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Analysis on the Error Types and the Causes of the Construction of"X什么(Y)+都+Z"
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作者 Siyun Li 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2021年第8期118-123,共6页
Using intermediate and advanced Chinese students as the research subjects,HSK corpus and questionnaire surveys were used to explore the error types in the construction of"X什么(Y)+都+Z."The types of errors c... Using intermediate and advanced Chinese students as the research subjects,HSK corpus and questionnaire surveys were used to explore the error types in the construction of"X什么(Y)+都+Z."The types of errors can be divided into component errors,relationship errors between components,and collocation errors between components and sentences.The main reasons for the errors are the particularity of the construction,the immature development of construction teaching,the negative transfer of students5 mother tongue,as well as the generalization and avoidance of the target language. 展开更多
关键词 X什么(Y)+都+Z error type Teaching Chinese as a foreign language
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Comparison of Type I Error Rates of Siegel-Tukey and Savage Tests among Non-Parametric Tests
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作者 Sahib Ramazanov Hakan Çora 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2024年第9期2393-2410,共18页
This study aimed to examine the performance of the Siegel-Tukey and Savage tests on data sets with heterogeneous variances. The analysis, considering Normal, Platykurtic, and Skewed distributions and a standard deviat... This study aimed to examine the performance of the Siegel-Tukey and Savage tests on data sets with heterogeneous variances. The analysis, considering Normal, Platykurtic, and Skewed distributions and a standard deviation ratio of 1, was conducted for both small and large sample sizes. For small sample sizes, two main categories were established: equal and different sample sizes. Analyses were performed using Monte Carlo simulations with 20,000 repetitions for each scenario, and the simulations were evaluated using SAS software. For small sample sizes, the I. type error rate of the Siegel-Tukey test generally ranged from 0.045 to 0.055, while the I. type error rate of the Savage test was observed to range from 0.016 to 0.041. Similar trends were observed for Platykurtic and Skewed distributions. In scenarios with different sample sizes, the Savage test generally exhibited lower I. type error rates. For large sample sizes, two main categories were established: equal and different sample sizes. For large sample sizes, the I. type error rate of the Siegel-Tukey test ranged from 0.047 to 0.052, while the I. type error rate of the Savage test ranged from 0.043 to 0.051. In cases of equal sample sizes, both tests generally had lower error rates, with the Savage test providing more consistent results for large sample sizes. In conclusion, it was determined that the Savage test provides lower I. type error rates for small sample sizes and that both tests have similar error rates for large sample sizes. These findings suggest that the Savage test could be a more reliable option when analyzing variance differences. 展开更多
关键词 Non-Parametric Test Siegel-Tukey Test Savage Test Monte Carlo Simulation type I error
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ISHIKAWA TYPE ITERATIVE SEQUENCES WITH ERRORS FOR LIPSCHITZIAN φ-STRONGLY ACCRETIVE OPERATOR EQUATIONS IN ARBITRARY BANACH SPACES 被引量:2
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作者 曾六川 《Numerical Mathematics A Journal of Chinese Universities(English Series)》 SCIE 2002年第1期25-33,共9页
In this paper, we investigate the problem of approximating solutions of the equations of Lipschitzian ψ-strongly accretive operators and fixed points of Lipschitzian ψ-hemicontractive operators by lshikawa type iter... In this paper, we investigate the problem of approximating solutions of the equations of Lipschitzian ψ-strongly accretive operators and fixed points of Lipschitzian ψ-hemicontractive operators by lshikawa type iterative sequences with errors. Our results unify, improve and extend the results obtained previously by several authors including Li and Liu (Acta Math. Sinica 41 (4)(1998), 845-850), and Osilike (Nonlinear Anal. TMA, 36(1)(1999), 1-9), and also answer completely the open problems mentioned by Chidume (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 151 (2)(1990), 453-461). 展开更多
关键词 φ-strongly accretive operator φ-hemicontractive operator Ishikawa type iterative sequences with errors
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A Study Regarding Solution of a Knowledge Model Based on the Containing-Type Error Matrix Equation 被引量:1
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作者 Xilin Min Kaizhong Guo Jize Huang 《Engineering(科研)》 2012年第8期484-492,共9页
