Robust Beamforming Under Channel Prediction Errors for Time-Varying MIMO System

The accuracy of acquired channel state information(CSI)for beamforming design is essential for achievable performance in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems.However,in a high-speed moving scene with time-division duplex(TDD)mode,the acquired CSI depending on the channel reciprocity is inevitably outdated,leading to outdated beamforming design and then performance degradation.In this paper,a robust beamforming design under channel prediction errors is proposed for a time-varying MIMO system to combat the degradation further,based on the channel prediction technique.Specifically,the statistical characteristics of historical channel prediction errors are exploited and modeled.Moreover,to deal with random error terms,deterministic equivalents are adopted to further explore potential beamforming gain through the statistical information and ultimately derive the robust design aiming at maximizing weighted sum-rate performance.Simulation results show that the proposed beamforming design can maintain outperformance during the downlink transmission time even when channels vary fast,compared with the traditional beamforming design.

CHANNEL ERROR CORRECTION FOR WIDEBAND SAR-A JOINT MULTIPLE SUBPULSES PROCESSING METHOD

A novel method,referred to as joint multiple subpulses processing,is developed to calibrate the nonideal transfer function of radio frequency front-end and I/Q imbalance in quadrature modulate/demodulate systems simultaneously,which frequently occur in wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) systems.Based on the time-frequency relation of the chirp signal and the analyses of the channel errors in wideband SAR,joint multiple subpulses processing method is adopted to separate the image frequency component due to the I/Q channel error.Then,the complete description of the channel error is acquired for building the correction function,which is used to correct the radar raw echo in frequency domain.The validity and capability of this method are demonstrated by the experiments of the channel error correction on the high resolution SAR system with the effective bandwidth of 500 MHz.

Energy efficiency enhancement of two-way amplifier forward relaying with channel estimation error

In order to save energy consumption of two-way amplifier forward(AF) relaying with channel estimation error, an energy efficiency enhancement scheme is proposed in this work. Firstly, through the analysis of two-way AF relaying mode with channel estimation error, the resultant instantaneous SNRs at end nodes is obtained. Then, by using a high SNR approximation, outage possibility is acquired and its simple closed-form expression is represented. Specially, for using the energy resource more efficiently, a low-complexity power allocation and transmission mode selection policy is proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of two-way AF relay system. Finally, relay priority region is identified in which cooperative diversity energy gain can be achieved. The computer simulations are presented to verify our analytical results, indicating that the proposed policy outperforms direct transmission by an energy gain of 3 dB at the relative channel estimation error less than 0.001. The results also show that the two-way AF relaying transmission loses the two-way AF relaying transmission loses its superiority to direct transmission in terms of energy efficiency when channel estimation error reaches 0.03.

Influence of Error-prone Channel on the Performance of IEEE 802.11 WLAN Utilizing RTS/CTS Handshaking

A comprehensive study was presented for WLAN 802.11b using error-prone channel. It was theoretically and numerically evaluated the performance of three different network sizes with the bit rates that available in 802.11b protocol. Results show that throughput does not change with the size of the network for wide range of bit error rates (BERs) and the channel bit rates play a significant role in the main characteristics of the network. A comprehensive explanation has given for the phenomenon of the packet delay suppression at relatively high level of BERs in view of the size of the networks and the BERs. The effect length of the transmitting packets is also investigated.

PERFORMANCE OF THE ZERO FORCING PRECODING MIMO BROADCAST SYSTEMS WITH CHANNEL ESTIMATION ERRORS

In this paper, the effect of channel estimation errors upon the Zero Forcing (ZF) precoding Multiple Input Multiple Output Broadcast (MIMO BC) systems was studied. Based on the two kinds of Gaussian estimation error models, the performance analysis is conducted under different power allocation strategies. Analysis and simulation show that if the covariance of channel estimation errors is independent of the received Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), imperfect channel knowledge deteriorates the sum capacity and the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance severely. However, under the situation of orthogonal training and the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation, the sum ca- pacity and BER performance are consistent with those of the perfect Channel State Information (CSI) with only a performance degradation.

