（Salen）Ti（Ⅳ）-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-opening of meso Epoxides Using Dithiophosphorus Acid as the Nucleophile

The asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides with dithiophosphorus acids catalyzed by a （salen）Ti（Ⅳ） complex formed in situ from the reaction of Ti（OPr-i）4 and the chiral Schiff base derived from （1R,2R）-（＋）-diaminocyclohexane was realized. The resulting products were obtained with low to good enantioselectivity （up to 73% ee）.

Highly active organocatalyst from a trivalent phosphazenium salt for ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides enhanced by hydrogen bonding interactions

It is highly desirable to develop simple organocatalysts for the controlled ring-opening alternating copolymerization(ROAC)of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides,leading to high molecular weight polyesters.Hence,a phosphazenium salt,namely tri[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidenamino]phosphonium chloride(P_(4)^(+)Cl^(-)),is developed as a catalyst for the ROAC of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides.Surprisingly,the combination of P_(4)^(+)Cl^(-)with a protonic initiator,such as 1,4-benzenedimethanol(BDM)exhibited high efficiency in the copolymerization of propylene oxide(PO)and phthalic anhydride(PA).This led to the production of polyester with an exceptional high molecular weight(M_n)of up to 126 k Da,which represented a rare example of poly(PO-alt-PA)with Mnsurpassing 100 k Da.Note that the core P atom is trivalent status and the tris[tris(dimethylamino)]phosphoranyl group will share one proton in the P_(4)^(+)Cl^(-)salt.Once combined with protonic species,the P_(4)^(+)Cl^(-)will not only serve as a proton acceptor but also as a hydrogen bonding donor for the cyclic anhydrides.Therefore,it was assumed that the P_(4)^(+)plus proton served dual role in mimic of base/urea pair to effectively catalyze ROAC,which was supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.

Unexpected Stereospecific Rearrangement-Addition Reaction of Trisubstituted Gibberellin Epoxides with Trimethylaluminium

A novel rearrangement-addition reaction of trisubstituted gibberellin epoxides with trimethylaluminium is reported. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically to give tertiary methyl alcohols. The possible mechanism for the reaction is also discussed.

Syntheses of 2- or 6-Substituted Chromones and Chromone Ring-opening Reaction in Polyphosphoric Acid

In an attempt to find new antitumor agents,a novel class of chromone compounds with a benzimidazole or a benzoxazole ring in positions 2 or 6 were synthesized via condensation in polyphosphoric acid(PPA) by using chromone acids as the starting materials. During the preparation process,it was found that PPA could cleave the chromone ring to produce a ring-opening compound(6). The molar ratio of the chromone compound(5) to the ring-opening compound(6) varied with the change of reaction temperature and time. Based on MTT protocol,the antitumor activity of each of the compounds obtained was evaluated against three human cancer cell lines: KB(oral epidermal),A2780(ovary) and Bel7402(liver). The IC_ 50 varied from 54.7 μmol/L to more than 180 μmol/L.

Carbene-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-Opening Reaction of Biaryl Lactams to Access Axially Chiral Biaryls

Axially chiral biaryls represent the most important class of atropisomers,and they widely exist in natural products and biologically active molecules.They also constitute a unique scaffold for chiral ligands and catalysts in organic synthesis.The development of synthetic methods to obtain such chiral compounds has received widespread attention,among which catalytically atroposelective ring-opening of configurationally labile compounds represents one of the most attractive strategies.Various substrates with strained cyclic structures,such as the renowned Bringmann's lactones,can undergo asymmetric transformation into stable atropisomers.Known advancement primarily relies on metal catalyst combined with well-designed chiral ligands,the approaches utilizing organocatalysis as a critical resolution strategy are notably scarce.In this study,we disclosed a N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening reaction of biaryl lactams via direct atroposelective nucleophilic activation.The optimized bulky carbene catalyst ensures that the reaction can proceed under mild conditions,affording the desired product with good to excellent yields and atroposelectivity.

Photoredox/Ti dual-catalyzed dehydroxylative ring-opening Giese reaction of cyclobutanone oximes

A dehydroxylative ring-opening Giese reaction of cyclobutanone oximes enabled by photoredox/Ti dual catalysis has been reported in this work.This protocol avoids the prefunctionalization of oximes and the use of stoichiometric triarylphosphine reagents.It also features mild conditions,broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.The gram-scale reaction,product derivatization,late-stage functionalization of complex pharmaceutical and natural product derivatives,and oligopeptide modification exhibit the potential application of this methodology in synthetic chemistry.

