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Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refractive errors among school children in Kakamega,Kenya 被引量:1
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作者 Isabel Signes-Soler Alfred Ragot +2 位作者 Sheilah Nangena Andrew Wekesa Raúl Montalbán Llamusí 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2024年第5期932-939,共8页
AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community service.METHODS:The study was... AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community service.METHODS:The study was cross-sectional.Totally 3343 participants were included in the study.The initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D lens.The inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVA<0.6 decimal(0.20 logMAR)and/or a VA with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal(0.96 logMAR).RESULTS:The sample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(range 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to 14y.Among the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the Luhya group(60.6%)followed by Luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye examination.The estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total sample.While around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 D.Refractive astigmatism(cil<-0.75 D)was found in 0.21%(7/3343)of the children.The VI prevalence was 1.26%of the total sample.Among our cases of VI,76.2%could be attributed to uncorrected refractive error.Amblyopia was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened children.There was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive values.CONCLUSION:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error observed.These findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI. 展开更多
关键词 visual impairment refractive errors MYOPIA AMBLYOPIA sustainable development goals
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Efficient unequal error protection for online fountain codes 被引量:1
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作者 SHI Pengcheng WANG Zhenyong +1 位作者 LI Dezhi LYU Haibo 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期286-293,共8页
In this paper,an efficient unequal error protection(UEP)scheme for online fountain codes is proposed.In the buildup phase,the traversing-selection strategy is proposed to select the most important symbols(MIS).Then,in... In this paper,an efficient unequal error protection(UEP)scheme for online fountain codes is proposed.In the buildup phase,the traversing-selection strategy is proposed to select the most important symbols(MIS).Then,in the completion phase,the weighted-selection strategy is applied to provide low overhead.The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed and compared with the existing UEP online fountain scheme.Simulation results show that in terms of MIS and the least important symbols(LIS),when the bit error ratio is 10-4,the proposed scheme can achieve 85%and 31.58%overhead reduction,respectively. 展开更多
关键词 online fountain code random graph unequal error protection(UEP) rateless code
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Uncertainties of landslide susceptibility prediction: Influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors and errors reduction by low pass filter method 被引量:1
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作者 Faming Huang Zuokui Teng +4 位作者 Chi Yao Shui-Hua Jiang Filippo Catani Wei Chen Jinsong Huang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期213-230,共18页
In the existing landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)models,the influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors on LSP are not considered,instead the original conditioning factors are directly taken a... In the existing landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)models,the influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors on LSP are not considered,instead the original conditioning factors are directly taken as the model inputs,which brings uncertainties to LSP results.This study aims to reveal the influence rules of the different proportional random errors in conditioning factors on the LSP un-certainties,and further explore a method which can effectively reduce the random errors in conditioning factors.The original conditioning factors are firstly used to construct original factors-based LSP models,and then different random errors of 5%,10%,15% and 20%are added to these original factors for con-structing relevant errors-based LSP models.Secondly,low-pass filter-based LSP models are constructed by eliminating the random errors using low-pass filter method.Thirdly,the Ruijin County of China with 370 landslides and 16 conditioning factors are used as study case.Three typical machine learning models,i.e.multilayer perceptron(MLP),support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF),are selected as LSP models.Finally,the LSP uncertainties are discussed and results show that:(1)The low-pass filter can effectively reduce the random errors in conditioning factors to decrease the LSP uncertainties.(2)With the proportions of random errors increasing from 5%to 20%,the LSP uncertainty increases continuously.(3)The original factors-based models are feasible for LSP in the absence of more accurate conditioning factors.(4)The influence degrees of two uncertainty issues,machine learning models and different proportions of random errors,on the LSP modeling are large and basically the same.(5)The Shapley values effectively explain the internal mechanism of machine learning model predicting landslide sus-ceptibility.In conclusion,greater proportion of random errors in conditioning factors results in higher LSP uncertainty,and low-pass filter can effectively reduce these random errors. 展开更多
