Effects of estrogen and androgen level on erythrocyte deformability in endocrinological erectile dysfunction

Objective: To evaluate the effect of estrogen and androgen levels on erythrocyte deformability in endocrinological erectile dysfunction patients. Methods: The estrogen level, androgen level, IR of 30 psychogenic and 15 endocriological ED were studied and the correlation between the estrogen and androgen levels and RI were analyzed. Results: There is a negative correlation betweenthe androgen and estrogen levels and IR; The IR (5.9033 ± 1.9369), η_(10)(11.2810 ± 1.3120) values in the endcocrinological group were markedly higher than those (4.0589 ± 1.55339, 9.8321 ± 1.6415) in the psychogenic group. Conclusion: The lower level of the estrogen and androgen in endocrinological ED patients may result in the decrease of erythrocyte deformability causing the increase in blood viscosity. To enhance in time the levels of estrogen and androgen might improve penile erectile function of endocrinological ED patients in hemodynamics

Relationship between glutathione and malonaldehyde levels in erythrocytes and the deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Glutathione, as an in vivo free radical scavenger, plays an important role in the anti-oxidation defense mechanism in patients with acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE： To observe the relationship between the levels of glutathione （GSH） and malonaldehyde （MDA）, the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in erythrocyte and deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN： Controlled observation.SETTING： Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease of Qingdao Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： We chose 98 inpatients with acute cerebral infarction from Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to December 2000 , serving as cerebral infarction group, including 50 male and 48 female, with mean age of （62±7）years. There were 23 cases found on the 1^st day after onset; 25 cases on the 3^rd day after onset; 25 cases on the 7^th day after onset; 25 cases on the 14th days after onset, and they were all confirmed by craniocerebral CT or MRI. Another 30 homeochronous inpatients with neurosis, cervical syndrome, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and motor neuron disease were chosen as control group, including 20 male and 10 female, with mean age of （52±8）years . There was no significant difference in age and gender distribution between two groups （P 〉 0.05）. Patients in the two groups were informed of detected index.METHODS：①Ulnar venous blood was chosen from the patients who were fasted on the 1^st, 3^rd,7^th and 14^th days after onset. Deformation index of erythrocyte was measured with BL88-CKX laser diffraction erythrocyte deformeter and photographing was performed. GSH level in erythrocyte was measured with DTNB assay introduced by Beu-tler. MDA level in erythrocyte was measured with modified thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method.②At each sample collecting , according to the criteria accepted by the Fourth National Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease, intergrant of neurologic impairment 〈 15 points was regarded as mild （n=46）, 15 to 30 points as moderate （n=40）and, 〉 30 points as severe （n=12）. ③ t test was used to compare data between two groups , and linear correlation analysis was used in relationship analysis among indexes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ：① Comparison of erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte at various periods between patients with acute cerebral infarction and controls. ②Correlation of erythrocyte GSH level with erythrocyte MDA level and with deformation index of erythrocyte in patients with cerebral infarction . ③ Relationship between erythrocyte GSH level and severity of disease in patients with acute cerebral infarction. RESULTS： Totally 98 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 30 controls all entered the stage of result analysis. ① Erythrocyte GSH level and deformation index of erythrocyte were lower on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th days after onset in cerebral infarction group than in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）, and erythrocyte MDA level was significantly higher in cerebral infarction group than in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The three indexes changed most significantly on day 3 after onset in patients, and began to recover or decrease on day 7 after onset and inclined to be normal on day 14 after onset. ② Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly negatively correlated with erythrocyte MDA level in patients with acute cerebral infarction on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th days after onset （r=-0.534, -0.713, -0.645, -0.656, respectively, P 〈 0.05-0.01 ） ,and significantly positively correlated with erythrocyte deformation index （t-=0.502, 0.560, 0.455, 0.504, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. ③Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly lower in moderate or severe patients with acute cerebral infarction than in mild patients[（0.215±0.088）,（0.192±0.102）, （0.281±0.090） g/L, P〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION：①Erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte change significantly on the 3^rd day following acute cerebral infarction. Index detection results gradually tended to be normal on from the 7^th day to 14^th days day after onset. ② Change of erythrocyte GSH level can reflect the severity of disease of patients with acute cerebral infarction.③Decrease of erythrocyte GSH level in patients with acute cerebral infarction is one of reasons that result in the decrease of deformation ability of erythrocyte.