IMPROVEMENT OF WET-CREASE RECOVERY PROPERTIES OF SILK FABRICS TREATED WITH EPOXIDES

Silk fabrics is finished with epoxide TDEA or TDEB. By the determination of washing fastness, DSC, IR spectrum and amino acid contents tests, TDEA or TDEB is confirmed to react with silk fibroin. By means of tests of silk fibroin swelling and solubility in some solvents, crosslinking reactions between TDEA or TDEB and silk fibroin arc further proved, which is obviously responsible to the increase of wet-crease recovery of silk fabrics finished with epoxide TDEA or TDEB.

Epoxidation of Styrene-Isoprene-Styrene Block Copolymer and Research on Its Reaction Mechanism

Styrene-isoprene-styrene（SIS） block copolymer was modified into epoxidized styrene-isoprene-styrene（ESIS） block copolymer with performic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and formic acid.The structure and property of ESIS were characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy,gel permeation chromatography（GPC）,thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric（TG/DTG）,melt flow rate（MFR） and dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA）,and the reaction mechanism in the process of epoxidation was analyzed.The results showed that C=C double bonds of 1,4-structure were more active than that of 3,4-structure in polyisoprene chains.With epoxidation reaction proceeding,the whole tendency of molecular weight increased and molecular weight distribution widened,and MFR firstly increased and latterly decreased.The heat resistance of ESIS was superior to that of SIS.When SIS was changed into ESIS with 15.3% of mass fraction of epoxide groups,Tg of polyisoprene chains increased from-45.3 ℃ to 10.9 ℃.In the earlier period of epoxidation,some molecular chains ruptured and new substances with low molecular weight formed.However,in the latter period,crosslinking reaction between molecular chains which was initiated by epoxide groups or C=C double bonds occurred and crosslinked insoluble substances came into being.

Effects of the Water in Mixed Solvent on the Epoxidation Reaction of Propylene with TS-1 Catalyst

The epoxidation reaction of propylene and hydrogen peroxide with zeolite catalyst containing titaniumsilicalite (TS-1)has been studied, and the reaction in the mixed solvent of water/methanol has been discussed. It is shown that the selective of epoxidation propylene decreases while the selective of propylene glycol increases, when the water content increases in the mixed solvent of methanol/water.

Preparation of nucleoside-pyridine hybrids and pyridine attached acylureas from an unexpected uracil ring-opening and pyridine ring-forming sequence

Novel pyrimidine nucleoside-3,5-dicyanopyridine hybrids （4） or pyridine attached acylureas （5） were selectively and efficiently prepared from the reaction of 2′-deoxyuddin-5-yl-methylene malononitrile （1）, malononitrile （2） and thiophenol （3） or from an unexpected uracil ring-opening and pyddine ring-forming sequence via the reaction of 1 and 3. It is the first time such a sequence has ever been reported.

TARTARIC ACID TEMPLATED SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS Ti-INCORPORATED SILICA AND ITS CATALYTIC ACTIVITY FOR THE RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF ε-CAPROLACTONE

Ti-incorporated mesoporous silica materials with pore diameters of 3-4 nm have been prepared via the co-hydrolysis and co-condensation reactions, that is the sol-gel reactions, of titanium (IV) tetrabutoxide and tetraethylorthosilicate in the presence of tartaric acid as template, followed by extraction with ethanol to remove the templatemolecules. The materials were characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption test, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Theresults indicate that the Ti-containing silica materials have large specific surface areas (ca. 1200 m^2 g^(-1)) and pore volumes(ca. 0.900 cm^3 g^(-1)). The mesoporosity arises from disordered interconnecting channels or pores. The Ti-incorporated silicasexhibit catalytic activity for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, otherwise, the pure mesoporous silicamaterial shows no catalytic activity under the identical conditions.