关键词 Landslide susceptibility prediction Conditioning factor errors Low-pass filter method Machine learning models Interpretability analysis
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Bayesian Filtering for High-Dimensional State-Space Models With State Partition and Error Compensation
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作者 Ke Li Shunyi Zhao +1 位作者 Biao Huang Fei Liu 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第5期1239-1249,共11页
In the era of exponential growth of data availability,the architecture of systems has a trend toward high dimensionality,and directly exploiting holistic information for state inference is not always computationally a... In the era of exponential growth of data availability,the architecture of systems has a trend toward high dimensionality,and directly exploiting holistic information for state inference is not always computationally affordable.This paper proposes a novel Bayesian filtering algorithm that considers algorithmic computational cost and estimation accuracy for high-dimensional linear systems.The high-dimensional state vector is divided into several blocks to save computation resources by avoiding the calculation of error covariance with immense dimensions.After that,two sequential states are estimated simultaneously by introducing an auxiliary variable in the new probability space,mitigating the performance degradation caused by state segmentation.Moreover,the computational cost and error covariance of the proposed algorithm are analyzed analytically to show its distinct features compared with several existing methods.Simulation results illustrate that the proposed Bayesian filtering can maintain a higher estimation accuracy with reasonable computational cost when applied to high-dimensional linear systems. 展开更多
关键词 FILTERING ESTIMATION error
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Uncertainties in landslide susceptibility prediction:Influence rule of different levels of errors in landslide spatial position 被引量:1
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作者 Faming Huang Ronghui Li +3 位作者 Filippo Catani Xiaoting Zhou Ziqiang Zeng Jinsong Huang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第10期4177-4191,共15页
The accuracy of landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)mainly depends on the precision of the landslide spatial position.However,the spatial position error of landslide survey is inevitable,resulting in considerable ... The accuracy of landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)mainly depends on the precision of the landslide spatial position.However,the spatial position error of landslide survey is inevitable,resulting in considerable uncertainties in LSP modeling.To overcome this drawback,this study explores the influence of positional errors of landslide spatial position on LSP uncertainties,and then innovatively proposes a semi-supervised machine learning model to reduce the landslide spatial position error.This paper collected 16 environmental factors and 337 landslides with accurate spatial positions taking Shangyou County of China as an example.The 30e110 m error-based multilayer perceptron(MLP)and random forest(RF)models for LSP are established by randomly offsetting the original landslide by 30,50,70,90 and 110 m.The LSP uncertainties are analyzed by the LSP accuracy and distribution characteristics.Finally,a semi-supervised model is proposed to relieve the LSP uncertainties.Results show that:(1)The LSP accuracies of error-based RF/MLP models decrease with the increase of landslide position errors,and are lower than those of original data-based models;(2)70 m error-based models can still reflect the overall distribution characteristics of landslide susceptibility indices,thus original landslides with certain position errors are acceptable for LSP;(3)Semi-supervised machine learning model can efficiently reduce the landslide position errors and thus improve the LSP accuracies. 展开更多
关键词 Landslide susceptibility prediction Random landslide position errors Uncertainty analysis Multi-layer perceptron Random forest Semi-supervised machine learning
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Anomaly-Resistant Decentralized State Estimation Under Minimum Error Entropy With Fiducial Points for Wide-Area Power Systems
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作者 Bogang Qu Zidong Wang +2 位作者 Bo Shen Hongli Dong Hongjian Liu 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第1期74-87,共14页
This paper investigates the anomaly-resistant decentralized state estimation(SE) problem for a class of wide-area power systems which are divided into several non-overlapping areas connected through transmission lines... This paper investigates the anomaly-resistant decentralized state estimation(SE) problem for a class of wide-area power systems which are divided into several non-overlapping areas connected through transmission lines. Two classes of measurements(i.e., local measurements and edge measurements) are obtained, respectively, from the individual area and the transmission lines. A decentralized state estimator, whose performance is resistant against measurement with anomalies, is designed based on the minimum error entropy with fiducial points(MEEF) criterion. Specifically, 1) An augmented model, which incorporates the local prediction and local measurement, is developed by resorting to the unscented transformation approach and the statistical linearization approach;2) Using the augmented model, an MEEF-based cost function is designed that reflects the local prediction errors of the state and the measurement;and 3) The local estimate is first obtained by minimizing the MEEF-based cost function through a fixed-point iteration and then updated by using the edge measuring information. Finally, simulation experiments with three scenarios are carried out on the IEEE 14-bus system to illustrate the validity of the proposed anomaly-resistant decentralized SE scheme. 展开更多
