Icariside Ⅱ, a main compound in Epimedii Folium, induces idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity by enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Idiosyncratic drus-induced liver injury(IDILI)is an intrequent but potentially serious disease that develops the main reason for post-marketing safety warnings and withdrawals of drugs.Epimedii Folium(EF),the widely used herbal medicine,has shown to cause idiosyncratic liver injury,but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.Increasing evidence has indicated that most cases of IDILI are immune mediated.Here,we report that icarisideⅡ(ICSⅡ),the major active and metabolic constituent of EF,causes idiosyncratic liver injury by promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.ICSⅡexacerbates NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and nigericin,but not silicon dioxide(SiO2),monosodium urate(MSU)crystal or cytosolic lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Additionally,the activation of NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes is not affected by ICSⅡ.Mechanistically,synergistic induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS)is a crucial contributor to the enhancing effect of ICSⅡon ATP-or nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Importantly,in vivo data show that a combination of non-hepatotoxic doses of LPS and ICSⅡcauses the increase of aminotransferase activity,hepatic inflammation and pyroptosis,which is attenuated by Nlrp3 deficiency or pretreatment with MCC950(a specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor).In conclusion,these findings demonstrate that ICSⅡcauses idiosyncratic liver injury through enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suggest that ICSⅡmay be a risk factor and responsible for EF-induced liver injury.

仙茅-淫羊藿对药治疗老年肾阳虚型骨质疏松症临床研究

目的:观察仙茅-淫羊藿对药治疗肾阳虚型老年骨质疏松症(OP)的临床效果。方法:选取90例肾阳虚型老年OP患者为研究对象,随机分为A组、B组、C组,各30例。所有患者均按医嘱完成治疗,无剔除病例。A组给予基础治疗,B组在基础治疗上给予对药1号方(低剂量)治疗,C组在基础治疗上给予对药2号方(高剂量)治疗。治疗24周后,比较3组临床疗效、中医证候评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、骨密度、骨代谢指标[Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽(PⅠNP)、β-胶原羧基端肽(β-CTX)、血清钙、血清磷]、炎症因子指标[血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平、安全性及不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,C组临床总有效率为96.67%,高于A组(66.67%)、B组(80.00%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12、24周,3组中医证候评分、VAS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且C组相同时间点的中医证候评分、VAS评分均低于A组、B组(P<0.05)。治疗24周,3组股骨颈、L_(2~4)骨密度T值均较治疗前提高(P<0.05),B组、C组股骨颈、L_(2~4)骨密度T值均高于A组(P<0.05),而B组、C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗12、24周,3组PⅠNP水平较治疗前均提高(P<0.05),且B组、C组PⅠNP水平高于A组(P<0.05);3组β-CTX水平较治疗前均降低(P<0.05),且B组、C组β-CTX水平低于A组(P<0.05);B组、C组相同时间点的PⅠNP、β-CTX水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组血清磷、钙水平治疗前后比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗12、24周,3组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且呈降低趋势(P<0.05);C组上述各项炎症指标水平在相同时间点均低于A组、B组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,A组、B组未见不良反应病例,C组出现口干5例、便秘4例,不良反应发生率为30.00%;3组不良反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:仙茅-淫羊藿对药治疗老年OP肾阳虚型疗效显著,其中对药2号方(高剂量)能进一步提高疗效,促进症状体征缓解,在改善骨密度、骨代谢指标及减轻机体炎症反应方面更有优势,且不影响机体血清磷钙代谢,但因药物剂量过大而易引发口干、便秘等不良反应。

汉中产淫羊藿不同部位黄酮含量比较分析

【目的】对陕西省汉中市所产淫羊藿不同部位的黄酮含量进行检测比较,为该地区淫羊藿的质量控制提供理论依据。【方法】采集汉中市九县二区,共17批(个)淫羊藿植株地上、地下部分,按照根、茎、叶柄、叶片4个部位,使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定朝藿定A1、朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷、宝藿苷Ⅰ共6种黄酮类成分,对淫羊藿4个部位的含量差异进行检测分析;并通过HPLC对所有样品构建淫羊藿特征指纹图谱,利用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统判定和指认共有峰,最后绘制17批(个)样品的HPLC指纹图谱。【结果】淫羊藿叶片中6种成分含量均明显高于叶柄和茎;根中6种成分差异较大,其中朝藿定C含量为0.536%~4.712%。根、茎、叶柄和叶片的6种成分总含量分别为0.616%~5.141%、0.006%~0.136%、0.007%~0.271%和0.588%~5.100%;通过中药指纹图谱确定了17批(个)样品中朝藿定A1、朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷、宝藿苷Ⅰ6个共有峰,其根、茎、叶柄和叶片的相似度分别为0.962~1.000、0.791~0.990、0.728~0.996和0.629~0.995。【结论】基于多成分含量测定,明确了汉中产淫羊藿根、茎、叶柄和叶片的质量差异;构建了汉中产淫羊藿HPLC指纹图谱。