Potassium Acetate/18-Crown-6 Pair:Robust and Versatile Catalyst for Synthesis of Polyols from Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides

Efficient synthesis of polyester polyols with tunable molecular weight and microstructures from cyclic anhydride/epoxide mixtures by taking advantage of chain transfer reaction remains a great challenge,because most of the catalysts exhibit poor tolerance to chain transfer agent(CTA).In this contribution,we demonstrated that potassium acetate(KOAc)and 18-crown-6(18-C-6)combination has great potential in the synthesis of diverse polyester polyols with controllable molecular weight and high-end group fidelity.Com-pared with KOAc,KOAc/18-C-6 pair could induce a much faster chain transfer between the active and dormant chains,and thus produce polyester polyols with narrow and monomodal distribution.In addition,polyester polyols could be efficiently prepared in laboratory by using commercially available cyclic anhydride without further purification(containing about 2%diacid residual as CTA)with an extremely low catalyst loading([catalyst pair]:[anhydride]:[epoxide]=1:50000:250000,[catalyst pair]=0.0004 mol%).KOAc/18-C-6 could also promote the self-switchable copolymerization of cyclic anhydride/epoxide/cyclic ester mixtures.Ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic ester was initiated automatically after the full conversion of cyclic anhydride,finally producing polyester polyols with ABA-type block structure.

Regioselective Ring-opening Reaction of 1,2-Epoxides with Arylselenol under Solvent-free Conditions and Application to the Synthesis of 1,3-Oxazolidin-2-ones

Regioselective ring-opening reactions of 1,2-epoxides with ArSeH catalyzed by Ti（O^tPr）4 under solvent-free conditions were investigated. A variety of β-hydroxyselenides were obtained in excellent yields of 90%-97% and regioselectivities by a simple, atom economic and environment-friendly procedure. Several N-tosyl- 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones were prepared starting from the corresponding 1,2-epoxides and ArSeH by a one-pot three-step procedure.

复合生物油再生剂研发及其对长期老化沥青成分的影响

为了研发一种新型复合生物油再生剂,并探究其对长期老化沥青化学成分的再生作用,采用蓖麻油植物沥青(COA)与环氧大豆油(ESO)按照不同复配比例制备了复合生物油再生剂,确定了复合生物油中蓖麻油植物沥青与环氧大豆油的最优复配比例;基于红外光谱变化研究了蓖麻油植物沥青与环氧大豆油的原位动态化学反应机制,以及沥青再生前后的化学成分变化情况。结果表明,按照蓖麻油植物沥青和环氧大豆油质量比1∶3复配制得的复合生物油再生剂可以有效地将长期老化沥青的基本性能恢复至老化前水平。蓖麻油植物沥青和环氧大豆油发生了开环缩合反应,生成含脂肪族的聚合物,该反应在老化沥青再生过程中仍然可以持续地进行,并继续影响再生沥青的基本性能。在蓖麻油植物沥青和环氧大豆油的共同作用下,再生沥青中的亚砜基和羰基官能团含量减少。该研究提供了一种长期老化沥青的复合生物油再生剂,并揭示了其对长期老化沥青化学成分的影响及再生作用。

羧酸酯咪唑鎓盐催化CO_(2)与氧化苯乙烯的环加成反应

使用苯并咪唑、无水碳酸钾、乙腈溶剂与4-溴甲基苯甲酸甲酯进行反应生成1,3-双(4-苯甲酸甲酯)苯并咪唑鎓溴盐(MBBI^(+)Br^(-))。采用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、红外光谱(IR)、热重分析(TGA)对制备的催化剂MBBI^(+)Br^(-)反应前后进行结构表征。结果表明:此催化剂在循环反应前后具有良好的稳定性。将MBBI^(+)Br^(-)应用于催化CO_(2)和氧化苯乙烯的环加成反应,在常压、催化剂用量为2%(摩尔分数)、反应温度为100℃、反应时间为24h的条件下,催化CO_(2)与氧化苯乙炔的环加成反应生成环状碳酸酯的产率达94%,且在循环5次实验后产率仍大于90%。

Pd(I)-catalyzed ring-opening arylation of cyclopropyl-α-aminoamides:Access toα-ketoamide peptidomimetics

We report the unprecedent Pd(I)catalyzed ring-opening arylation of cyclopropyl-α-aminoamides.This protocol allows facile access to biologically important α-ketoamide-containing oligopeptides and even more challenging peptide-natural product conjugates.Site selectivity was achieved by introduction of special unnatural amino acids,which also meets the requisite of bioorthogonal chemistry.Mechanism investigations reveals a distinct domino radical ring-opening process through Pd(I)catalysis.