Effects of L.F04,the Active Fraction of Lycopus lucidus, on Erythrocytes Rheological Property

Objective: To study the effects of L.F04, the active fraction of Lycopus lucidus, on erythrocytes rheological property so as to investigate its mechanism in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Method: The effects of L.F04 (used for treatment for 10 days in different dosages) on deformability, aggregation and membrane liquidity of erythrocytes (MLE) as well as whole blood apparent viscosity (η_b) were examined on the basis of rat model of blood-stasis syndrome induced by venous injection of high molecular weight dextran. Result: As compared with the normal control group, the model group's RBC deformability and MLE were lower, and the aggregation of erythrocytes and η_b were higher. Compared with the model group, both L.F04 0.612g/kg and 0.306g/kg showed significant effect in improving deformability and inhibiting aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) and reducing blood viscosity. The trend of improving MLE was also shown. Conclusion: L.F04 could significantly improve the abnormal rheological property of erythrocytes.

Erythrocyte shape transformation in physiological regulation of blood viscosity

The study was carried out to evaluate deformable and aggregative erythrocyte properties in humans under normal and pathological states and in rats exposed to various stressors. A strong correlation between the erythrocyte rheological determinants, i.e. deformability index and aggregation rate, was found under pathological and stress-induced states. The physiological significance of this phenomenon is to maintain the native structure of blood flow.

Structure-activity relationships regarding the antioxidant effects of the flavonoids on human erythrocytes

The effects of eleven flavonoids on lipid peroxidation, protein degradation, deformability and osmotic fragility of human erythrocytes exposed in vitro to 10 mM H2O2 for 60 min at 37 oC have been studied. The following flavonoids;quercetin, rutin and morin significantly protected eryt-hrocytes against lipid peroxidation caused by H2O2. This inhibition of lipid peroxidation could be explained by the presence of at least two hydroxyl groups in ring B of the flavonoid structure, regardless of their positions. However, the flavonoids;quercetin, 3,5,7-trihy- droxy-4'-methoxy flavone-7-rutinoside and 3- hydroxy flavone significantly protected eryt-hrocytes against protein degradation. This inhibition could also be explained by the presence of a hydroxyl group at C-3 in ring C of the flavonoid structure. Quercetin and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'- methoxy flvone-7-rutinoside significantly protected erythrocytes against loss of deformability and increased osmotic fragility, indicating that the loss of erythrocyte deformability and the increase in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes exposed to H2O2 are related to protein degradation rather than to lipid peroxidation. The other flavonoids (chrysin, 2-carboxy ethyl dihydroxy flavone, apigenin, cirsimaritin, α-naphto flavone and flavanone) failed to protect erythrocytes against the observed oxidative damages. The results demonstrate the importance of the chemical groups substituted on the basic skeleton of the flavonoids in dictating the type of antioxidant activity, and also demonstrate the hemorheological potentials of flavonoids that have particular protein-antioxidant activities.

Assessment of the Elasticity of Erythrocytes in Different Physiological Fluids by Laser Traps

In the study of the mechanical properties of the erythrocytes (red blood cells-RBCs) the blood sample is commonly diluted in fluids that do not compromise the integrity of the cells. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), newborn bovine serum (NBBS), and phosphate buffer (PBS) solution with a concentration that can provide the right osmotic pressure are fluids commonly used to dilute the blood samples in such studies. Here we have presented the effect of these fluids on the elastic properties of the RBCs that we studied using laser traps. Two laser traps are directly used to trap and deform the cell by exerting a force distributed on the entire cell. The relative changes in size of the cell are studied as a function of the applied force to investigate any effects on the mechanical deformability of RBCs when the cells are suspended in these fluids. The results have shown that the elasticity of the RBCs in the NBBS is not statistically different from the elasticity of the cells in the PBS solution;however the results for the elasticity of the cells in FBS are found to be significantly higher.