淫羊藿药材中黄酮类成分提取工艺优选

目的优选淫羊藿药材中黄酮类成分提取工艺。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定淫羊藿药材中朝藿定A1、朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷、宝藿苷Ⅰ含量。在单因素试验基础上,以提取溶剂、液料比、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,待测成分提取总量为考察指标,采用响应面法优选淫羊藿药材中黄酮类成分的提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为液料比100(mL/g)时,以50%乙醇提取2次,每次40 min。验证试验结果显示,待测成分提取总量分别为3.16%,3.08%,3.03%,与预测值(3.12%)相当。结论该提取工艺合理可行,可为淫羊藿药材的进一步研发提供参考。

基于UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS的淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积的分析与评价

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆线性离子阱串联质谱(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定淫羊藿中黄酮类、生物碱类、酚酸类、氨基酸类及核苷类共50种活性成分的分析方法,并对其多元活性成分的动态累积进行分析与评价。采用Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以水(含0.2%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相梯度分离,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温40℃。质谱配备电喷雾离子源,在正、负离子模式下采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定;采用单因素实验及响应面法优化样品制备条件,灰色关联度分析(GRA)对不同采收期淫羊藿样品进行分析与评价。结果显示,50种目标成分在一定范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.9990),精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,平均加标回收率为94.5%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。淫羊藿中多元活性成分累积量在7月中旬出现峰值,不同类别成分累积规律具有一定差异性。6月下旬至7月下旬所采收的淫羊藿药材综合质量较好,与当地传统采收期基本吻合。该研究所构建的方法准确、可靠,可为探究淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积规律及确定适宜采收期提供依据,同时也箭叶淫羊藿药材质量的综合评价和整体控制提供方法参考。

淫羊藿苷药理作用及应用研究进展

淫羊藿(Epimedium brevicornum Maxim)是一种中药材,广泛用于各种现代中成药产品和传统中药制剂。淫羊藿属植物中化学成分丰富,现已发现黄酮、多糖、植物甾醇等260多种化学成分,其中淫羊藿苷(Icariin,ICA)含量最丰富。淫羊藿苷不仅具有广泛的药理作用,如生殖功能、骨保护作用、神经保护作用、心血管保护作用,还有一定的抗病效果,如抗肿瘤作用、抗炎作用、提高免疫力等,并能用于治疗多种疾病。结合近年来国内外研究现状,对淫羊藿苷的药理作用及在相关疾病预防治疗的应用进行综述,以期为其未来的产品开发和相关疾病的预防治疗提供参考依据。

仙灵骨葆胶囊肝毒性研究进展

目的分析仙灵骨葆胶囊的肝毒性,为其安全合理使用提供参考。方法通过查阅1994年1月1日至2022年8月31日国内外相关文献,从肝毒性表现、肝损伤的因素、毒性机制、减毒应对措施等方面对仙灵骨葆胶囊肝毒性研究概况进行整理和总结。结果仙灵骨葆胶囊的毒性成分主要是补骨脂和淫羊藿,与患者性别、年龄、药量等因素有关。结论临床使用中应加强仙灵骨葆胶囊肝毒性的监测,以减少肝损伤的发生。

高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速检测淫羊藿药材中47种农药残留

目的 建立快速检测淫羊藿药材中47种农药残留的高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法。方法 色谱条件,色谱柱为Kromasil 100-5 C_(18)柱(150 mm×3.9 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为0.4 mL/min,柱温为40℃,进样量为10μL;质谱条件,扫描模式为多反应监测(MRM)模式,电喷雾离子源正离子模式(ESI+),雾化气温度为450℃,气帘气压力为30 psi,碰撞气压力为5 psi,离子源电压为4 500 V,辅助气1,2压力均为30 psi。结果 47种农药对照品质量浓度均在2~20 ng/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r>0.997);检测限为0.04~6.50μg/kg;精密度、稳定性试验结果的RSD均小于4.0%;47种农药的加样回收率分别为72.23%~96.33%,RSD为1.40%~4.90%(n=9);基质效应考察结果表明,40种农药存在负基质效应,且38种农药的基质效应不可忽略。25批药材样品中有10批检出农药(共4种)残留。结论 该方法具有分析速度快、灵敏度高、准确度高、高通量等特点,适用于淫羊藿药材中47种农药残留的快速检测。

