Objective: According to the high prevalence of COVID-19 and the subsequent risk of men's sexual health, we decided to investigate the efficacy of tadalafil on improvement of men with erectile dysfunction caused by...Objective: According to the high prevalence of COVID-19 and the subsequent risk of men's sexual health, we decided to investigate the efficacy of tadalafil on improvement of men with erectile dysfunction caused by COVID-19.Methods: In this study, 70 outpatients who were recovered from COVID-19 without acute respiratory distress syndrome with negative polymerase chain reaction test and a complaint of erectile dysfunction were divided into two groups: 35 patients who received tadalafil 5 mg daily and 35 who received placebo. For each patient, basic assessment of sexual function was performed using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Then, treatment was started from 2 months after complete recovery of COVID-19 with negative polymerase chain reaction test for 3 months. At the end of the treatments, the patients were re-evaluated for sexual function using the complete version of IIEF questionnaire. Finally, the results before and after treatment in the intervention group were compared with those of the control group.Results: Treatment with both tadalafil and placebo improved the patients' sexual function criteria compared to the baseline. However, this improvement was significantly higher in the intervention group with tadalafil than the control group with placebo (p<0.05).Conclusion: Daily administration of tadalafil 5 mg seems to be effective and safe for improvement of erectile dysfunction caused by COVID-19.展开更多
Important roles for reactive oxygen species （ROS） in physiology and pathophysiology have been increasingly recognized. Under normal conditions, ROS serve as signaling molecules in the regulation of cellular function...Important roles for reactive oxygen species （ROS） in physiology and pathophysiology have been increasingly recognized. Under normal conditions, ROS serve as signaling molecules in the regulation of cellular functions. However, enhanced ROS production as a result of the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） oxidase contributes significantly to the pathogeneses of vascular diseases. Although it has become evident that increased ROS is associated with erectile dysfunction （ED）, the sources of ROS in the penis remain largely unknown. In recent years, emergent evidence suggests the possible role of NADPH oxidase in inducing ED. In this review, we examine the relationship between ROS and ED in different disease models and discuss the current evidence basis for NADPH oxidase-derive＇d ROS in ED.展开更多
<abstract>Ageing in man is associated with a decline in testosterone following changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary testicular axis. This may offset the physiologic equilibrium between oestrogen and androgen and...<abstract>Ageing in man is associated with a decline in testosterone following changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary testicular axis. This may offset the physiologic equilibrium between oestrogen and androgen and at some point when the ratio of free testosterone to oestradiol reaches a critical level, the oestrogenic gonadotropin suppressive effect predominates with decreased release of FSH and LH. Adding to this endocrinal complexity is the continued peripheral conversion to oestradiol through aromatisation. Although the androgen deficiency is not the sole cause for impotence in the elderly, there is a gradual decrease in nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and spontaneous morning erections with ageing. Despite the age related increase in oestrogen levels, the information on the pathophysiological role of the 'female hormone' in erectile dysfunction has been scanty. Together with our identification of oestrogen receptors within the penile cavernosum, we have delineated dysfunctional changes on male erection mediated by oestradiol. These findings parallel the recent concerns over environmental oestrogens on fertility declines in young men. Oestrogenic activity is also present in plants and thereby in human diet. These phytoestrogens are structurally and functionally similar to oestradiol and more potent than the environmental oestrogenic chemicals such as organochlorine and phenolic compounds. Thus in the light of growing concerns of possible compromising effects on sexuality by endogenous and environmental oestrogens, we are faced with the scientific need to delineate their role on the mechanism of male erectile pathway in health and disease for clinical correlates and prognostics.展开更多
In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increa...In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increasingly greater attention. This is due to the realization that penile flaccidity is no less important than penile erection and is actively maintained by mechanisms that play critical roles in certain types of erectile dysfunction （ED）; for example, in diabetic patients. In addition, there is evidence that the Yin and Yang signaling pathways interact with each other during the transition from flaccidity to erection, and vice versa. As such, it is important that we view erectile function from not only the Yang but also the Yin side. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Yin and Yang of the penis. Emphasis is given to the Rho kinase signaling pathway that regulates the Yin, and to the cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway that regulates the Yang. Discussion is organized in such a way so as to follow the signaling cascade, that is, beginning with the extracellular signaling molecules （e.g., norepinephrin and nitric oxide） and their receptors, converging onto the intracellular effectors （e.g., Rho kinase and protein kinase G）, branching into secondary effectors, and finishing with contractile molecules and phosphodiesterases. Interactions between the Yin and Yang signaling pathways are discussed as well.展开更多
Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication after radical prostatectomy （RP）; however, debatecontinues regarding the efficacy of penile rehabilitation in the recovery of the postoperative erectile function ...Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication after radical prostatectomy （RP）; however, debatecontinues regarding the efficacy of penile rehabilitation in the recovery of the postoperative erectile function （EF）. This study includeda total of 103 consecutive sexually active Japanese men with localized prostate cancer undergoing nerve-sparing RP, and analyzed the postoperative EF, focusing on the significance of penile rehabilitation. In this series, 24 and 79 patients underwent bilateral and unilateral nerve-sparing RPs, respectively, and 10 or 20 mg of vardenafil was administered to 35 patients at least once weekly, who agreed to undergo penile rehabilitation. Twelve months after RP, 48 （46.6%） of the 103 patients were judged to have recovered EF sufficient for sexual intercourse without any assistance. The proportion of patients who recovered EF in those undergoing penile rehabilitation （60.0%） was significantly greater than that in those without penile rehabilitation （38.2%）. Of several parameters examined, the preoperative International Index of Erectile Function-5 （IIEF-5） score and nerve-sparing procedure were significantly associated with the postoperative EF recovery rates in patients with and without management by penile rehabilitation, respectively. Furthermore, univariate analysis identified the preoperative IIEF-5 score, nerve-sparing procedure and penile rehabilitation as significant predictors of EF recovery, among which the preoperative IIEF-5 score and nerve-sparing procedure appeared to be independently associated with EF recovery. Considering these findings, despite the lack of independent significance, penile rehabilitation with low-dose vardenafil could exert a beneficial effect on EF recovery in Japanese men following nerve-sparing RP.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction(ED) and its association with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.METHODS: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2...AIM: To investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction(ED) and its association with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.METHODS: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2013 through January 2014. All outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis in our liver clinic between 18 and 80 years of age were considered eligible for this study. The exclusion criteria included well-established causes of ED, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis, ischemic heart disease, renal disease, neurologic disease, and malignancy. We also excluded the patients who had incompletely answered the questionnaires. ED was assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF-5) scale. The Korean version of the self-administered Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) scale was used to assess depression in the patients. Demographic and medical data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Current or past history of psychiatric diagnosis and drug history including the use of an antiviral agent and an antidepressant were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 727 patients met the initial eligibility criteria. Six hundred seventeen patients were excluded because their medical records contained one or more of the previously determined exclusion criteria. The remaining 110 patients were assessed based on the BDI and IIEF-5 questionnaires. Based on the IIEF-5 scale, the prevalence of ED among patients with chronic viral hepatitis was 40%. Compared with the non-ED group, patients in the ED group were older. The proportion of patients in the ED group who had a job or who were na?ve peg-interferon users was lower than that in patients in the non-ED group. Patients with ED had significantly lower scores on the IIEF-5 scale than patients without ED(11.75 ± 4.88 vs 21.33 ± 1.86, P = 0.000). Patients with ED rated significantly higher scores on the BDI scale compared with patients without ED(12.59 ± 7.08 vs 5.30 ± 4.00, P = 0.000). Also, the IIEF-5 scores were negatively correlated with age, employment, and BDI scores. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, age and depression were independently associated with erectile dysfunction(P =0.019 and 0.000,respectively).CONCLUSION:Patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high prevalence of ED.Age and depression are independent factors for ED in male patients with chronic viral hepatitis.