关键词 Decentralized state estimation(SE) measurements with anomalies minimum error entropy unscented Kalman filter wide-area power systems
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Geometric Error Identification of Gantry-Type CNC Machine Tool Based on Multi-Station Synchronization Laser Tracers
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作者 Jun Zha Huijie Zhang 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期150-162,共13页
Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracer... Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracers to enable the rapid and high-precision measurement of geometric errors for gantry-type computer numerical control(CNC)machine tools.This method also improves on the existing measurement efficiency issues in the single-base station measurement method and multi-base station time-sharing measurement method.We consider a three-axis gantry-type CNC machine tool,and the geometric error mathematical model is derived and established based on the combination of screw theory and a topological analysis of the machine kinematic chain.The four-station laser tracers position and measurement points are realized based on the multi-point positioning principle.A self-calibration algorithm is proposed for the coordinate calibration process of a laser tracer using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares method,and the geometric error is solved using Taylor’s first-order linearization iteration.The experimental results show that the geometric error calculated based on this modeling method is comparable to the results from the Etalon laser tracer.For a volume of 800 mm×1000 mm×350 mm,the maximum differences of the linear,angular,and spatial position errors were 2.0μm,2.7μrad,and 12.0μm,respectively,which verifies the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.This research proposes a modeling method for the precise measurement of errors in machine tools,and the applied nature of this study also makes it relevant both to researchers and those in the industrial sector. 展开更多
关键词 Multi-point positioning Multi-station synchronization CNC machine tool Geometric error error separation
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A Priori Error Analysis for NCVEM Discretization of Elliptic Optimal Control Problem
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作者 Shiying Wang Shuo Liu 《Engineering(科研)》 2024年第4期83-101,共19页
In this paper, we propose the nonconforming virtual element method (NCVEM) discretization for the pointwise control constraint optimal control problem governed by elliptic equations. Based on the NCVEM approximation o... In this paper, we propose the nonconforming virtual element method (NCVEM) discretization for the pointwise control constraint optimal control problem governed by elliptic equations. Based on the NCVEM approximation of state equation and the variational discretization of control variables, we construct a virtual element discrete scheme. For the state, adjoint state and control variable, we obtain the corresponding prior estimate in H<sup>1</sup> and L<sup>2</sup> norms. Finally, some numerical experiments are carried out to support the theoretical results. 展开更多
关键词 Nonconforming Virtual Element Method Optimal Control Problem a Priori error Estimate
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Improving the utility of locally differentially private protocols for longitudinal and multidimensional frequency estimates
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作者 Héber H.Arcolezi Jean-François Couchot +1 位作者 Bechara Al Bouna Xiaokui Xiao 《Digital Communications and Networks》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期369-379,共11页
This paper investigates the problem of collecting multidimensional data throughout time(i.e.,longitudinal studies)for the fundamental task of frequency estimation under Local Differential Privacy(LDP)guarantees.Contra... This paper investigates the problem of collecting multidimensional data throughout time(i.e.,longitudinal studies)for the fundamental task of frequency estimation under Local Differential Privacy(LDP)guarantees.Contrary to frequency estimation of a single attribute,the multidimensional aspect demands particular attention to the privacy budget.Besides,when collecting user statistics longitudinally,privacy progressively degrades.Indeed,the“multiple”settings in combination(i.e.,many attributes and several collections throughout time)impose several challenges,for which this paper proposes the first solution for frequency estimates under LDP.To tackle these issues,we extend the analysis of three state-of-the-art LDP protocols(Generalized Randomized Response–GRR,Optimized Unary Encoding–OUE,and Symmetric Unary Encoding–SUE)for both longitudinal and multidimensional data collections.While the known literature uses OUE and SUE for two rounds of sanitization(a.k.a.memoization),i.e.,L-OUE and L-SUE,respectively,we analytically and experimentally show that starting with OUE and then with SUE provides higher data utility(i.e.,L-OSUE).Also,for attributes with small domain sizes,we propose Longitudinal GRR(L-GRR),which provides higher utility than the other protocols based on unary encoding.Last,we also propose a new solution named Adaptive LDP for LOngitudinal and Multidimensional FREquency Estimates(ALLOMFREE),which randomly samples a single attribute to be sent with the whole privacy budget and adaptively selects the optimal protocol,i.e.,either L-GRR or L-OSUE.As shown in the results,ALLOMFREE consistently and considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art L-SUE and L-OUE protocols in the quality of the frequency estimates. 展开更多
