Three new cyclohexene epoxides,polysyphoside A,B and C,along with a known compound crotepoxide(4),were isolated from Piper polysyphorum C.DC.Based on spectroscopic analysis,their structures were established as 1-benzo...Three new cyclohexene epoxides,polysyphoside A,B and C,along with a known compound crotepoxide(4),were isolated from Piper polysyphorum C.DC.Based on spectroscopic analysis,their structures were established as 1-benzoyloxymethylene-2-hydroxy-3-benzoyloxy-1,6- epoxycyclohex-4-ene(1),1-benzoyloxymethylene-2-hydroxy-5-benzoyloxy-1,6-epoxycyclohex-3-ene (2)and 2-hydroxy-3-benzoyloxymethylene-5-benzoyloxy-1,6-epoxycyclohex-3-ene(3),respectively.It was the first time that(1),(2)and(3)had been isolated from a natural source.展开更多
The aim of "green chemistry" and "atom economy" is to utilize carbon dioxide and replace harmful reactants such as CO and phosgene for the production of cyclic carbonates. In this paper, metal-free catalysts inclu...The aim of "green chemistry" and "atom economy" is to utilize carbon dioxide and replace harmful reactants such as CO and phosgene for the production of cyclic carbonates. In this paper, metal-free catalysts including organic bases, ionic liquids, supported catalysts, organic copolymers and carbon materials for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides are reviewed. Recent advances in the design of the catalysts and the understanding of the reaction mechanism are summarized and discussed. The synergistic effects of organic bases and hydrogen bond donors, organic bases and nucleophilic anions, hydrogen bond donors and nucleophilic anions and active components and supports are highlighted. The challenge is to develop metal-free catalysts suitable for carbon dioxide capture and fixation. The ultimate goal is to synthesize cyclic carbonates in a flow reactor directly using carbon dioxide from industrial flue gas at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. By using synergetic effects, a multi-functional approach can meet the design strategy of metal-free catalysts for carbon dioxide adsorption and activation as well as epoxide ring opening.展开更多
For the first time,metal hydrogen sulfates and phosphates/silica gel have been studied as efficient and powerful solid acid catalysts in the ring opening of epoxides with thiocyanate anion.The most significant result ...For the first time,metal hydrogen sulfates and phosphates/silica gel have been studied as efficient and powerful solid acid catalysts in the ring opening of epoxides with thiocyanate anion.The most significant result was obtained by Al(HSO4)3/SiO2which afforded the corresponding β-hydroxy thiocyanates under mild reaction conditions and in very short reaction times.The cheapness, availability of the catalyst,ease of procedure and work-up make this method attractive for the organic synthesis.展开更多
Using four β-cyclodextrin derivatives, 2,6-di-O-benzyl-3-O-heptanonyl-β-CD, 2,6-di- O-benzyl-3-O-octanonyl-β-CD, 2,3-di-O-benzyl-6-O-heptanonyl-β-CD, and 2,3-di-O-benzyl -6-O- octanonyl-β-CD, as chiral stationary...Using four β-cyclodextrin derivatives, 2,6-di-O-benzyl-3-O-heptanonyl-β-CD, 2,6-di- O-benzyl-3-O-octanonyl-β-CD, 2,3-di-O-benzyl-6-O-heptanonyl-β-CD, and 2,3-di-O-benzyl -6-O- octanonyl-β-CD, as chiral stationary phases of capillary gas chromatography (CGC), the enantiomers of Sharpless epoxides were well separated. The enantiomer excess values (e.e.%) of some chiral Sharpless epoxides were also determined successfully using these CDs.展开更多
Allylation of terminal epoxides(1)to give the homoallylic alcohols(2)and bishomoallylic alcohols(3)can be carried out successfully by allyl bromide and metallic zinc or tin.The effect of substituents on epoxides was s...Allylation of terminal epoxides(1)to give the homoallylic alcohols(2)and bishomoallylic alcohols(3)can be carried out successfully by allyl bromide and metallic zinc or tin.The effect of substituents on epoxides was studied.展开更多
Silk fabrics is finished with epoxide TDEA or TDEB. By the determination of washing fastness, DSC, IR spectrum and amino acid contents tests, TDEA or TDEB is confirmed to react with silk fibroin. By means of tests of ...Silk fabrics is finished with epoxide TDEA or TDEB. By the determination of washing fastness, DSC, IR spectrum and amino acid contents tests, TDEA or TDEB is confirmed to react with silk fibroin. By means of tests of silk fibroin swelling and solubility in some solvents, crosslinking reactions between TDEA or TDEB and silk fibroin arc further proved, which is obviously responsible to the increase of wet-crease recovery of silk fabrics finished with epoxide TDEA or TDEB.展开更多