An error matrix equation based on error matrix theory was presented in previous research of the error-eliminating theory. The purpose of solving the error matrix equation is to create a decision support on how to swit... An error matrix equation based on error matrix theory was presented in previous research of the error-eliminating theory. The purpose of solving the error matrix equation is to create a decision support on how to switch from bad to good status. A matrix based on error logic is used to express current status u, expectant status u1 and transformation matrix T. It is u, u1, and T that are used to build error matrix equation T (u)= u1. This allows us to find a method whereby bad status “u” changes to good status “u1” by solving the equation. The conversion method that transform from current to expectant status can be obtained from the transformation matrix T. On this basis, this paper proposes a new kind of error matrix equation named “containing-type error matrix equation”. This equation is more suitable for analyzing the realistic question. The method of solving, existence and form of solution for this type of equation have been presented in this paper. This research provides a potential useful new technique for decision analysis. 展开更多
关键词 error MATRIX SET EQUATION Containing-type error MATRIX EQUATION KNOWLEDGE Model
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Effects of Multicollinearity on Type I Error of Some Methods of Detecting Heteroscedasticity in Linear Regression Model
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作者 Olusegun Olatayo Alabi Kayode Ayinde +2 位作者 Omowumi Esther Babalola Hamidu Abimbola Bello Edward Charles Okon 《Open Journal of Statistics》 2020年第4期664-677,共14页
Heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity are serious problems when they exist in econometrics data. These problems exist as a result of violating the assumptions of equal variance between the error terms and that of i... Heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity are serious problems when they exist in econometrics data. These problems exist as a result of violating the assumptions of equal variance between the error terms and that of independence between the explanatory variables of the model. With these assumption violations, Ordinary Least Square Estimator</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(OLS) will not give best linear unbiased, efficient and consistent estimator. In practice, there are several structures of heteroscedasticity and several methods of heteroscedasticity detection. For better estimation result, best heteroscedasticity detection methods must be determined for any structure of heteroscedasticity in the presence of multicollinearity between the explanatory variables of the model. In this paper we examine the effects of multicollinearity on type I error rates of some methods of heteroscedasticity detection in linear regression model in other to determine the best method of heteroscedasticity detection to use when both problems exist in the model. Nine heteroscedasticity detection methods were considered with seven heteroscedasticity structures. Simulation study was done via a Monte Carlo experiment on a multiple linear regression model with 3 explanatory variables. This experiment was conducted 1000 times with linear model parameters of </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></em><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 4 , </span><em><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></em><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.4 , </span><em><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></em><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= 1.5</span></span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><em style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sub>3 </sub></span></em><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= 3.6</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Five (5) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">levels of</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mulicollinearity </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with seven</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(7) different sample sizes. The method’s performances were compared with the aids of set confidence interval (C.I</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) criterion. Results showed that whenever multicollinearity exists in the model with any forms of heteroscedasticity structures, Breusch-Godfrey (BG) test is the best method to determine the existence of heteroscedasticity at all chosen levels of significance. 展开更多
关键词 Regression Model Heteroscedasticity Methods Heteroscedasticity Structures MULTICOLLINEARITY Monte Carlo Study Significance Levels type I error Rates
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On the Distribution of Type II Errors in Hypothesis Testing
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作者 Skip Thompson 《Applied Mathematics》 2011年第2期189-195,共7页
When a statistical test of hypothesis for a population mean is performed, we are faced with the possibility of committing a Type II error by not rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact the population mean has chang... When a statistical test of hypothesis for a population mean is performed, we are faced with the possibility of committing a Type II error by not rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact the population mean has changed. We consider this issue and quantify matters in a manner that differs a bit from what is commonly done. In particular, we define the probability distribution function for Type II errors. We then explore some interesting properties that we have not seen mentioned elsewhere for this probability distribution function. Finally, we discuss several Maple procedures that can be used to perform various calculations using the distribution. 展开更多