关键词 Local differential privacy Discrete distribution estimation Frequency estimation Multidimensional data Longitudinal studies
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A Combined Antenna Array Deployment with High Positioning Accuracy and Low Angular Measurement Error
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作者 Wangjie Chen Weiqiang Zhu +3 位作者 Zhenhong Fan Li Wu Yi He Yixiao Wang 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2024年第2期141-154,共14页
In this paper,an antenna array composed of circular array and orthogonal linear array is proposed by using the design of long and short baseline“orthogonal linear array”and the circular array ambiguity resolution de... In this paper,an antenna array composed of circular array and orthogonal linear array is proposed by using the design of long and short baseline“orthogonal linear array”and the circular array ambiguity resolution design of multi-group baseline clustering.The effectiveness of the antenna array in this paper is verified by sufficient simulation and experiment.After the system deviation correction work,it is found that in the L/S/C/X frequency bands,the ambiguity resolution probability is high,and the phase difference system error between each channel is basically the same.The angle measurement error is less than 0.5°,and the positioning error is less than 2.5 km.Notably,as the center frequency increases,calibration consistency improves,and the calibration frequency points become applicable over a wider frequency range.At a center frequency of 11.5 GHz,the calibration frequency point bandwidth extends to 1200 MHz.This combined antenna array deployment holds significant promise for a wide range of applications in contemporary wireless communication systems. 展开更多
关键词 antenna array deployment ambiguity resolution phase consistency angle measurement error positioning error
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Genetic and Agronomic Parameter Estimates of Growth, Yield and Related Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization
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作者 Prince Emmanuel Norman Lansana Kamara +6 位作者 Aloysius Beah Kelvin Sahr Gborie Francess Sia Saquee Sheku Alfred Kanu Fayia Augustine Kassoh Yvonne Sylvia Gloria Ethel Norman Abdul Salaam Kargbo 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 CAS 2024年第4期274-291,共18页
This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in... This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in a split block design with three maize varieties (IWCD2, 2009EVDT, and DMR-ESR-Yellow) and seven nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) rates. Findings showed that cob diameter and anthesis silking time (ASI) had intermediate heritability, ASI had high genetic advance, ASI and grain yield had high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), while traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were plant height, ASI, grain yield, number of kernel per cob, number of kernel rows, ear length, and ear height. The PCV values were higher than GCV, indicating the influence of the environment in the studied traits. Nitrogen rates and variety significantly (p < 0.05) influenced grain yield production. Mean grain yields and economic parameter estimates increased with increasing nitrogen rates, with the 30 and 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> plots exhibiting the lowest and highest grain yields of 1238 kg∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and 2098 kg∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively. Variety and nitrogen effects on partial factor productivity (PFP<sub>N</sub>), agronomic efficiency (AEN), net returns (NR), value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal return (MR) indicated that these parameters were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by these factors. The highest PFP<sub>N</sub> (41.3 kg grain kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>∙N) and AEN (29.4 kg grain kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>∙N) were obtained in the 30 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> plots, while the highest VCR (2.8) and MR (SLL 1.8 SLL<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> spent on N) were obtained in the 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>. The significant influence of variety and nitrogen on traits suggests that increasing yields and maximizing profits require use of appropriate nitrogen fertilization and improved farming practices that could be exploited for increased productivity of maize. 展开更多
关键词 Nitrogen Rates Genetic and Agronomic estimates Introduced Genotypes Grain Yield Zea mays