人参淫羊藿麦冬玛咖颗粒缓解小鼠运动性疲劳的实验研究

目的:采用小鼠游泳运动疲劳模型,研究人参淫羊藿麦冬玛咖颗粒缓解小鼠运动性疲劳的功效。方法:将SPF级别的雄性ICR小鼠按随机原则分为4组,分别为空白对照组,人参淫羊藿麦冬玛咖颗粒低、中、高剂量组,分别为3.67 g·kg^(-1)bw、7.33 g·kg^(-1)bw、11.00 g·kg^(-1)bw的灌胃量,每组10只小鼠。人参淫羊藿麦冬玛咖颗粒高、中、低3个剂量组灌胃30 d,空白对照组采用相同方式给予同等体积蒸馏水,检测小鼠负重游泳时间、血液乳酸、血液尿素氮与肝糖原,评价人参淫羊藿麦冬玛咖颗粒缓解体力疲劳的功效。结果:与空白对照组相比,人参淫羊藿麦冬玛咖颗粒的低、中、高剂量组游泳后血清尿素值及乳酸的曲线下面积均显著或极显著降低(P <0.05或P <0.01),中剂量组小鼠负重游泳维持时间明显增加(P <0.05)。结论:人参淫羊藿麦冬玛咖颗粒具有一定增强运动耐力和缓解体力疲劳的作用。

不同产地15个品种淫羊藿的质量评价

目的评价不同产地15个品种淫羊藿Epimedii Folium的质量。方法采用UPLC-MS/MS法,测定淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿次苷Ⅰ、淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ、朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、箭藿苷A、箭藿苷B、鼠李糖基淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ、宝藿苷Ⅱ的含有量。淫羊藿40%乙醇提取液的分析采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,3μm);以0.1%甲酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱;体积流量0.2 m L/min;柱温40℃。再进行主成分分析。结果 10种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999 0),平均加样回收率97.6%~104.5%,RSD 1.37%~2.93%。46批样品中朝藿定C含有量最高,朝藿定A次之,淫羊藿次苷Ⅰ最低。小花、大花品种中各成分含有量有明显差异。结论该方法灵敏快速,可为淫羊藿开发利用提供依据。

固定化蜗牛酶同时生物转化淫羊藿中4种黄酮苷

目的采用固定化蜗牛酶同时生物转化淫羊藿Epimedii Folium中4种黄酮苷,并对工艺进行优化。方法交联-包埋法制备固定化蜗牛酶,单因素试验优化生物转化工艺,HPLC法测定转化率,LC-MS/MS法鉴定转化产物。结果在最佳条件(p H值5,温度50℃,蜗牛酶与底物比例1∶1,底物质量浓度1.0 mg/m L,转化时间2 h)下,朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷可分别转化为箭藿苷A、箭藿苷B、鼠李糖基淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ,以及宝藿苷Ⅰ和淫羊藿苷元(两者均为淫羊藿苷转化产物),平均转化率分别为73.69%、74.01%、73.46%、75.52%。结论该工艺稳定简单,重复性好,可用于淫羊藿中4种黄酮苷的高效转化。

基于网络药理学及生物信息学研究骨碎补-淫羊藿治疗骨质疏松的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学和生物信息学探讨“骨碎补-淫羊藿”治疗骨质疏松的分子机制,为骨质疏松治疗提供新的靶点。方法通过TCMSP数据库筛选“骨碎补-淫羊藿”的活性成分,联合UniProt数据库预测其调控靶点,并根据GEO数据库预测治疗骨质疏松的靶点。借助R语言获取治疗骨质疏松的有效靶点,并构建“药物-成分-靶点-通路”网络。利用Cytoscape软件构建蛋白互作网络,并对关键活性成分与关键靶点之间进行分子对接验证,利用DAVID数据库对交集基因进行GO和KEGG分析。结果得到活性成分39个,治疗靶点17个。蛋白互作网络中的核心靶点主要有ESR1、PRKDC、HSPA8、EP300和HSP90AA1。DAVID富集分析主要涵盖异源代谢、固醇代谢及破骨细胞分化调控等生物学过程,涉及MAPK、NF-κB、PI3K-AKT及HIF-1等信号通路。结论通过网络药理学和生物信息学对“骨碎补-淫羊藿”治疗骨质疏松的分析不仅能识别目前已知的相关生物学过程和信号通路,还可为进一步研究“骨碎补-淫羊藿”治疗骨质疏松的药效物质基础及作用靶点提供参考。