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effect of estrogen and androgen levels on erythrocyte deformability in endocrinological erectile dysfunction patients. Methods: The estrogen level, androgen level, IR of 30 psychogenic and 1...Objective: To evaluate the effect of estrogen and androgen levels on erythrocyte deformability in endocrinological erectile dysfunction patients. Methods: The estrogen level, androgen level, IR of 30 psychogenic and 15 endocriological ED were studied and the correlation between the estrogen and androgen levels and RI were analyzed. Results: There is a negative correlation betweenthe androgen and estrogen levels and IR; The IR (5.9033 ± 1.9369), η_(10)(11.2810 ± 1.3120) values in the endcocrinological group were markedly higher than those (4.0589 ± 1.55339, 9.8321 ± 1.6415) in the psychogenic group. Conclusion: The lower level of the estrogen and androgen in endocrinological ED patients may result in the decrease of erythrocyte deformability causing the increase in blood viscosity. To enhance in time the levels of estrogen and androgen might improve penile erectile function of endocrinological ED patients in hemodynamics展开更多
Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of aging on erection by using rat model. Materials & Methods Forty male SD rats of 3, 9, 18 and 24 months old were divided into 4 groups equally according to thei...Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of aging on erection by using rat model. Materials & Methods Forty male SD rats of 3, 9, 18 and 24 months old were divided into 4 groups equally according to their age. Apomorphine given subcutaneously and cavernous nerve electric field stimulation was used to induce erection of rats. Results The successful erection rate, number of erection times, and intracavernous pressure (ICP) in the rats of 18 and 24 month old was significantly lower than that of 3 and 9 month old. Conclusion The erectile function in aging rats is deteriorated. The damage mechanism with aging might be related to dopaminergic system in central nerves.展开更多
In order to explore the impact of circadian disturbance on erectile function,we randomly divided 24 adult male rats into groups of control(light on at 8:00 a.m.and off at 8:00 p.m.),dark/dark(DD;constant dark),light/l...In order to explore the impact of circadian disturbance on erectile function,we randomly divided 24 adult male rats into groups of control(light on at 8:00 a.m.and off at 8:00 p.m.),dark/dark(DD;constant dark),light/light(LL;constant light),and shift dark/light(DL;light off at 8:00 a.m.and on at 8:0o p.m.).Four weeks later,erectile function was measured and corpora cavernosa were harvested for analysis.The maximum intracavernous pressure(mlcP)and mCP/mean arterial pressure(MAP)ratio in the DD,LL,and DL groups were significantly lower than that in the control group.The LL and DL groups showed significantly attenuated endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),while DD,LL,and DL showed reduced neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)at both mRNA and protein levels.The production of nitric oxide(NO)and cyclic guanosinemonophosphate(cGMP)was inhibited by altered light/dark cycles to varying degrees.Circadian disturbance impaired endothelial function and contributed to erectile dysfunction.For the core circadian elements,mRNA expression of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput(Clock)and brain/muscle aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1(Bmal1)was elevated in the DL group,but their protein expression was not significantly changed.DD,LL,and DL increased period 1(Per1)and Per3 levels,while LL and DL increased PER1 levels.No significant difference was found for Per2levels,and PER2 and PER3 concentrations were not significantly changed.Moreover,LL and DL significantly increased cryptochrome-1(CRY1)and CRY2 at both mRNA and protein levels.The altered light/dark rat model showed that circadian disturbance contributed to erectile dysfunction probably by impairing endothelial function.Meanwhile,the core circadian elements were detected in the corpora cavernosa,but these were disrupted.However,which circadian element regulates erectile function and how it works need further analysis.展开更多
Genetic risk factors have been shown to contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction.However,the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)gene variants in the risk of erectile dysfunction(ED)remains un...Genetic risk factors have been shown to contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction.However,the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)gene variants in the risk of erectile dysfunction(ED)remains unclear.In this study,we recruited 1254 participants who underwent ED assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5.The MTHFR c.677C>T variant was also measured by fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(PCR).No significant difference in the genotypic frequency of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism(CC,CT,and TT)was observed between men from the ED and non-ED groups.In addition,on binary logistic regression analysis,both crude and adjusted models showed that the risk of ED was not significantly associated with the C677T polymorphism.Interestingly,a significantly higher frequency of the 677TT polymorphism was found in severe and moderate ED(P=O.02).The positive correlation between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and severe ED was confirmed by logistic regression analysis,even after adjusting for potential confounders(odds ratio[OR]=2.46,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.15-5.50,P=0.02).These findings suggest a positive correlation between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and the risk of severe ED.Identification of MTHFR gene polymorphisms may provide complementary information for ED patients during routineclinicaldiagnosis.展开更多