关键词 COMPLEMENTARY error Function HYPOTHESIS Testing POWER CURVES POWER Surfaces type II errorS
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A Simulation Based Comparison of Correlation Coefficients with Regard to Type I Error Rate and Power
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作者 Elif Tugran Mehmet Kocak +2 位作者 Hamit Mirtagioglu Soner Yigit Mehmet Mendes 《Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing》 2015年第3期87-101,共15页
In this simulation study, five correlation coefficients, namely, Pearson, Spearman, Kendal Tau, Permutation-based, and Winsorized were compared in terms of Type I error rate and power under different scenarios where t... In this simulation study, five correlation coefficients, namely, Pearson, Spearman, Kendal Tau, Permutation-based, and Winsorized were compared in terms of Type I error rate and power under different scenarios where the underlying distributions of the variables of interest, sample sizes and correlation patterns were varied. Simulation results showed that the Type I error rate and power of Pearson correlation coefficient were negatively affected by the distribution shapes especially for small sample sizes, which was much more pronounced for Spearman Rank and Kendal Tau correlation coefficients especially when sample sizes were small. In general, Permutation-based and Winsorized correlation coefficients are more robust to distribution shapes and correlation patterns, regardless of sample size. In conclusion, when assumptions of Pearson correlation coefficient are not satisfied, Permutation-based and Winsorized correlation coefficients seem to be better alternatives. 展开更多
关键词 Correlation Coefficient ROBUSTNESS type I error Rate Test Power NON-NORMALITY SIMULATION
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Dashnic-Zusmanovich type矩阵线性互补问题的误差界新研究
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作者 李艳艳 黄卫华 《湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2019年第3期274-276,共3页
研究Dashnic-Zusmanovich type矩阵A的线性互补问题的误差界估计问题,在已有A的元素的逆矩阵无穷范数估计式的基础上,给出A的线性互补问题的误差界.对于该问题的研究进一步完善了关于Dashnic-Zusmanovich type矩阵的相关研究.最后,用数... 研究Dashnic-Zusmanovich type矩阵A的线性互补问题的误差界估计问题,在已有A的元素的逆矩阵无穷范数估计式的基础上,给出A的线性互补问题的误差界.对于该问题的研究进一步完善了关于Dashnic-Zusmanovich type矩阵的相关研究.最后,用数值算例进行了补充说明. 展开更多
关键词 Dashnic-Zusmanovichtype矩阵 无穷范数 线性互补 误差界
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Error Analysis in English Language Learning 被引量:1
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作者 杜文婷 《基础教育外语教学研究》 2009年第7期28-31,共4页
关键词 英语教学 语言学习 错误分析 教学方法
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Error Correction Strategy Use in the Second Language Classroom: A Study of Junior High School English Teachers in Ghana 被引量:1
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作者 Charles Owu-Ewie 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2013年第7期503-516,共14页
Error correction, in recent times, is seen as one of the important teaching processes in L2 (second language) learning, because comprehensible inputs alone is insufficient for acquisition of language. However, few L... Error correction, in recent times, is seen as one of the important teaching processes in L2 (second language) learning, because comprehensible inputs alone is insufficient for acquisition of language. However, few L2 teachers know much about error analysis and how to correct errors in the L2 classroom. Error correction is a very complicated and a thorny issue in L2 teaching and learning. L2 teachers, therefore, need to be armed with ways in which errors can be treated to ensure maximum effect yet with less harm to learners. Identifying learners' errors is very important in L2 learning, but how to correct them to give the desired effect is equally important and very challenging to L2 teachers. It is therefore crucial to initiate a study in Ghana to find out how errors are corrected in the Ghanaian English language classroom. This case study used complete observation and semi-structured interview as data collection strategies to identify error correction strategies/types English teachers use in the Ghanaian JHS (Junior High School) classroom and how error correction/treatment can be improved to facilitate English language teaching and learning. The findings of the study showed that explicit error correction technique was the most commonly used followed by recast, elicitation, metalinguistic clues, clarification request, repetition, and cues. It was also found that the causes of the disparity in the use of the various error correction types were inadequate teacher preparation, incompetence in English language, limited knowledge in error correction, caliber of students, and insufficient teaching time. This study identified that the situation can be improved through effective teacher training, in-service training, learner involvement, and effective planning. 展开更多
关键词 error correction errors types L2 teaching error analysis foreign language teaching
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A Study of Writing Errors of Chinese College Non-English Majors
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作者 张帆 卢魁 《科技信息》 2010年第22期123-123,共1页