不同产地加工与贮藏方法对淫羊藿药材中淫羊藿苷及总黄酮的影响

目的考察几种产地加工和贮藏方法对淫羊藿药材中淫羊藿苷及总黄酮的影响,以寻找出淫羊藿药材的最适产地加工和贮藏方法。方法分别采用阴干、晒干、低温干燥法及高温快速干燥法加工处理淫羊藿药材;对加工后的药材分别采用常温贮藏、常温避光贮藏及冷藏(温度4～6℃,相对湿度45%～55%)方法,分别贮藏0、1、2、4、6、9、12、15、18、21、24个月,采用HPLC法和紫外分光光度法分别测定其中淫羊藿苷和总黄酮。结果淫羊藿药材的产地加工方法应以140～180℃快速鼓风干燥法为宜,淫羊藿苷含有量较传统的阴干或晒干法提高2～15倍。结论从活性成分的含有量损失、药材外观色泽变化及节约生产成本综合考虑,淫羊藿药材以常温避光贮藏不超过18个月为宜。

淫羊藿黄酮类成分指纹图谱研究

目的建立淫羊藿中黄酮类成分HPLC指纹图谱。方法采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclispse SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0～8 min,15%→25%A;8～25 min,25%A;25～32 min,25%→33%A,32～48 min,33%→38%A;48～60 min,38%→60%A;60～70 min,60%→85%A;70～75min,15%A),流速1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,检测波长为270nm,进样量10μL。对11批淫羊藿指纹图谱进行相似度分析及方法学考察。结果 11批淫羊藿药材有21个共有峰,相似度为0.845～0.952,对5个色谱峰进行了归属;方法学考察结果表明,建立的分析方法重复性、精密度、稳定性良好;相似度分析将11批淫羊藿分为4大类,与淫羊藿物种鉴定结果一致。结论不同产地淫羊藿有一定的相似性,HPLC指纹图谱能够为淫羊藿的物种鉴定及内在质量评价提供依据。

不同地区商品淫羊藿中朝藿定、淫羊藿苷、总黄酮含量变异及抗氧化活性分析

为了了解我国商品淫羊藿的质量现状，为淫羊藿功能性食品的生产提供依据，采用高效液相色谱法测定了33批市售淫羊藿中朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C与淫羊藿苷的含量，采用紫外分光光度法测定了总黄酮的含量，采用DPPH（1，1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）与ABTS（2，2’-连氨-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二氨盐）方法分析了淫羊藿醇提物的抗氧化活性。结果发现，朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定c、淫羊藿苷与总黄酮的含量分别在0.37～3．01、0．25—5．22、0．46～19．27、0．41～13．40、18．29～68．73mg／g范围内，淫羊藿醇提物清除DPPH自由基与ABTS’自由基的EC50值分别在0.27～3．51、4．71～21．96μg／mL范围内，所有淫羊藿样品的DPPH自由基清除率均高于抗坏血酸（VC）。不同地区商品淫羊藿中黄酮类化合物含量及抗氧化活性差异较大。淫羊藿醇提物的抗氧化活性与朝藿定C、总黄酮之间具有较高的相关性（相关系数在0．5648～0．8626之间），与朝藿定A、朝藿定B、淫羊藿苷的相关性较低（相关系数在0．3550～0．6395之间）。

淫羊藿、女贞子单用及配伍对绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠骨量及内分泌器官的影响

目的研究淫羊藿、女贞子单用及配伍对绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠内分泌脏器及骨量的影响。方法将SPF级雌性SD大鼠48只按随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、淫羊藿组、女贞子组、淫羊藿女贞子配伍组(配伍组)、雷洛昔芬组(阳性药组)。除假手术组外,其余各组行双侧卵巢切除术,术后1周开始给予相应的药物治疗至术后13周结束。取右侧股骨进行骨量测定,取子宫、肾上腺、垂体行HE染色及病理计量分析。结果与假手术组比较,模型组骨量及子宫指数、肾上腺指数、垂体指数均显著降低(P <0.05或P <0.01),子宫内膜及宫壁厚度、内膜/宫壁比值,肾上腺束状带、球状带及皮质厚度,垂体嗜碱性细胞计数均显著降低(P <0.05或P <0.01)。与模型组比较,淫羊藿组、女贞子组及配伍组能显著增加骨量,子宫内膜及宫壁厚度、内膜/宫壁比值,肾上腺束状带、球状带及皮质厚度,垂体嗜碱性细胞计数(P <0.05或P <0.01);配伍组可显著增加肾上腺指数(P <0.05);配伍组与淫羊藿组能显著增加垂体指数(P <0.01)。结论淫羊藿、女贞子单用及配伍防治绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠骨质疏松的作用可能与改善内分泌器官的功能有关。