A highly effective and mild protocol for ring opening of epoxides with NH4SCN in the presence of catalytic amount of a multi- site phase-transfer catalyst, α,α',α"-N-hexakis(triethylammoniummethylene chloride)-...A highly effective and mild protocol for ring opening of epoxides with NH4SCN in the presence of catalytic amount of a multi- site phase-transfer catalyst, α,α',α"-N-hexakis(triethylammoniummethylene chloride)-melamine, is developed. A variety of ^-hydroxy thiocyanates as important intermediates in agricultural and pharmaceutical chemistry were obtained in high yields with excellent regioselectivity and in short reaction times. 2009 Ali Reza Kiasat. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Metal(Al,Ti,Zr)triflate grafted mesoporous SBA‐15(AlTf/S,TiTf/S,ZrTf/S)samples were synthesizedas inexpensive solid acid materials by a simple one‐pot‐two‐step synthesis methodology.These materials were characteri...Metal(Al,Ti,Zr)triflate grafted mesoporous SBA‐15(AlTf/S,TiTf/S,ZrTf/S)samples were synthesizedas inexpensive solid acid materials by a simple one‐pot‐two‐step synthesis methodology.These materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction,N2‐sorption,thermogravimetric analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT‐IR),in‐situ pyridine FT‐IR spectroscopy,and elementalanalysis.ZrTf/S was found to be a highly efficient and reusable solid acid catalyst for ring opening ofepoxides with amines and alcohols and producedβ‐amino alcohols andβ‐alkoxy alcohols respectivelyunder ambient reaction conditions.The ZrTf/S catalyst showed the highest activity,whichwas attributed to its high acidity compared with that of the Ti and Al containing samples.展开更多
Silica sulfuric acid was developed as a stable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis. This solid acid catalyzed the regioselective ring opening of epoxides by thiocyanate anion to give thiocyanohyd...Silica sulfuric acid was developed as a stable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis. This solid acid catalyzed the regioselective ring opening of epoxides by thiocyanate anion to give thiocyanohydrins as key intermediates in agricultural and pharmaceutical chemistry in high yields under solvent-free conditions.展开更多
A series of novel cobalt carbonyl ionic liquids based on1,1,3,3‐tetra‐alkyl‐guanidine,such as[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diethylguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3a),[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐dibutylguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3b),[1,1‐dimethy...A series of novel cobalt carbonyl ionic liquids based on1,1,3,3‐tetra‐alkyl‐guanidine,such as[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diethylguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3a),[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐dibutylguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3b),[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐tetramethyleneguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3c),and[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐pentamethyleneguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3d),were synthesized in good yields and were also characterized using infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy,1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,13C NMR spectroscopy,high‐resolution mass spectrometry,differential scanning calorimetry,and thermogravimetric analysis.The four compounds exhibited high thermal and chemical stability.In addition,the catalytic performance of these compounds was investigated in the carbonylation of epoxides,with3a exhibiting the best catalytic activity without the aid of a base as the additive.The catalyst could be reused at least six times without significant decreases of the selectivity or conversion rate.Moreover,the catalyst system exhibited good tolerance with terminal epoxides bearing alkyl,alkenyl,aryl,alkoxy,and chloromethyl functional groups.展开更多
Over the past few years, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been proven to be an efficient methylating, methoxylating, and methoxycarbonylating agent in organic syntheses, in which DMC is used to replace the toxic methyl ...Over the past few years, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been proven to be an efficient methylating, methoxylating, and methoxycarbonylating agent in organic syntheses, in which DMC is used to replace the toxic methyl halides, dimethyl sulfate or carbon monoxide, and so forth. Furthermore, DMC has been used in the syntheses of polycarbonates and polyurethane to develop the nonphosgene routes Therefore, DMC has become one of the most important compounds in the development of green synthetic chemistry.展开更多
The catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates via the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is a standard methodology for CO2 fixation.For this purpose,chiral basket-handle porphyrin-Co complexes were devised,prepared,and f...The catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates via the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is a standard methodology for CO2 fixation.For this purpose,chiral basket-handle porphyrin-Co complexes were devised,prepared,and fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance,mass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,and specific rotation.The proposed metalloporphyrin catalysts were synthesized with either 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol or L-phenylalanine,which have different chirality,and then applied to the coupling of propylene oxide and CO2 for generating chiral cyclic carbonates with good enantioselectivity under extremely mild conditions in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium chloride as a co-catalyst.The good enantioselectivity in the cycloaddition reaction is attributed to a synergistic interplay between the chiral porphyrin catalysts and the substrate.The mechanism and enantioselectivity of the asymmetric cycloaddition reaction is discussed.展开更多
[Cyclopentadien-Fe-naphthalene]BF4(CFN) and [cyclopentadien-Fe-anisole]BF4(CFA) as thermal cationic initiators for the curing of epoxide E44 and GGE were investigated. CFN brought out the curing of E44 at 89.1℃ and t...[Cyclopentadien-Fe-naphthalene]BF4(CFN) and [cyclopentadien-Fe-anisole]BF4(CFA) as thermal cationic initiators for the curing of epoxide E44 and GGE were investigated. CFN brought out the curing of E44 at 89.1℃ and that of GGE at 148.7℃. However, CFA had much less thermal initiating activity under 300℃. Under UV radiation for short time, the thermal initiating activities of CFN and CFA were enhanced obviously. It was observed that the initiating onset temperature decreased and the evolved heat of the curing increased. Both CFN and CFA can carry out the polymerization of E44 and GGE near 85℃ and 112℃ by UV radiation.展开更多
A novel rearrangement-addition reaction of trisubstituted gibberellin epoxides with trimethylaluminium is reported. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically to give tertiary methyl alcohols. The possible mechanism for...A novel rearrangement-addition reaction of trisubstituted gibberellin epoxides with trimethylaluminium is reported. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically to give tertiary methyl alcohols. The possible mechanism for the reaction is also discussed.展开更多
Macroporous resin (D201)-supported quartemary ammonium bisulfate (D201-HSO4) was prepared and effectively used in catalyzing the hydrolysis of epoxides or aziridines under mild and non-metal conditions to give the...Macroporous resin (D201)-supported quartemary ammonium bisulfate (D201-HSO4) was prepared and effectively used in catalyzing the hydrolysis of epoxides or aziridines under mild and non-metal conditions to give the corresponding 1,2-diols and β-amino alcohols in high yields. The catalyst was facilely prepared and recyclable.展开更多
The AIEt3-promoted tandem reductive rearrangement reactions of epoxides was studied at B3LYP/6- 31C(d,p) level. For the model compound α-hydroxy epoxides, two possible reaction pathways Ⅰ and Ⅱ were calculated. T...The AIEt3-promoted tandem reductive rearrangement reactions of epoxides was studied at B3LYP/6- 31C(d,p) level. For the model compound α-hydroxy epoxides, two possible reaction pathways Ⅰ and Ⅱ were calculated. The main difference is the order of ethylene release and six- to five-member ring rearrangement. The ring contraction rearrangement in pathway Ⅰ is the first step and this step is the rate controlling step with a free energy barrier of 116.62 kJ/mol. For pathway Ⅱ, the ethylene release occurs first, and is followed by a six-member ring opening reaction which is the rate controlling step, and the barrier is 251.38 kJ/mol. The reason for such high barrier is that the ethylene release results in the following reaction being more difficult. The results show that pathway Ⅰ (C-C rearrangement and then ethylene release) is more favorable, which is consistent with experimental results.展开更多
Lewis acidic guanidinium ionic liquid(LAGIL) 2c was used as a novel, efficient and recyclable catalyst for aminolysis of epoxides under solvent-free and room temperature conditions, giving the corresponding β-amino...Lewis acidic guanidinium ionic liquid(LAGIL) 2c was used as a novel, efficient and recyclable catalyst for aminolysis of epoxides under solvent-free and room temperature conditions, giving the corresponding β-amino alcohols with moderate to excellent regioselectivity(up to 91:9) in high yields(up to 97%). In addition, LAGIL 2c was recycled three times without any loss of catalytic activity and selectivity to the product.展开更多
The asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides with dithiophosphorus acids catalyzed by a (salen)Ti(Ⅳ) complex formed in situ from the reaction of Ti(OPr-i)4 and the chiral Schiff base derived from (1R,2R)-(+)-di...The asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides with dithiophosphorus acids catalyzed by a (salen)Ti(Ⅳ) complex formed in situ from the reaction of Ti(OPr-i)4 and the chiral Schiff base derived from (1R,2R)-(+)-diaminocyclohexane was realized. The resulting products were obtained with low to good enantioselectivity (up to 73% ee).展开更多
The conformations and relative configurations of four epoxides of α-amido cyclohexenes have been determined by the combination of molecular modeling and NMR decoupling technique, cis-Epoxides were deduced from the vi...The conformations and relative configurations of four epoxides of α-amido cyclohexenes have been determined by the combination of molecular modeling and NMR decoupling technique, cis-Epoxides were deduced from the vicinal coupling constants calculated from the torsional angles H(1)-C(1)-C(2)-H(2) in modeling models by means of Karplus equation and observed by decoupling technique. The crystal structure of cis-4-nitro-N-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl)benzamide further confirms this assignment.展开更多
The chemical and microbiological hydrolyses of epoxide compounds of acetylene series have been comparatively carried out. It has been shown that as distinguished from chemical one in microbiological hydrolysis along w...The chemical and microbiological hydrolyses of epoxide compounds of acetylene series have been comparatively carried out. It has been shown that as distinguished from chemical one in microbiological hydrolysis along with corresponding optically active glycols, ketoalcohols of acetylene series are also formed. It has been also defined that the synthesized glycols of acetylene series have bactericide properties related to sulfate-reducing bacteria at concentration of 100 - 200 mg/l. It has been established that an introduction of electron-acceptor chlorine atoms in molecules influence on decreasing of bactericide activity of acetylene glycols.展开更多
文摘Three new cyclohexene epoxides,polysyphoside A,B and C,along with a known compound crotepoxide(4),were isolated from Piper polysyphorum C.DC.Based on spectroscopic analysis,their structures were established as 1-benzoyloxymethylene-2-hydroxy-3-benzoyloxy-1,6- epoxycyclohex-4-ene(1),1-benzoyloxymethylene-2-hydroxy-5-benzoyloxy-1,6-epoxycyclohex-3-ene (2)and 2-hydroxy-3-benzoyloxymethylene-5-benzoyloxy-1,6-epoxycyclohex-3-ene(3),respectively.It was the first time that(1),(2)and(3)had been isolated from a natural source.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Project of China(2013BAC11B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21401054,21476065,21273067)the Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Fund Project of Hunan Province(CX2015B082)~~
文摘The aim of "green chemistry" and "atom economy" is to utilize carbon dioxide and replace harmful reactants such as CO and phosgene for the production of cyclic carbonates. In this paper, metal-free catalysts including organic bases, ionic liquids, supported catalysts, organic copolymers and carbon materials for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides are reviewed. Recent advances in the design of the catalysts and the understanding of the reaction mechanism are summarized and discussed. The synergistic effects of organic bases and hydrogen bond donors, organic bases and nucleophilic anions, hydrogen bond donors and nucleophilic anions and active components and supports are highlighted. The challenge is to develop metal-free catalysts suitable for carbon dioxide capture and fixation. The ultimate goal is to synthesize cyclic carbonates in a flow reactor directly using carbon dioxide from industrial flue gas at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. By using synergetic effects, a multi-functional approach can meet the design strategy of metal-free catalysts for carbon dioxide adsorption and activation as well as epoxide ring opening.
基金the Shahid Chamran University Research Council for partial financial support of this work
文摘For the first time,metal hydrogen sulfates and phosphates/silica gel have been studied as efficient and powerful solid acid catalysts in the ring opening of epoxides with thiocyanate anion.The most significant result was obtained by Al(HSO4)3/SiO2which afforded the corresponding β-hydroxy thiocyanates under mild reaction conditions and in very short reaction times.The cheapness, availability of the catalyst,ease of procedure and work-up make this method attractive for the organic synthesis.
基金This work was kindly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30471153,30170621and 21023478).