Effect of the herbal medicine Danggui Sini plus Wuzhuyu Shengjiang Tang on erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects: a cross-over trial

OBJECTIVE: To show whether Danggui Sini plus Wuzhuyu Shengjiang Tang(DSWST) has any transient effect on erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects.METHODS: A total of 25 subjects [mean age(27.8± 1.8) years] was enrolled in this study. The study was designed as a cross-over trial in which the subjects took part for 2 d. On the first day, blood samples were collected at baseline and 1-2 h after administration of water, whereas, on the second day, instead of water, the subjects were administered DSWST after the baseline blood sampling. The blood samples collected at baseline and after the administration water or DSWST, were examined for erythrocyte deformability.RESULTS: The elongation index increased significantly after 2 h(P = 0.009) compared to the baseline after DSWST intake. However, after water intake, there was no significant differenceobserved. When comparing the percent change of erythrocyte deformability between DSWST and water, we found that after 2 h of administration,DSWST improved erythrocyte deformability significantly compared to water(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: DSWST has a transient effect on erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects.

The critical pressure for driving a red blood cell through a contracting microfluidic channel

When a red blood cell （RBC） is driven by a pressure gradient through a microfluidic channel, its passage or blockage provides a measure of the rigidity of the cell. This has been developed as a means to separate RBCs according to their mechanical properties, which are known to change with pathological conditions such as malaria infection. In this study, we use numerical simulations to establish a quantitative connection between the minimum pressure needed to drive an RBC through a contracting microfluidic channel and the rigidity of the cell membrane. This provides the basis for designing such devices and interpreting the experimental data.

Protection of the rat red cells membrane by taurine in vitro and its mechanism

The effects of taurine on rat erythrocyte deformability and membrane stabilization were studied in vitro.The results demonstrated that taurine(5～25 mmol·L-1) could markedly increase erythrocyte deformability,stabilize cell membrane and possess protective effects on the red blood cells in rats.Taurine could also enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and suppress the rise of malondialdehye(MDA) level of erythrocyte. Except for MDA content,these effects of taurine showed a concentration-dependent relation. The anti-free radical action was considered to be one of the mechanisms of cell protective effect of taurine.

Study of laser beam scattering by inhomogeneous ensemble of red blood cells in a shear flow

Laser elktacytometry is a technique widely used for measuring the deformability of red blood cells(erythrocytes)in blood samples in vitro.In ektacytometer,a flow of highly diluted suspension of erythrocytes in variable shear stress conditions is iluninated with a laser beam to obtain a diffraction pattern.The diffraction pattern provides information about the shapes(shear induced elongations)of the cells under investigation.This paper is dedicated to developing the technique of laser ektacytometry s0 that it would enable one to measure the distrilbution of the erythrocytes in deformability.We discuss the problem of calibration of laser elktacytometer and test a novel data processing algorithm allowing to determine the parameters of the distribution of ery-throcytes deformability.Experimentally,we examined 12 specimens of blood of rats under the action of 4 shear stresses.Analysis of the data shows that in conditions of a limited range of digitizing the diffraction patterns,the measurement errors for the mean deformability,deform-ability scatter and the skewness of erythrocytes distribution in deformability by our method are respectively 15%,20%and 20%.

黄芪注射液改善脑梗死病人红细胞流变性剂量效应的观察

目的 :探讨黄芪对脑梗死病人红细胞流变行为影响的剂量 效应关系。方法 :脑梗死病人 60例 ,分为 4组 (各 15例 )。在常规治疗的基础上 ,各组每日分别加用黄芪注射液 10 ,2 0 ,3 0 ,40mL ,iv ,gtt× 10d。测定治疗前后病人红细胞变形、聚集指数的变化及病情变化。结果 :与 10mL组比较 ,2 0mL组各项指数P >0 .0 5 ,3 0 ,40mL组红细胞变形指数分别为 0 .9± 0 .3 ,0 .9± 0 .3 ,较治疗前显著升高 (P <0 .0 1)、聚集指数分别为 (2 .0± 0 .3 ,2 .0±0 .4) ,较治疗前显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,临床总有效率均为 93 %较 10 ,2 0mL组 (分别为 60 % ,67% )显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。 3 0mL组和 40mL组间各项指标均无显著差异。结论 :黄芪对脑梗死病人红细胞流变性的影响存在着剂量 效应关系 ,每日静脉滴注黄芪注射液 3 0mL最为适宜。