文摘Objective: According to the high prevalence of COVID-19 and the subsequent risk of men's sexual health, we decided to investigate the efficacy of tadalafil on improvement of men with erectile dysfunction caused by COVID-19.Methods: In this study, 70 outpatients who were recovered from COVID-19 without acute respiratory distress syndrome with negative polymerase chain reaction test and a complaint of erectile dysfunction were divided into two groups: 35 patients who received tadalafil 5 mg daily and 35 who received placebo. For each patient, basic assessment of sexual function was performed using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Then, treatment was started from 2 months after complete recovery of COVID-19 with negative polymerase chain reaction test for 3 months. At the end of the treatments, the patients were re-evaluated for sexual function using the complete version of IIEF questionnaire. Finally, the results before and after treatment in the intervention group were compared with those of the control group.Results: Treatment with both tadalafil and placebo improved the patients' sexual function criteria compared to the baseline. However, this improvement was significantly higher in the intervention group with tadalafil than the control group with placebo (p<0.05).Conclusion: Daily administration of tadalafil 5 mg seems to be effective and safe for improvement of erectile dysfunction caused by COVID-19.
文摘Important roles for reactive oxygen species （ROS） in physiology and pathophysiology have been increasingly recognized. Under normal conditions, ROS serve as signaling molecules in the regulation of cellular functions. However, enhanced ROS production as a result of the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） oxidase contributes significantly to the pathogeneses of vascular diseases. Although it has become evident that increased ROS is associated with erectile dysfunction （ED）, the sources of ROS in the penis remain largely unknown. In recent years, emergent evidence suggests the possible role of NADPH oxidase in inducing ED. In this review, we examine the relationship between ROS and ED in different disease models and discuss the current evidence basis for NADPH oxidase-derive＇d ROS in ED.
文摘<abstract>Ageing in man is associated with a decline in testosterone following changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary testicular axis. This may offset the physiologic equilibrium between oestrogen and androgen and at some point when the ratio of free testosterone to oestradiol reaches a critical level, the oestrogenic gonadotropin suppressive effect predominates with decreased release of FSH and LH. Adding to this endocrinal complexity is the continued peripheral conversion to oestradiol through aromatisation. Although the androgen deficiency is not the sole cause for impotence in the elderly, there is a gradual decrease in nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and spontaneous morning erections with ageing. Despite the age related increase in oestrogen levels, the information on the pathophysiological role of the 'female hormone' in erectile dysfunction has been scanty. Together with our identification of oestrogen receptors within the penile cavernosum, we have delineated dysfunctional changes on male erection mediated by oestradiol. These findings parallel the recent concerns over environmental oestrogens on fertility declines in young men. Oestrogenic activity is also present in plants and thereby in human diet. These phytoestrogens are structurally and functionally similar to oestradiol and more potent than the environmental oestrogenic chemicals such as organochlorine and phenolic compounds. Thus in the light of growing concerns of possible compromising effects on sexuality by endogenous and environmental oestrogens, we are faced with the scientific need to delineate their role on the mechanism of male erectile pathway in health and disease for clinical correlates and prognostics.
文摘In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increasingly greater attention. This is due to the realization that penile flaccidity is no less important than penile erection and is actively maintained by mechanisms that play critical roles in certain types of erectile dysfunction （ED）; for example, in diabetic patients. In addition, there is evidence that the Yin and Yang signaling pathways interact with each other during the transition from flaccidity to erection, and vice versa. As such, it is important that we view erectile function from not only the Yang but also the Yin side. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Yin and Yang of the penis. Emphasis is given to the Rho kinase signaling pathway that regulates the Yin, and to the cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway that regulates the Yang. Discussion is organized in such a way so as to follow the signaling cascade, that is, beginning with the extracellular signaling molecules （e.g., norepinephrin and nitric oxide） and their receptors, converging onto the intracellular effectors （e.g., Rho kinase and protein kinase G）, branching into secondary effectors, and finishing with contractile molecules and phosphodiesterases. Interactions between the Yin and Yang signaling pathways are discussed as well.