文摘Using four β-cyclodextrin derivatives, 2,6-di-O-benzyl-3-O-heptanonyl-β-CD, 2,6-di- O-benzyl-3-O-octanonyl-β-CD, 2,3-di-O-benzyl-6-O-heptanonyl-β-CD, and 2,3-di-O-benzyl -6-O- octanonyl-β-CD, as chiral stationary phases of capillary gas chromatography (CGC), the enantiomers of Sharpless epoxides were well separated. The enantiomer excess values (e.e.%) of some chiral Sharpless epoxides were also determined successfully using these CDs.
文摘Allylation of terminal epoxides(1)to give the homoallylic alcohols(2)and bishomoallylic alcohols(3)can be carried out successfully by allyl bromide and metallic zinc or tin.The effect of substituents on epoxides was studied.
文摘Silk fabrics is finished with epoxide TDEA or TDEB. By the determination of washing fastness, DSC, IR spectrum and amino acid contents tests, TDEA or TDEB is confirmed to react with silk fibroin. By means of tests of silk fibroin swelling and solubility in some solvents, crosslinking reactions between TDEA or TDEB and silk fibroin arc further proved, which is obviously responsible to the increase of wet-crease recovery of silk fabrics finished with epoxide TDEA or TDEB.
基金the partial support of this work by Shahid Chamran Research Council
文摘A highly effective and mild protocol for ring opening of epoxides with NH4SCN in the presence of catalytic amount of a multi- site phase-transfer catalyst, α,α',α"-N-hexakis(triethylammoniummethylene chloride)-melamine, is developed. A variety of ^-hydroxy thiocyanates as important intermediates in agricultural and pharmaceutical chemistry were obtained in high yields with excellent regioselectivity and in short reaction times. 2009 Ali Reza Kiasat. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金supported by the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative (2016PT028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21273225 and 21403219)~~
文摘Metal(Al,Ti,Zr)triflate grafted mesoporous SBA‐15(AlTf/S,TiTf/S,ZrTf/S)samples were synthesizedas inexpensive solid acid materials by a simple one‐pot‐two‐step synthesis methodology.These materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction,N2‐sorption,thermogravimetric analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT‐IR),in‐situ pyridine FT‐IR spectroscopy,and elementalanalysis.ZrTf/S was found to be a highly efficient and reusable solid acid catalyst for ring opening ofepoxides with amines and alcohols and producedβ‐amino alcohols andβ‐alkoxy alcohols respectivelyunder ambient reaction conditions.The ZrTf/S catalyst showed the highest activity,whichwas attributed to its high acidity compared with that of the Ti and Al containing samples.
文摘Silica sulfuric acid was developed as a stable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis. This solid acid catalyzed the regioselective ring opening of epoxides by thiocyanate anion to give thiocyanohydrins as key intermediates in agricultural and pharmaceutical chemistry in high yields under solvent-free conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21373248,21673260,21133011)~~
文摘A series of novel cobalt carbonyl ionic liquids based on1,1,3,3‐tetra‐alkyl‐guanidine,such as[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diethylguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3a),[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐dibutylguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3b),[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐tetramethyleneguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3c),and[1,1‐dimethyl‐3,3‐pentamethyleneguanidinium][Co(CO)4](3d),were synthesized in good yields and were also characterized using infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy,1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,13C NMR spectroscopy,high‐resolution mass spectrometry,differential scanning calorimetry,and thermogravimetric analysis.The four compounds exhibited high thermal and chemical stability.In addition,the catalytic performance of these compounds was investigated in the carbonylation of epoxides,with3a exhibiting the best catalytic activity without the aid of a base as the additive.The catalyst could be reused at least six times without significant decreases of the selectivity or conversion rate.Moreover,the catalyst system exhibited good tolerance with terminal epoxides bearing alkyl,alkenyl,aryl,alkoxy,and chloromethyl functional groups.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No20473043)
文摘Over the past few years, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been proven to be an efficient methylating, methoxylating, and methoxycarbonylating agent in organic syntheses, in which DMC is used to replace the toxic methyl halides, dimethyl sulfate or carbon monoxide, and so forth. Furthermore, DMC has been used in the syntheses of polycarbonates and polyurethane to develop the nonphosgene routes Therefore, DMC has become one of the most important compounds in the development of green synthetic chemistry.