大强度训练及恢复后大鼠红细胞变形能力和红细胞膜蛋白的变化

目的 :探讨运动对红细胞变形性和红细胞膜蛋白的影响及其相互关系。方法 :设计不同强度的训练方案 ,用激光衍射法测定红细胞变形能力 ,用SDS PAGE方法测定一定体积大鼠红细胞膜中的重要蛋白带 3蛋白 (band 3)和肌动蛋白 (actin)的含量 ,研究运动即刻和恢复后红细胞变形性及膜蛋白的变化。结果 :长期的运动训练会促进大鼠红细胞变形能力的改善和红细胞膜band 3蛋白和actin的良好发展 ,一次大强度训练会引起红细胞膜band 3蛋白和actin含量的减少 ,大鼠红细胞变形能力降低 ,一周和二周的大强度训练会提高恢复期大鼠红细胞的变形能力和红细胞膜band 3蛋白和actin含量。结论 :运动训练造成的红细胞膜蛋白含量的变化 ,导致了红细胞膜结构的改变 ,从而影响红细胞变形能力 ,可能是训练对红细胞变形能力的作用机制之一。

大鼠力竭运动诱导的氧化应激损伤对红细胞变形性的影响

目的:探讨一次性力竭运动诱导的氧化应激反应对大鼠红细胞的抗氧化能力和细胞变形性的影响。方法:大鼠分为3组(n=10):对照组(Control)、适度运动组(MRE)和力竭运动组(ERE)。力竭运动组大鼠运动的前20 min保持5%的坡度和20 m/min的速度,20 min后调整为15%的坡度和25 m/min的速度,直至运动力竭。适度运动组大鼠在5%的坡度和20 m/min的速度下跑40 min。检测各组大鼠红细胞的抗氧化能力,并对氧化应激反应诱导的红细胞膜蛋白巯基水平、膜脂质过氧化水平和膜蛋白SDS-Page电泳条带变化进行了分析。通过激光衍射法对不同运动组大鼠红细胞变形性进行了检测。结果:力竭运动条件下大鼠红细胞受到严重的氧化应激损伤,红细胞内抗氧化能力下降。导致膜脂质过氧化损伤和膜蛋白巯基交联为主的蛋白聚簇化,形成高分子聚合物(HMW)。力竭组大鼠红细胞变形性(0.314±0.013 at 3 Pa and 0.534±0.009 at 30 Pa)显著低于对照组(0.41±0.01 at 3 Pa and 0.571±0.008 at 30 Pa;P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively)和适度运动组。结论:力竭运动诱导的氧化损伤导致了红细胞变形能力(EI)的显著下降,使红细胞在微循环的转运受到限制,导致组织缺血缺氧进而引起休克、死亡等运动性疾病。

75%VO_2max强度有氧运动对红细胞形态及功能的影响

观察75%VO2max强度有氧运动后人体红细胞形态及变形、积聚能力的变化。在受试者以75%VO2max强度蹬功率自行车1小时后,采其静脉血测定红细胞压积(Hct)、红细胞变形指数(TK)、聚集指数(RCA);扫描电镜(SEM)下观察红细胞形态变化。测出运动后红细胞压积、变形指数、聚集指数显著增高;红细胞形态由双凹圆盘状变为单侧凹陷边缘肿胀的Ⅰ型口形红细胞或凹陷加深另一侧隆起似礼帽状的Ⅱ型口形红细胞。认为75%VO2max强度有氧运动可使血管内红细胞聚集性增大,压积增高,红细胞失去正常形态,变形能力下降,从而影响其正常的携带氧气和二氧化碳的功能,导致有氧运动能力下降。