文摘Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication after radical prostatectomy （RP）; however, debatecontinues regarding the efficacy of penile rehabilitation in the recovery of the postoperative erectile function （EF）. This study includeda total of 103 consecutive sexually active Japanese men with localized prostate cancer undergoing nerve-sparing RP, and analyzed the postoperative EF, focusing on the significance of penile rehabilitation. In this series, 24 and 79 patients underwent bilateral and unilateral nerve-sparing RPs, respectively, and 10 or 20 mg of vardenafil was administered to 35 patients at least once weekly, who agreed to undergo penile rehabilitation. Twelve months after RP, 48 （46.6%） of the 103 patients were judged to have recovered EF sufficient for sexual intercourse without any assistance. The proportion of patients who recovered EF in those undergoing penile rehabilitation （60.0%） was significantly greater than that in those without penile rehabilitation （38.2%）. Of several parameters examined, the preoperative International Index of Erectile Function-5 （IIEF-5） score and nerve-sparing procedure were significantly associated with the postoperative EF recovery rates in patients with and without management by penile rehabilitation, respectively. Furthermore, univariate analysis identified the preoperative IIEF-5 score, nerve-sparing procedure and penile rehabilitation as significant predictors of EF recovery, among which the preoperative IIEF-5 score and nerve-sparing procedure appeared to be independently associated with EF recovery. Considering these findings, despite the lack of independent significance, penile rehabilitation with low-dose vardenafil could exert a beneficial effect on EF recovery in Japanese men following nerve-sparing RP.
文摘AIM: To investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction(ED) and its association with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.METHODS: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2013 through January 2014. All outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis in our liver clinic between 18 and 80 years of age were considered eligible for this study. The exclusion criteria included well-established causes of ED, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis, ischemic heart disease, renal disease, neurologic disease, and malignancy. We also excluded the patients who had incompletely answered the questionnaires. ED was assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF-5) scale. The Korean version of the self-administered Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) scale was used to assess depression in the patients. Demographic and medical data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Current or past history of psychiatric diagnosis and drug history including the use of an antiviral agent and an antidepressant were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 727 patients met the initial eligibility criteria. Six hundred seventeen patients were excluded because their medical records contained one or more of the previously determined exclusion criteria. The remaining 110 patients were assessed based on the BDI and IIEF-5 questionnaires. Based on the IIEF-5 scale, the prevalence of ED among patients with chronic viral hepatitis was 40%. Compared with the non-ED group, patients in the ED group were older. The proportion of patients in the ED group who had a job or who were na?ve peg-interferon users was lower than that in patients in the non-ED group. Patients with ED had significantly lower scores on the IIEF-5 scale than patients without ED(11.75 ± 4.88 vs 21.33 ± 1.86, P = 0.000). Patients with ED rated significantly higher scores on the BDI scale compared with patients without ED(12.59 ± 7.08 vs 5.30 ± 4.00, P = 0.000). Also, the IIEF-5 scores were negatively correlated with age, employment, and BDI scores. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, age and depression were independently associated with erectile dysfunction(P =0.019 and 0.000,respectively).CONCLUSION:Patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high prevalence of ED.Age and depression are independent factors for ED in male patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effect of estrogen and androgen levels on erythrocyte deformability in endocrinological erectile dysfunction patients. Methods: The estrogen level, androgen level, IR of 30 psychogenic and 15 endocriological ED were studied and the correlation between the estrogen and androgen levels and RI were analyzed. Results: There is a negative correlation betweenthe androgen and estrogen levels and IR; The IR (5.9033 ± 1.9369), η_(10)(11.2810 ± 1.3120) values in the endcocrinological group were markedly higher than those (4.0589 ± 1.55339, 9.8321 ± 1.6415) in the psychogenic group. Conclusion: The lower level of the estrogen and androgen in endocrinological ED patients may result in the decrease of erythrocyte deformability causing the increase in blood viscosity. To enhance in time the levels of estrogen and androgen might improve penile erectile function of endocrinological ED patients in hemodynamics
基金This study was supported by Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology( No.0 0 41 1 90 68)
文摘Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of aging on erection by using rat model. Materials & Methods Forty male SD rats of 3, 9, 18 and 24 months old were divided into 4 groups equally according to their age. Apomorphine given subcutaneously and cavernous nerve electric field stimulation was used to induce erection of rats. Results The successful erection rate, number of erection times, and intracavernous pressure (ICP) in the rats of 18 and 24 month old was significantly lower than that of 3 and 9 month old. Conclusion The erectile function in aging rats is deteriorated. The damage mechanism with aging might be related to dopaminergic system in central nerves.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.82360295 and No.82060276)the Science and Technology Foundation Project of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission(gzwkj2024-150)+1 种基金the Doctor Start-up Fund of Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University(gyfybsky-2023-03)the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(QianKeHeJiChu-ZK[2021]YiBan382).