文摘The catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates via the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is a standard methodology for CO2 fixation.For this purpose,chiral basket-handle porphyrin-Co complexes were devised,prepared,and fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance,mass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,and specific rotation.The proposed metalloporphyrin catalysts were synthesized with either 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol or L-phenylalanine,which have different chirality,and then applied to the coupling of propylene oxide and CO2 for generating chiral cyclic carbonates with good enantioselectivity under extremely mild conditions in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium chloride as a co-catalyst.The good enantioselectivity in the cycloaddition reaction is attributed to a synergistic interplay between the chiral porphyrin catalysts and the substrate.The mechanism and enantioselectivity of the asymmetric cycloaddition reaction is discussed.
文摘[Cyclopentadien-Fe-naphthalene]BF4(CFN) and [cyclopentadien-Fe-anisole]BF4(CFA) as thermal cationic initiators for the curing of epoxide E44 and GGE were investigated. CFN brought out the curing of E44 at 89.1℃ and that of GGE at 148.7℃. However, CFA had much less thermal initiating activity under 300℃. Under UV radiation for short time, the thermal initiating activities of CFN and CFA were enhanced obviously. It was observed that the initiating onset temperature decreased and the evolved heat of the curing increased. Both CFN and CFA can carry out the polymerization of E44 and GGE near 85℃ and 112℃ by UV radiation.
基金This work is supported by the Ministry of Education under Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars.
文摘A novel rearrangement-addition reaction of trisubstituted gibberellin epoxides with trimethylaluminium is reported. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically to give tertiary methyl alcohols. The possible mechanism for the reaction is also discussed.
文摘Macroporous resin (D201)-supported quartemary ammonium bisulfate (D201-HSO4) was prepared and effectively used in catalyzing the hydrolysis of epoxides or aziridines under mild and non-metal conditions to give the corresponding 1,2-diols and β-amino alcohols in high yields. The catalyst was facilely prepared and recyclable.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2007CB815204), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.20070420726 and No.20070410793).
文摘The AIEt3-promoted tandem reductive rearrangement reactions of epoxides was studied at B3LYP/6- 31C(d,p) level. For the model compound α-hydroxy epoxides, two possible reaction pathways Ⅰ and Ⅱ were calculated. The main difference is the order of ethylene release and six- to five-member ring rearrangement. The ring contraction rearrangement in pathway Ⅰ is the first step and this step is the rate controlling step with a free energy barrier of 116.62 kJ/mol. For pathway Ⅱ, the ethylene release occurs first, and is followed by a six-member ring opening reaction which is the rate controlling step, and the barrier is 251.38 kJ/mol. The reason for such high barrier is that the ethylene release results in the following reaction being more difficult. The results show that pathway Ⅰ (C-C rearrangement and then ethylene release) is more favorable, which is consistent with experimental results.
文摘Lewis acidic guanidinium ionic liquid(LAGIL) 2c was used as a novel, efficient and recyclable catalyst for aminolysis of epoxides under solvent-free and room temperature conditions, giving the corresponding β-amino alcohols with moderate to excellent regioselectivity(up to 91:9) in high yields(up to 97%). In addition, LAGIL 2c was recycled three times without any loss of catalytic activity and selectivity to the product.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20472033)the Ph.D Programs of Ministry of Education of China for generous financial support for our programs.
文摘The asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides with dithiophosphorus acids catalyzed by a (salen)Ti(Ⅳ) complex formed in situ from the reaction of Ti(OPr-i)4 and the chiral Schiff base derived from (1R,2R)-(+)-diaminocyclohexane was realized. The resulting products were obtained with low to good enantioselectivity (up to 73% ee).
文摘The conformations and relative configurations of four epoxides of α-amido cyclohexenes have been determined by the combination of molecular modeling and NMR decoupling technique, cis-Epoxides were deduced from the vicinal coupling constants calculated from the torsional angles H(1)-C(1)-C(2)-H(2) in modeling models by means of Karplus equation and observed by decoupling technique. The crystal structure of cis-4-nitro-N-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl)benzamide further confirms this assignment.
文摘The chemical and microbiological hydrolyses of epoxide compounds of acetylene series have been comparatively carried out. It has been shown that as distinguished from chemical one in microbiological hydrolysis along with corresponding optically active glycols, ketoalcohols of acetylene series are also formed. It has been also defined that the synthesized glycols of acetylene series have bactericide properties related to sulfate-reducing bacteria at concentration of 100 - 200 mg/l. It has been established that an introduction of electron-acceptor chlorine atoms in molecules influence on decreasing of bactericide activity of acetylene glycols.