缺血性中风红细胞变形能力与膜微粘度及膜生化改变的相关性研究

本文通过对脑梗塞患者及健康对照者进行红细胞变形能力与红细胞膜微粘度及膜生化成份的测定,发现两组有显著差异,且患者组红细胞变形能力与膜微粘度、胆固醇/磷脂比值、膜脂质过氧化物含量呈显著负相关,与膜唾液酸含量呈显著正相关,按影响程度大小排列依次为膜微粘度、脂质过氧化物含量、唾液酸、胆固醇/磷脂比值。

切变流场中红细胞取向与变形行为的研究

用新型激光衍射仪研究了不同粘度的切变流场中ＤＩ、（ＤＩ）ｄ、（ＤＩ）ｏｒ随流场切变率的变化，结果表明：１．在切应力τ＝０．２Ｎ／Ｍ２附近，ＲＢＣ从‘Ｃ＝０’轨道取向向‘Ｃ＝∞’过渡。２．（ＤＩ）ｄ在不同粘度的悬浮介质中对切交率的依赖关系不同，存在一临界形度，当悬浮介质的粘度小于该值时，由于ＲＢＣ的翻滚会出现ＤＩ＝０的现象。３ＲＢＣ群体由稳定的坦克履带式运动概型向混乱的翻滚运动概型转化的过程中，存在一能量转化的过渡过程。

一氧化氮对库血红细胞变形性的影响特征之探讨

目的研究不同浓度的一氧化氮(NO)对库血储存期内不同时间段红细胞变形性的影响特征。方法血样来源于10个健康人,在储存的不同时相分别与4种不同浓度NO供体——硝普钠(SNP)一起孵育,SNP浓度分别为1、5、10、50μM。孵育后测定不同时相的库血红细胞的变形指数、聚集指数、刚性指数等。结果储存期内的库血红细胞变形性和聚集性随着时间延长而下降,刚性指数逐渐变大。当SNP浓度为5μM时,储存7d之内库血红细胞变形性有明显改善;当SNP浓度为10μM时,则能明显改善储存超过7d的库血红细胞变形性。高于上述浓度的NO会损伤相应储存时段的库血红细胞变形性。NO对红细胞聚集性没有明显影响。结论NO能明显地影响库血红细胞的变形性,对红细胞变形性的调节具有双相性作用,并存在浓度依赖性。通过补充相应浓度的NO,可以明显改善库血的储存质量。

肢体缺血再灌注后红细胞变形能力的改变及其缺血预适应的保护作用

目的和方法 :在家兔肢体缺血再灌注 (I/R)损伤模型上观察缺血预适应 (PC )对红细胞变形性的影响 ,并探讨其可能机理。结果 :家兔肢体I/R后RBC变形能力明显降低 ,PC可以减轻I/R引起RBC变形性的改变 ,即RBC最大变形指数 (DI) max、积分变形指数IDI与对照组相比都未见显著差异 ;并抑制脂质过氧化的发生。结论 :PC对家兔I/R红细胞膜有保护作用。

泽泻对Lewis肺癌自发性转移的抑制作用及其机制研究

目的 研究泽泻对 L ewis肺癌自发性转移的影响及其可能机制。方法 以 Lewis肺癌自发性转移为模型 ,测定泽泻对瘤重指数、转移灶数的影响及其转移抑制率。用激光衍射法和微压积管法测定红细胞的变形指数及比容。双相凝胶电泳分析给药后小鼠血清蛋白质组变化。结果 泽泻 10 ,2 0 g/(kg· d)连续给药 2 0 d均可使肺中的转移灶数明显减少 ,其转移抑制率分别为 5 6.92 %和 88.82 %。荷瘤小鼠红细胞变形指数及比容明显降低 ,泽泻对其无明显改善。泽泻可使荷瘤小鼠的血清蛋白成分发生显著变化。结论 泽泻可显著抑制 Lewis肺癌的自发性转移 ,其机制可能与血清中某些蛋白成分的改变有关。