文摘In order to explore the impact of circadian disturbance on erectile function,we randomly divided 24 adult male rats into groups of control(light on at 8:00 a.m.and off at 8:00 p.m.),dark/dark(DD;constant dark),light/light(LL;constant light),and shift dark/light(DL;light off at 8:00 a.m.and on at 8:0o p.m.).Four weeks later,erectile function was measured and corpora cavernosa were harvested for analysis.The maximum intracavernous pressure(mlcP)and mCP/mean arterial pressure(MAP)ratio in the DD,LL,and DL groups were significantly lower than that in the control group.The LL and DL groups showed significantly attenuated endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),while DD,LL,and DL showed reduced neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)at both mRNA and protein levels.The production of nitric oxide(NO)and cyclic guanosinemonophosphate(cGMP)was inhibited by altered light/dark cycles to varying degrees.Circadian disturbance impaired endothelial function and contributed to erectile dysfunction.For the core circadian elements,mRNA expression of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput(Clock)and brain/muscle aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1(Bmal1)was elevated in the DL group,but their protein expression was not significantly changed.DD,LL,and DL increased period 1(Per1)and Per3 levels,while LL and DL increased PER1 levels.No significant difference was found for Per2levels,and PER2 and PER3 concentrations were not significantly changed.Moreover,LL and DL significantly increased cryptochrome-1(CRY1)and CRY2 at both mRNA and protein levels.The altered light/dark rat model showed that circadian disturbance contributed to erectile dysfunction probably by impairing endothelial function.Meanwhile,the core circadian elements were detected in the corpora cavernosa,but these were disrupted.However,which circadian element regulates erectile function and how it works need further analysis.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81901543,No.82071709,No.81901545,No.81971333,and No.82171599)the Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province(2022e07020014)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics of NHC(KF202003)the Joint Fund for Medical Artificial Intelligence(MAI2022Q010)the Joint Research Center for Genomic Resources(2017B01012-2021K001).
文摘Genetic risk factors have been shown to contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction.However,the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)gene variants in the risk of erectile dysfunction(ED)remains unclear.In this study,we recruited 1254 participants who underwent ED assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5.The MTHFR c.677C>T variant was also measured by fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(PCR).No significant difference in the genotypic frequency of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism(CC,CT,and TT)was observed between men from the ED and non-ED groups.In addition,on binary logistic regression analysis,both crude and adjusted models showed that the risk of ED was not significantly associated with the C677T polymorphism.Interestingly,a significantly higher frequency of the 677TT polymorphism was found in severe and moderate ED(P=O.02).The positive correlation between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and severe ED was confirmed by logistic regression analysis,even after adjusting for potential confounders(odds ratio[OR]=2.46,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.15-5.50,P=0.02).These findings suggest a positive correlation between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and the risk of severe ED.Identification of MTHFR gene polymorphisms may provide complementary information for ED patients during routineclinicaldiagnosis.