双盐离子液体的离子微环境调控及对环氧丙烷开环反应的影响

合成了具有不同阳离子1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、胆碱、四乙基铵,但具有相同阴离子醋酸根的双盐离子液体(DSILs)。随着不同阳离子混合和比例的调整,DSILs的氢键离子微环境和电子密度通过递减密度梯度和核磁共振光谱进行分析,揭示了其非理想型变化的原因。当DSILs催化剂被放入甲醇溶剂中时,离子液体之间的相互作用被屏蔽,进一步对甲醇的溶剂性能造成影响。在环氧丙烷与甲醇的开环加成反应中,DSILs催化剂通过不同阳离子组合和比例的调整,增强了单一离子液体的催化性能。

均相与多相催化剂在CO_(2)环加成反应中的研究进展

二氧化碳(CO_(2))是一种主要的人为温室气体,主要由化学、热电和钢铁工业以及运输等部门产生。大气层中CO_(2)浓度的增加是导致诸多环境问题的主要原因,如全球变暖、海平面上升和全球气温升高。然而,CO_(2)作为一种可再生、廉价和无毒的化学原料,可用来生产具有高附加值的化学品,进而降低碳浓度。五元环碳酸酯由于其优越的物理化学特性,如高沸点、高偶极矩和生物降解等性能而被广泛应用。由环氧化合物和CO_(2)合成环碳酸酯是迄今为止研究较多的方法。然而,由于CO_(2)的高热稳定性和动力学惰性,使其作为反应原料需要大量的能量投入,可能导致的结果是CO_(2)浓度是一个净增长过程。因此,利用CO_(2)作为C1构筑单元是一个长期的挑战。本工作基于CO_(2)固定反应机制,概述了各种类型的均相和多相催化剂在CO_(2)固定反应合成精细化学品环状碳酸酯中的研究进展,包括有机催化剂、离子液体、金属有机框架化合物、多孔有机聚合物等。目前,几乎所有类别催化剂均可以在室温和低压力下,以实验室规模成功地使用纯CO_(2)将其固定到末端环氧化合物上,对于非末端环氧化合物通过更高的温度和压力以实现相应转化。同时,分析了催化剂在多取代环氧化合物或生物衍生环氧化合物转化、低浓度CO_(2)转化和实现工业化三个方面所面临的挑战,并提出了未来相关研究努力的方向。

CO_(2)与环氧化物耦合制备环状碳酸酯的多相催化体系研究进展

作为最主要的温室气体,二氧化碳(CO_(2))的过度排放已导致了严重的环境问题。同时,CO_(2)也属于储量丰富、廉价、安全和可再生利用的C1资源,被认为是有机合成的理想碳材料。高效且绿色的化学固定CO_(2)耦合制备具有高沸点、高极性、低挥发性和可生物降解性等优点的环状碳酸酯是CO_(2)资源化利用的有效方式,已引起社会各界的广泛关注。本文首先简述了目前合成环状碳酸酯的现有反应路径。然后,以CO_(2)和环氧化物的耦合反应为出发点,着重分析了该反应发生所涉及的反应机理以及催化该反应时多相催化体系的设计思路和当前研究进展。同时,综合比较了不同多相催化体系的催化条件、催化活性及循环使用性等催化参数的优缺点。最后,基于上述分析,本文总结了不同多相催化体系的应用前景并建议其后续发展应与均相催化体系相结合,利用两者的优势高效活化CO_(2)与环氧化物,以实现温和条件下催化耦合反应。

环氧油酸甲酯的开环反应工艺、动力学及性能研究

环氧油酸甲酯是由油酸甲酯和过氧化氢经环氧化制成的,是制备环境友好型润滑油基础油的潜在替代品之一。其经过开环反应后的产物,不仅保留了优良的润滑性、不易挥发、黏度指数高、无害环保、资源可再生、生物降解能力等特点,还具有优良抗磨性能和氧化稳定性。本文通过单因素实验和性能测试,对环氧油酸甲酯开环反应工艺、动力学及性能进行研究。结果表明:环氧环与甲酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,温度为62℃,反应时间为75 min是最优反应条件;开环反应级数为2.82和活化能为61.15 kJ/mol;开环反应产物的闪点、氧化安定性得以提高,并且抗磨性能增强。开展环氧油酸甲酯的开环研究对润滑油基础油方面具有重大意义。