Influence of the Limited Retransmission on the Performance of WLANs Using Error-Prone Channel

In WLANs, stations sharing a common wireless channel are governed by IEEE 802.11 protocol. Many conscious studies have been conducted to utilize this precious medium efficiently. However, most of these studies have been done either under assumption of idealistic channel condition or with unlimited retransmitting number. This paper is devoted to investigate influence of limited retransmissions and error level in the utilizing channel on the network throughput, probability of packet dropping and time to drop a packet. The results show that for networks using basic access mechanism the throughput is suppressed with increasing amount of errors in the transmitting channel over all the range of the retry limit. It is also quite sensitive to the size of the network. On the other side, the networks using four-way handshaking mechanism has a good immunity against the error over the available range of retry limits. Also the throughput is unchangeable with size of the network over the range of retransmission limits. However, the throughput does not change with retry limits when it exceeds the maximum number of the backoff stage in both DCF’s mechanisms. In both mechanisms the probability of dropping a packet is a decreasing function with number of retransmissions and the time to drop a packet in the queue of a station is a strong function to the number of retry limit, size of the network, the utilizing medium access mechanism and amount of errors in the channel.

Channel Error Estimation Methods Comparison under Different Conditions for Multichannel HRWS SAR Systems

Multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in azimuth can resolve the contradiction between high resolution and wide swath faced with traditional SAR imaging. However, channel errors will degrade the performance of imaging. This paper compares the performances of four channel error estimation algorithms under different clutter distributions and SNR conditions. Further, explanations are given for performance differences of the four algorithms, which provide evidence for method selection in engineering applications.

Beacon-driven Leader Based Protocol over a GE Channel for MAC Layer Multicast Error Control

In wireless networks current standard MAC layer protocols don’t provide any error correction scheme for broadcast/multicast. In this paper, we enhance a Leader Based Protocol (LBP) and propose a Beacon-driven Leader Based Protocol (BLBP) for the MAC layer multicast error control. To guarantee a very low Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) under strict delay constraints for video multicast over a Gilbert-Elliott (GE) channel, we analyze BLBP and compare it with LBP and different application layer multicast error control schemes via simulation experiments. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that BLBP can correct nearly all the errors for all receivers in the MAC layer and is more efficient than LBP. BLBP is also more efficient than the application layer Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) scheme and the total multicast delay is much shorter. BLBP is very good for real-time multicast applications with strict delay constraints.

Linear Precoder Design for Correlated Rician Fading Channel Under Imperfect CSI

In this paper,we have modeled a linear precoder for indoor multiuser multiple input multiple output(MU-MIMO)system with imperfect channel state information(CSI)at transmitter.The Rician channel is presumed to be mutually coupled and spatially,temporarily correlated.The imperfection with CSI is primarily due to the channel estimation error at receiver and feedback delay amidst the receiver and transmitter in CSI transmission.Along with,the insufficient spacing between the antenna at transmitter and receiver persuades mutual coupling(MC)among the array elements.In addition,the MIMO channel is presumed to be jointly correlated(Weichselberger correlation model).When we look back on the existing precoder design,it considered spatial correlation alone disregarding joint correlation of antenna array elements.With all above assumption,we have designed a linear precoder which minimizes mean squared error(MSE)subjected to total transmit power constraint for MUMIMO system.The simulation results proven that proposed precoder shows substantial enhancement in bit error rate(BER)performance in comparison with the existing technique.The mathematical analysis corroborates the simulation results.

Throughput optimization for multi-channel cooperative CR under reporting channel errors

To overcome the problem of channel fading and noise uncertainty,cooperative spectrum sensing(CSS)is developed to enhance the sensing performance in cognitive radio networks(CRNs).Considering that the non-ideal reporting channels of CSS can cause an adverse impact on the detection performance,the throughput maximization problem for multi-channel CSS cognitive radio under reporting channel errors is investigated.While providing all the primary users with sufficient protection,the average throughput of secondary users(SUs)is maximized by jointly optimizing the sensing duration,detection threshold and SU assignment.To address the non-convex optimization problem,the optimal energy detection threshold is derived first.Then,a sub-optimal greedy algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal sensing duration and the optimal SU assignment.Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can output the same performance as the exhaustive search algorithm at a much lower level of complexity.It is also shown that the impact of imperfect reporting channels should be considered especially in low signal-to-noise ratio environments and the reporting channel errors significantly reduce the performance of CSS.