English writing instruction plays an important role in foreign language education. This study aims to explore EFL learners' major writing problems by analyzing the nature and distribution of the writing errors of ... English writing instruction plays an important role in foreign language education. This study aims to explore EFL learners' major writing problems by analyzing the nature and distribution of the writing errors of 98 second-year non-English majors of Xingtai College. The error analysis found that there were four major error types, they were: word choice, verb form, subject missing and verb tense. The author suggested four appropriate instructional strategies for English teachers to help to enhance students' writing proficiency. 展开更多
关键词 英语学习 英语翻译 英语口语 阅读
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INFLUENCE OF THE SPECTRAL TYPE OF A STAR ON THE DETERMINATION OF ITS DECLINATION
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作者 S.Sadzakov Z.Cvetkovic M.Dacic 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》 1995年第16期84-88,共5页
The comparison of dec1inations from the Preliminary Compilation of DS-Pr0grammeStar Positions (PCDS) with those contained in the catalogues observed with meridian circlesof several northern observatories (Belgrade, Ki... The comparison of dec1inations from the Preliminary Compilation of DS-Pr0grammeStar Positions (PCDS) with those contained in the catalogues observed with meridian circlesof several northern observatories (Belgrade, Kiev, Moscow l, Moscow 2, Kazan) shows thesystematic differences depending on the spectral type of stars involved. The effect canprobably be explained by the differences in the atmospheric refraction for different spectraltypes. 展开更多
关键词 磁偏角 光谱分析 恒星 大气折射 纬度观测
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Sensitivity and Specificity Analysis Relation to Statistical Hypothesis Testing and Its Errors: Application to Cryptosporidium Detection Techniques
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作者 Emmanuel de-Graft Johnson Owusu-Ansah Angelina Sampson +1 位作者 Amponsah K. Samuel Abaidoo Robert 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2016年第4期209-216,共8页
The use of Statistical Hypothesis Testing procedure to determine type I and type II errors was linked to the measurement of sensitivity and specificity in clinical trial test and experimental pathogen detection techni... The use of Statistical Hypothesis Testing procedure to determine type I and type II errors was linked to the measurement of sensitivity and specificity in clinical trial test and experimental pathogen detection techniques. A theoretical analysis of establishing these types of errors was made and compared to determination of False Positive, False Negative, True Positive and True Negative. Experimental laboratory detection methods used to detect Cryptosporidium spp. were used to highlight the relationship between hypothesis testing, sensitivity, specificity and predicted values. The study finds that, sensitivity and specificity for the two laboratory methods used for Cryptosporidium detection were low hence lowering the probability of detecting a “false null hypothesis” for the presence of cryptosporidium in the water samples using either Microscopic or PCR. Nevertheless, both procedures for cryptosporidium detection had higher “true negatives” increasing its probability of failing to reject a “true null hypothesis” with specificity of 1.00 for both Microscopic and PCR laboratory detection methods. 展开更多
关键词 Sensitivity SPECIFICITY type I and II errors Detection Methods Hypothesis Testing
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STRONG CODING THEOREM AND ASYMPTOTIC ERROR EXPONENT OF ARBITRARILY VARYING SOURCE
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作者 符方伟 沈世镒 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 1996年第1期23-30,共8页
Csiszar's strong coding theorem for discrete memoryless scarce is generalized to arbitrarily varying source.We also determine the asymptotic error exponent for arbitrarily wrying source.
关键词 arbitrarily varying source coding theorem error exponent information quantity types.
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ON APPROXIMATION AND GENERALIZED TYPE OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL COMPLEX VARIABLES
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作者 G. S. Srivastava Susheel Kumar 《Analysis in Theory and Applications》 2011年第2期101-108,共8页
In the present paper, we study the polynomial approximation of analytic functions of several complex variables. The characterizations of generalized type of analytic functions of several complex variables have been ob... In the present paper, we study the polynomial approximation of analytic functions of several complex variables. The characterizations of generalized type of analytic functions of several complex variables have been obtained in terms of approximation and interpolation errors. 展开更多
关键词 analytic function Siciak extremal function generalized type approximationerrors imterpolation errors
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Reduced-order finite element method based on POD for fractional Tricomi-type equation 被引量:1
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作者 Jincun LIU Hong LI +1 位作者 Yang LIU Zhichao FANG 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI CSCD 2016年第5期647-658,共12页