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A Formulation of the Porous Medium Equation with Time-Dependent Porosity: A Priori Estimates and Regularity Results
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作者 Koffi B. Fadimba 《Applied Mathematics》 2024年第10期745-763,共19页
We consider a generalized form of the porous medium equation where the porosity ϕis a function of time t: ϕ=ϕ(x,t): ∂(ϕS)∂t−∇⋅(k(S)∇S)=Q(S).In many works, the porosity ϕis either assumed to be independent of (or to de... We consider a generalized form of the porous medium equation where the porosity ϕis a function of time t: ϕ=ϕ(x,t): ∂(ϕS)∂t−∇⋅(k(S)∇S)=Q(S).In many works, the porosity ϕis either assumed to be independent of (or to depend very little of) the time variable t. In this work, we want to study the case where it does depend on t(and xas well). For this purpose, we make a change of unknown function V=ϕSin order to obtain a saturation-like (advection-diffusion) equation. A priori estimates and regularity results are established for the new equation based in part on what is known from the saturation equation, when ϕis independent of the time t. These results are then extended to the full saturation equation with time-dependent porosity ϕ=ϕ(x,t). In this analysis, we make explicitly the dependence of the various constants in the estimates on the porosity ϕby the introduced transport vector w, through the change of unknown function. Also we do not assume zero-flux boundary, but we carry the analysis for the case Q≡0. 展开更多
关键词 Porous Medium Equation POROSITY Saturation Equation A Priori estimates Regularity Results
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Prevalence of refractive errors in school-aged and preadolescent children in Colombia
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作者 Diana Garcia-Lozada Diana Valeria Rey-Rodríguez +1 位作者 Sara Viviana Angulo-Sánchez Jenny Maritza Sánchez-Espinosa 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2024年第12期2288-2294,共7页
AIM:To describe the distribution of refractive errors by age and sex among schoolchildren in Soacha,Colombia.METHODS:This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in five urban public schools in the munici... AIM:To describe the distribution of refractive errors by age and sex among schoolchildren in Soacha,Colombia.METHODS:This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in five urban public schools in the municipality of Soacha.A total of 1161 school-aged and pre-adolescent children,aged 5-12y were examined during the school year 2021-2022.Examinations included visual acuity and static refraction.Spherical equivalent(SE)was analysed as follows:myopia SE≤-0.50 D and uncorrected visual acuity of 20/25 or worse;high myopia SE≤-6.00 D;hyperopia SE≥+1.00 D(≥7y)or SE≥+2.00 D(5-6y);significant hyperopia SE≥+3.00 D.Astigmatism was defined as a cylinder in at least one eye≥1.00 D(≥7y)or≥1.75 D(5-6y).If at least one eye was ametropic,children were classified according to the refractive error found.RESULTS:Of the 1139 schoolchildren included,50.6%were male,58.8%were aged between 5 and 9y,and 12.1%were already using optical correction.The most common refractive error was astigmatism(31.1%),followed by myopia(20.8%)and hyperopia(13.1%).There was no significant relationship between refractive error and sex.There was a significant increase in astigmatism(P<0.001)and myopia(P<0.0001)with age.CONCLUSION:Astigmatism is the most common refractive error in children in an urban area of Colombia.Emmetropia decreased and myopia increased with age. 展开更多
关键词 Colombia PREVALENCE refractive errors MYOPIA HYPEROPIA ASTIGMATISM CHILDREN
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Prevalence of Refractive Errors among School Children Aged 5 to 15 Years Old at CHU-IOTA
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作者 Kadiatou Ba Aichata Tall +19 位作者 Mory Coulibaly Cheick Sogodogo Zoumana Bagayogo Aoua Ibrahim Toure Ousmane Toure Brainima Coulibaly Fatoumata Tata Sidibe Aly Konipo Roucky Sangare Seydou Diallo Moro Sidibe Oumar Diallo Assiatou Simaga Gounon Saye Modibo Sissoko Mamadou Kole Sidibe Sidi Diarra Nouhoum Guirou Abdoulaye Napo Adama Guindo 《Surgical Science》 2024年第8期480-491,共12页
Introduction: Undetected refractive errors constitute a health problem among school children who cannot take advantage of educational opportunities. The authors studied the prevalence of refractive errors in school ch... Introduction: Undetected refractive errors constitute a health problem among school children who cannot take advantage of educational opportunities. The authors studied the prevalence of refractive errors in school children aged 5 to 15 at CHU-IOTA. Patients and Method: This is a prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the ophthalmic-pediatrics department of CHU-IOTA, from October to November 2023. Results: We received 340 school children aged 5 to 15, among whom 111 presented ametropia, i.e. a prevalence of 32.65%. The average age was 11.42 ± 2.75 years and a sex ratio of 0.59. The average visual acuity was 4/10 (range 1/10 and 10/10). We found refractive defects: astigmatism 73.87%, hyperopia 23.87% of cases and myopia 2.25%. The decline in distance visual acuity was the most common functional sign. Ocular abnormalities associated with ametropia were dominated by allergic conjunctivitis (26.13%) and papillary excavation (6.31%) in astigmatics;allergic conjunctivitis (9.01%) and papillary excavation (7.20%) in hyperopic patients;turbid vitreous (0.90%), myopic choroidosis (0.45%) and allergic conjunctivitis (0.45%) in myopes. Conclusion: Refractive errors constitute a reality and a major public health problem among school children. 展开更多