Array-error estimation method for multi-channel SAR systems in azimuth

For multi-channel synthetic aperture radar（SAR） systems, since the minimum antenna area constraint is eliminated,wide swath and high resolution SAR image can be achieved.However, the unavoidable array errors, consisting of channel gainphase mismatch and position uncertainty, significantly degrade the performance of such systems. An iteration-free method is proposed to simultaneously estimate position and gain-phase errors.In our research, the steering vectors corresponding to a pair of Doppler bins within the same range bin are studied in terms of their rotational relationships. The method is based on the fact that the rotational matrix only depends on the position errors and the frequency spacing between the paired Doppler bins but is independent of gain-phase error. Upon combining the projection matrices corresponding to the paired Doppler bins, the position errors are directly obtained in terms of extracting the rotational matrix in a least squares framework. The proposed method, when used in conjunction with the self-calibration algorithm, performs stably as well as has less computational load, compared with the conventional methods. Simulations reveal that the proposed method behaves better than the conventional methods even when the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） is low.

Performance and Improvement of MCS Selection with Channel Quality Estimation Errors for HSDPA

The throughput performance of modulation and coding schemes （MCS） selection with channel quality estimation errors （CQEE） is analyzed for high-speed downlink packet access （HSDPA）. To reduce the loss of throughput caused by CQEE, the robust MCS selection method and adaptive MCS switching scheme are proposed. In addition, automatic repeat request （ARQ） scheme is used to improve the block error rate （BLER） performance. Simulation results show that the proposed methods decrease the throughput loss resulted from CQEE efficiently and BLER performance gets better with ARQ scheme.

Secure deterministic communication in a quantum loss channel using quantum error correction code

The loss of a quantum channel leads to an irretrievable particle loss as well as information. In this paper, the loss of quantum channel is analysed and a method is put forward to recover the particle and information loss effectively using universal quantum error correction. Then a secure direct communication scheme is proposed, such that in a loss channel the information that an eavesdropper can obtain would be limited to arbitrarily small when the code is properly chosen and the correction operation is properly arranged.

CNN-AE在超奈奎斯特无线光通信端到端系统中的性能

符号间干扰的存在使超奈奎斯特(faster-than-Nyquist, FTN)速率无线光通信系统的性能受到严重影响,针对此问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络自编码器的端到端通信系统来消除符号间干扰的影响并完成信号的恢复。针对超奈奎斯特信号非正交的特性,采用交替训练算法分别训练发射机和接收机权重,解决监督训练中模型输入输出数据尺寸不匹配的问题。在此基础上,分析了该系统在Gamma-Gamma大气信道中的误码率(bit error rate, BER)性能。仿真结果证明,与采用最大似然估计的传统系统相比,该系统的误码率性能在各种条件因素影响下都有不同程度的提高。当加速因子在Mazo限内时,该系统可以消除FTN成型和湍流信道带来的复杂混合码间干扰,其误码性能几乎与正交传输系统相等。

一种雷达测试中通道误差自适应补偿技术

文章针对多模式、多带宽脉宽组合的雷达系统调试测试时通道误差提取与补偿效率低的问题,提出了一种通道误差随参数变化的自适应补偿技术。该方法可在通道误差模型的基础上,根据各工作模式所设定的带宽、脉宽组合自适应生成幅相误差补偿曲线,并以回波模拟器通道误差自适应补偿为例给出了误差模型获取与自动生成的具体步骤。通过某雷达系统测试过程中的试验验证,所提出的方法幅度误差提取结果相比逐次提取结果偏差小于0.02dB,相位误差提取偏差小于0.2度,满足通道误差补偿的需求,不仅适用雷达系统调试测试,还可应用于其他通道特性稳定系统的通道误差补偿,避免繁杂的手动操作,提高测试效率。

基于最大均值差异的能量侧信道泄露量化评估

能量侧信道分析是通过对密码设备运行时的能量消耗进行分析,推导出运行时的操作及操作涉及的敏感中间值.对密码设备进行能量泄露量化评估是分析密码设备信息泄露程度的重要手段,目前主流的评估方案主要关注于能量迹上单个样本点的泄露,并未充分考虑高阶攻击模型下的泄露评估问题,对于采用掩码防御措施的密码芯片来说,一旦发生泄露,通常表现为多变量联合泄露,因此采用传统的单样本点方法进行泄露评估会存在假阴性的问题.本文研究多点联合泄露评估问题,引入最大均值差异方法,提取能量迹的多变量联合特征,构建基于最大均值差异的能量泄露量化评估模型,提供了一种有效的能量侧信道泄露量化评估方法.通过实现无防御对策和有防御对策的AES算法,使用DPA contest v2、ASCAD v1和自采能量迹数据集进行实验,结果表明,基于最大均值差异的泄露量化评估方法能够有效降低单样本点检测方法出现假阴性的风险,HAC、MTD和Bartlett-F检验的对照结果也进一步验证了该方法的有效性.