The reduced-order finite element method (FEM) based on a proper orthogo- nal decomposition (POD) theory is applied to the time fractional Tricomi-type equation. The present method is an improvement on the general ... The reduced-order finite element method (FEM) based on a proper orthogo- nal decomposition (POD) theory is applied to the time fractional Tricomi-type equation. The present method is an improvement on the general FEM. It can significantly save mem- ory space and effectively relieve the computing load due to its reconstruction of POD basis functions. Furthermore, the reduced-order finite element (FE) scheme is shown to be un- conditionally stable, and error estimation is derived in detail. Two numerical examples are presented to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the method for time fractional differential equations (FDEs). 展开更多
关键词 reduced-order finite element method (FEM) proper orthogonal decompo-sition (POD) fractional Tricomi-type equation unconditionally stable error estimate
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Mathematical Statistics Method of Evaluating Application Effects of a New Type of Gas Anchor 被引量:1
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作者 Jun Wang Wen-He Li Rong Zhong 《Energy and Power Engineering》 2015年第7期319-322,共4页
Based on the basic formula of the confidence interval and the sampling error of mathematical statistics, the mathematical statistics method of evaluating application effects of a new type of gas anchor was given in th... Based on the basic formula of the confidence interval and the sampling error of mathematical statistics, the mathematical statistics method of evaluating application effects of a new type of gas anchor was given in this paper. By the method mentioned above, the confidence interval and the sampling errors of the relevant mean value differences of Daqing Oilfield S block’s 150 wells, according to the mean value differences of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth of the 10 sampling test wells, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, were calculated. The calculation results show that a new type of gas anchor has a better effect of increasing oil production of oil well and enhancing pump efficiency. Through the real value differences analysis of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth of 150 wells mentioned above, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, it was verified. By using the confidence interval and the sampling errors of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth mentioned above, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, the application effects of a new type of gas anchor could be evaluated. And a mathematical statistics method of evaluation application effects of a new type of gas anchor is presented. 展开更多
关键词 A New type of Gas ANCHOR CONFIDENCE INTERVAL Sampling error Application Effects Evaluation
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On Two Birkhoff-Type Interpolations with First- and Second-Order Derivative
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作者 Tinggang Zhao Yongjun Li 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2016年第7期1269-1274,共6页
In this paper, we consider two interpolations of Birkhoff-type with integer-order derivative. The Birkhoff interpolation is related with collocation method for the corresponding initial or boundary value problems of d... In this paper, we consider two interpolations of Birkhoff-type with integer-order derivative. The Birkhoff interpolation is related with collocation method for the corresponding initial or boundary value problems of differential equations. The solvability of the interpolation problems is proved. For Gauss-type interpolating points, error of interpolation approximation is deduced. Also, we give efficient algorithms to implement the concerned interpolations. 展开更多
关键词 Birkhoff Interpolation Collocation Method Gauss-type Interpolating Point error Estimation
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Approximation by a Complex Post-Widder Type Operator
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作者 Sorin G.Gal Vijay Gupta 《Analysis in Theory and Applications》 CSCD 2018年第4期297-305,共9页
In the present article, we deal with the so-called overconvergence phenomenon in C of a slightly modified Post-Widder operator of real variable, that is with the extension of its approximation properties from the real... In the present article, we deal with the so-called overconvergence phenomenon in C of a slightly modified Post-Widder operator of real variable, that is with the extension of its approximation properties from the real axis in the complex plane.In this sense, error estimates in approximation and a quantitative Voronovskaya-type asymptotic formula are established. 展开更多
关键词 Real and complex Post-Widder type operator overconvergence phenomenon approximation estimate Voronovskaya-type result exact error estimation
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指针式压力表测量精度评价及误差来源分析
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作者 樊双蛟 张莹 +2 位作者 杨逸 梁田盛 庞桂兵 《大连工业大学学报》 CAS 2024年第5期379-383,共5页
为了确定指针式压力表在日常使用过程中可能存在的误差及其来源,提高测量结果的准确性,本研究将测量系统分析(MSA)与正交试验设计相结合,应用于压力表的精度评价与误差分析。通过测量数据的重复性和再现性分析,确定系统存在一定误差。... 为了确定指针式压力表在日常使用过程中可能存在的误差及其来源,提高测量结果的准确性,本研究将测量系统分析(MSA)与正交试验设计相结合,应用于压力表的精度评价与误差分析。通过测量数据的重复性和再现性分析,确定系统存在一定误差。采用正交试验设计的方法进一步探究误差来源,通过改变测量人员、水平读数角度、垂向读数角度进行试验,结果表明,测量人员对测量结果影响较大,其次是水平读数角度,垂向读数角度影响最小。针对压力表的误差来源,提出应规范操作流程和正确安装压力表位置以减小测量误差。 展开更多
关键词 指针式压力表 误差分析 测量系统分析(MSA) 正交试验设计
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