关键词 Refractive errors PREVALENCE CHILD CHU-IOTA
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Determination of Timer Error and Evaluation of Its Effect on Dose for OB6, GammaBeam X200 and X-Ray Irradiators at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory in Nigeria
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作者 Olumide Olaife Akerele Samuel Mofolorunsho Oyeyemi +3 位作者 David Olakanmi Olaniyi Francis Adole Agada Bamidele Musbau Adeniran Latifat Ronke Owoade 《World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》 CAS 2024年第2期118-130,共13页
Timer error as well as its convention is very important for dose accuracy during irradiation. This paper determines the timer error of irradiators at Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Nigeria. The irra... Timer error as well as its convention is very important for dose accuracy during irradiation. This paper determines the timer error of irradiators at Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Nigeria. The irradiators are Cs-137 OB6 irradiator and X-ray irradiators at the Protection level SSDL;and Co-60 irradiator at the Therapy Level SSDL. PTW UNIDOS electrometer and LS01 Ionization chamber were used at the Protection Level to obtain doses for both Cs-137 OB6 and X-ray irradiators while an IBA farmer type ionization chamber and an IBA DOSE 1 electrometer were used at the Protection Level SSDL. Single/multiple exposure method and graphical method were used in the determination of the timer error for the three irradiators. The timer error obtained for Cs-137 OB6 irradiator was 0.48 ± 0.01 s, the timer error for the X-ray irradiator was 0.09 ± 0.01 s while the timer error obtained for GammaBeam X200 was 1.21 ± 0.04 s. It was observed that the timer error is not affected by source to detector distance. It was also observed that the timer error of Co-60 Gamma X200 irradiator is increasing with the age of the machine. Source to detector distance and field size do not contribute towards the timer error of the irradiators. The timer error of the Co-60 Gamma X200 irradiator (the only irradiator among the irradiators with a pneumatic system) increases with the age of the irradiator. 展开更多
关键词 Timer error Irradiation SSDL Irradiators Dose Accuracy
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Error field penetration in J-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model
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作者 王文 徐涛 +1 位作者 张仪 the J-TEXT team 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期545-551,共7页
An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant surfaces.We have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and pr... An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant surfaces.We have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program LAYER.We calculated the error field penetration threshold for J-TEXT.In addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration value.However,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the penetration.By scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency decreases.Finally,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature. 展开更多
关键词 plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration
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An Insight Survey on Sensor Errors and Fault Detection Techniques in Smart Spaces
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作者 Sheetal Sharma Kamali Gupta +2 位作者 DeepaliGupta Shalli Rani Gaurav Dhiman 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期2029-2059,共31页
The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness... The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness ofIoT devices. These devices, present in offices, homes, industries, and more, need constant monitoring to ensuretheir proper functionality. The success of smart systems relies on their seamless operation and ability to handlefaults. Sensors, crucial components of these systems, gather data and contribute to their functionality. Therefore,sensor faults can compromise the system’s reliability and undermine the trustworthiness of smart environments.To address these concerns, various techniques and algorithms can be employed to enhance the performance ofIoT devices through effective fault detection. This paper conducted a thorough review of the existing literature andconducted a detailed analysis.This analysis effectively links sensor errors with a prominent fault detection techniquecapable of addressing them. This study is innovative because it paves theway for future researchers to explore errorsthat have not yet been tackled by existing fault detection methods. Significant, the paper, also highlights essentialfactors for selecting and adopting fault detection techniques, as well as the characteristics of datasets and theircorresponding recommended techniques. Additionally, the paper presents amethodical overview of fault detectiontechniques employed in smart devices, including themetrics used for evaluation. Furthermore, the paper examinesthe body of academic work related to sensor faults and fault detection techniques within the domain. This reflectsthe growing inclination and scholarly attention of researchers and academicians toward strategies for fault detectionwithin the realm of the Internet of Things. 展开更多
关键词 error fault detection techniques sensor faults OUTLIERS Internet of Things