机载共形阵通道幅相误差实时预测算法

针对飞行器高速机动时机体剧烈震颤引起的阵列失配等问题,提出一种快速通道预测算法,以提高阵列波束形成的鲁棒性。首先分析飞行器在高速震颤产生误差扰动的情况下,机载共形弧阵波束图的畸变程度,并假设通道幅度和相位误差随机,给出两类误差的预测算法。由于预测校准算法需结合共形阵背景下的接收阵列信号模型,因此给出具体的阵列稳健性判定依据,以阵元标定误差和幅相误差进行性能分析。然后提出一种基于标准校准元技术的共形阵误差预测算法,该算法不仅可以在阵列设计之初用于阵列校准,也可以在实际使用中进行通道修正。最后根据3个校准元对空间分布阵列进行误差预测。该误差预测算法在阵元间距为10cm的阵列中,对5 mm的随机抖动有较好预测,其中单次预测最多偏离实际误差1 mm,并且使用误差预测值可以直接部署于基带部分进行实时校准,校准精度在准确值的2 mm内,具有较高的实时误差校正能力。

SC-FDMA系统的MMSE-FSE算法分析

单载波频分多址(Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access,SC-FDMA)系统均衡器的输入信号通常是按符号间隔进行采样的,其对抽样时间十分敏感。在短波波段,由于多径反射显著,当多径延时接近符号周期长度时,对抽样时间敏感的缺点会被放大。针对短波信道的特征,研究了SC-FDMA系统的分数间隔均衡器(Fractional Spaced Equalizer,FSE)模型,通过与符号间隔均衡器对比发现,虽然符号间隔均衡器可以补偿接收信号的频率响应,但其对短时延衰落信道的补偿效果较差;FSE对于抽样时间的选择不敏感,在多径信道下能够获得更好的性能。链路仿真结果表明,在短时衰落信道环境下,FSE的译码性能比符号间隔均衡器有最大1.5 dB的增益。

Neural-Polar码:一种基于深度学习的新型信道编码方案

为应对新型移动通信系统智能性的需求以及在难以进行人工建模的复杂信道环境下进行可靠通信的问题,基于Polar码的编译码递归结构提出一种新型神经网络信道编码方案,即Neural-Polar码。该方案利用神经网络将Polar码编译码递归结构中父、子节点间的线性映射变成非线性映射,引入快速连续抵消(successive cancellation, SC)译码的思想,解决在完全二叉树上构建Neural-Polar码造成网络结构过大的问题。仿真实验表明,Neural-Polar码可以获得优于经典SC译码算法的误码率(bit error rate, BER)和误块率(block error rate, BLER)性能,对网络的联合训练使得Neural-Polar码能够自动学习信道特性,具有更好的信道适应性和鲁棒性。Neural-Polar码将传统的对复杂信道进行人工建模分析的难题交给机器,充分体现出其编译码的智能性。

方位多波束弧形阵列SAR成像方法研究

弧形阵列合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,简称SAR)是一种广域观测的新体制微波成像系统,相比于线性阵列合成孔径雷达,弧形阵列SAR能够有效克服常规成像雷达前视、侧视、下视等观测视角单一的问题,弥补了常规成像模式的不足。方位多波束技术是星载合成孔径雷达系统获取高分辨宽覆盖测绘能力的重要技术途径。本文首先构建了多波束弧形阵列SAR系统的方位向多通道信号模型,并通过传统的方位多通道重建方法进行成像仿真,成像结果出现虚假目标,由于传统的多通道重建方法适用于大多数线性阵列,所以通过分析回波斜距的数学几何模型推导出了多波束弧形阵列SAR相比于线性阵列SAR多了一个附加相位,与弧形阵列天线结构相结合,附加相位由子孔径角度引起,因此方位多通道回波数据中相位误差是由多通道弧形阵列SAR的子孔径角度引起,从而导致多通道不均衡,所以传统的多通道重建方法不能够直接用于弧形阵列SAR的成像处理中,为了实现弧形阵列SAR系统的静止目标聚焦成像,提出了适用于弧形阵列SAR系统的方位多通道重建方法,在进行多通道重构和合并之前,对方位通道间的附加相位进行补偿,避免方位欠采样,然后根据弧形阵列方位多通道脉冲响应重构方位多通道数据,该方法可以很好的抑制了虚假目标,最后通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性。