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Relationships between Terrain Features and Forecasting Errors of Surface Wind Speeds in a Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction Model
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作者 Wenbo XUE Hui YU +1 位作者 Shengming TANG Wei HUANG 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1161-1170,共10页
Numerical weather prediction(NWP)models have always presented large forecasting errors of surface wind speeds over regions with complex terrain.In this study,surface wind forecasts from an operational NWP model,the SM... Numerical weather prediction(NWP)models have always presented large forecasting errors of surface wind speeds over regions with complex terrain.In this study,surface wind forecasts from an operational NWP model,the SMS-WARR(Shanghai Meteorological Service-WRF ADAS Rapid Refresh System),are analyzed to quantitatively reveal the relationships between the forecasted surface wind speed errors and terrain features,with the intent of providing clues to better apply the NWP model to complex terrain regions.The terrain features are described by three parameters:the standard deviation of the model grid-scale orography,terrain height error of the model,and slope angle.The results show that the forecast bias has a unimodal distribution with a change in the standard deviation of orography.The minimum ME(the mean value of bias)is 1.2 m s^(-1) when the standard deviation is between 60 and 70 m.A positive correlation exists between bias and terrain height error,with the ME increasing by 10%−30%for every 200 m increase in terrain height error.The ME decreases by 65.6%when slope angle increases from(0.5°−1.5°)to larger than 3.5°for uphill winds but increases by 35.4%when the absolute value of slope angle increases from(0.5°−1.5°)to(2.5°−3.5°)for downhill winds.Several sensitivity experiments are carried out with a model output statistical(MOS)calibration model for surface wind speeds and ME(RMSE)has been reduced by 90%(30%)by introducing terrain parameters,demonstrating the value of this study. 展开更多
关键词 surface wind speed terrain features error analysis MOS calibration model
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Refractive Errors among University Students at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda
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作者 Denis Kamara John Onyango +5 位作者 Simon Arunga Mwanja Pius Pliers Denis Tusingwire Mary Assumpta Ayoo Eric Ronald Mulongo Barnabas Atwiine 《Open Journal of Ophthalmology》 2024年第3期324-338,共15页
Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are prone to developing refractive errors d... Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are prone to developing refractive errors due to their curriculum that requires a lot of near work affecting their performance and quality of life unknowingly. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of refractive errors. This study addresses the paucity of knowledge about refractive errors among university students in East Africa, providing a foundation for further research. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with refractive errors among students in the Faculty of Medicine at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study in which 368 undergraduate students selected using random sampling were assessed for refractive errors from March 2021-July 2021. Eligible participants were recruited and their VA assessment done after answering a questionnaire. Students whose VA improved on pin hole had subjective retinoscopy and results were compiled and imported to STATA 14 for analysis. Results: The prevalence of refractive errors was 26.36% with (95% CI) among university students especially myopia. Myopia is most predominant at 60%, followed by 37% Astigmatism and hyperopia of 3% among medical students. Astigmatism consisted of largely myopic astigmatism 72% (26) and 28% (10) compound/mixed astigmatism only. Student positive family history of refractive error was found to have a statistically significant relationship with refractive errors with AOR 1.68 (1.04 - 2.72) (95% CI) and P (0.032). Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among university students, especially myopia, was found to be high and family history was associated with students having refractive errors. 展开更多
关键词 Refractive errors PREVALENCE Myopia ASTIGMATISM HYPEROPIA HYPERMETROPIA UNIVERSITY Students BLINDNESS Visual Impairment
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Higher-order expansions of powered extremes of logarithmic general error distribution
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作者 TAN Xiao-feng LI Li-hui 《Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities)》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期47-54,共8页
In this paper,Let M_(n)denote the maximum of logarithmic general error distribution with parameter v≥1.Higher-order expansions for distributions of powered extremes M_(n)^(p)are derived under an optimal choice of nor... In this paper,Let M_(n)denote the maximum of logarithmic general error distribution with parameter v≥1.Higher-order expansions for distributions of powered extremes M_(n)^(p)are derived under an optimal choice of normalizing constants.It is shown that M_(n)^(p),when v=1,converges to the Frechet extreme value distribution at the rate of 1/n,and if v>1 then M_(n)^(p)converges to the Gumbel extreme value distribution at the rate of(loglogn)^(2)=(log n)^(1-1/v). 展开更多
关键词 logarithmic general error distribution convergence rate higher-order expansion powered ex-treme
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