Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varyin...Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics. Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Clostfidium butyricum （C. butyficum） on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Eschefichia coli （E. coil） K88. Methods： The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days. Negative control treatment （NC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E. coil K88 challenge and positive control treatment （PC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coil K88. C. buO/ricum probiotic treatment （CB） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2 x 107 cfu C. buO/ricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment （CS） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Results： The body weight （BW） and average day gain （ADG） in the broilers of CB group were higher （P 〈 0.05） than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge. The birds in CB treatment had higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） at 3 and 7 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of interleukin-4 （IL-4） at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group. The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower （P 〈 0.05） at 21 d post-challenge, and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower （P 〈 0.05） at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds. Birds in CB treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） jejunum villi height than those in PC, NC, or CS treatment at 7, 14, and 21 d post-challenge. In comparison to PC birds, the CB birds had lower （P 〈 0.05） jejunum crypt depth during the whole experiment. The birds in CB or CS treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） activities of amylase and protease at 3, 7, and 14 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） activity of lipase at 3, 7 d post-challenge than PC birds.展开更多
Background： Dietary nucleotides, considered as antibiotics alternative, were shown to have positive effects on intestinal hyperaemia, systemic immunity, small-intestinal growth, and hepatic composition in pigs. Howev...Background： Dietary nucleotides, considered as antibiotics alternative, were shown to have positive effects on intestinal hyperaemia, systemic immunity, small-intestinal growth, and hepatic composition in pigs. However, there is no previous research on nucleotide supplementation in weanling pigs under an oral challenged E. coil K88. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary nucleotides on weanling pig growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and blood profile after being orally challenged with E. coli K88. Methods： In Exp. 1, a total of 140 weanling pigs [8.33 ± 0.33 kg of body weight （BW）, 28-d old] were used in this 42-d feeding trial. Pigs were distributed into 1 of 4 treatments, 5 pigs/pen （3 barrows and 2 gilts） and 7 pens/treatment. Treatments were a control basal diet （CON） or the CON supplemented with 150 （R150）, 220 （R220）, or 275 （R275） mg/kg to give the three treatment diets. In Exp. 2, 28 weanling pigs （BW = 8.40 ± 0.22 kg, 28-d old） were distributed into 1 of 4 treatments to give 1 pig/pen and 7 pens/treatment in a 42-d feeding and challenge trial. Dietary treatments were the same as in Exp. 1. 0n d 14, all those pigs （BW= 13.3±0.15 kg, 42-d old） were orally dosed with 1.5 mL suspension containing 10 cfu/mL of E. coli K88. Twenty four hours after challenge, blood and excreta samples were collected from each pigs for analysis. Fecal scores were measured on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the study. Results： In Exp. 1, overall BW, average daily gain （ADG）, gain/feed （G/F） ratio, and nutrient digestibilities were lower （P 〈 0.05） in CON group compared with the nucleotides fed pigs. In Exp. 2, after challenge, IgA, IgM, and IGF-I were higher （P〈 0.05） in the nucleotide groups compared with CON. However, the nucleotide groups had lower （P 〈 0.05） cortisol and TNF-o compared with CON. Fecal E. coil counts and fecal score for the nucleotide groups were lower （P 〈 0.05） than for CON. Conclusions： In conclusion, dietary nucleotides supplementation could improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune status, microbial balance, reduce diarrhea, and provide protection against enterotoxigenic E. coli K88 infection in weanling pigs.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets chal...Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88(ETEC).A total of 961-day-old sow-reared piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 48 piglets in each group.The piglets were from 16 litters(6 piglets each litter),and 3 piglets each litter were allocated to the E.faecium-supplemented(PRO)group,while the other 3 piglets were allocated to the control(CON)group.After colostrum intake,piglets in the PRO group were orally administrated with 3×10~9 CFU E.faecium per day for a period of one week.On day 8,one piglet per litter from each group was challenged(CON+ETEC,PRO+ETEC)or not(CON-ETEC,PRO-ETEC)with ETEC in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.On day 10(2 days after challenge),blood and tissue samples were obtained from piglets.Results:Before ETEC challenge,there were no significant differences for the average daily gain(ADG)and fecal score between the two groups of piglets.After ETEC challenge,the challenged piglets had greater fecal score compared to the non-challenged piglets,whereas E.faecium administration was able to decrease the fecal score.Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height,deeper crypt depth,and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased m RNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum,whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes,concentrations of IL-1βin the plasma and TNF-αin the ileal mucosa,as well as increased the m RNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue.These deleterious effects caused by ETEC were partly alleviated by feeding E.faecium.In addition,piglets in PRO-ETEC group had decreased the percentage of CD8^+T cells of the peripheral blood when compared to those in CON-ETEC group.Moreover,E.faecium administration increased Verrucomicrobia at phylum level and decreased Bilophila at genus level.Conclusions:These results suggest that oral administration of E.faecium alleviated the intestinal injury and diarrhea severity of neonatal piglets challenged by ETEC,partly through improving the intestinal microbiota and immune response.This offers a potential strategy of dietary intervention against intestinal impairment by ETEC in neonatal piglets.展开更多
Casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk with multiple functions. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of CGMP as a potential feed additive on growth performance,intestinal mor...Casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk with multiple functions. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of CGMP as a potential feed additive on growth performance,intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier permeability and inflammatory responses of Escherichia coli K88(E. coli K88) challenged piglets. Eighteen weaning piglets were randomly assigned to three groups.Control group and K88 challenged group received a basal diet, and CGMP treated group received the basal diet supplemented with 1% of CGMP powder. The trail lasted for 12 days, K88 was orally administered to the piglets of K88 challenged group and CGMP treated group on days 8-10. The results showed that the diet containing 1% CGMP significantly alleviated the decrease in average daily gain(P <0.05),increase in pathogenic bacteria amounts in intestinal contents(P < 0.05), intestinal morphology(P > 0.05) and barrier permeability damage(P < 0.05), and acute inflammatory response(P < 0.05)induced by E. coli K88 infection. In conclusion, CGMP supplementation in the diet protected the weaning piglets against E. coli K88 infection.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chitosan oligosaccharide(COS) and a microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 probiotic(PRO) on growth performance and diarrhea incidences in ent...The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chitosan oligosaccharide(COS) and a microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 probiotic(PRO) on growth performance and diarrhea incidences in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) K88^+ challenged piglets in a 14-d study. Thirty piglets,7.19 ± 0.52 kg initial BW weaned at 21 ± 1 d.were allotted to 5 treatment groups(n = 6)consisting of a corn-soybean meal diet with no additive(negative control, NC), NC + 0.25% chlortetracycline(positive control, PC), NC + 400 mg/kg COS(COS), NC + 100 mg/kg PRO(PRO) and NC + a combination of COS and PRO(CPRO). Pigs were individually housed in cages, acclimated to treatments for a 7-d period and had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study, On d 8, pigs were weighed, blood samples were collected, and then orally challenged with 6 mL(1 ×10^(11) cfu/mL) of freshly grown ETEC inoculum. During post-challenge period, blood was sampled at 24 and 48 h to determine plasma urea nitrogen(PUN), and diarrhea incidences and fecal consistency scores were recorded from d 9 to 12. On d 14, all pigs were weighed and then euthanized to obtain intestinal tissue samples for histomorphometric measurements. Growth performance responses were similar among treatments during the pre-and post-challenge periods. There were no significant differences in PUN content, incidences of diarrhea, and fecal consistency scores among treatments. The intestinal histomorphology results did not differ significantly among treatments except for PC with increased(P = 0.0001) villus:crypt ratio compared with the NC. Under the conditions of the present study, it can be concluded that supplementation of piglet diets with 400 mg/kg COS, 100 mg/kg microencapsulated PRO or their combination did not significantly improve piglet growth performance both during the pre-and post-ETEC K88+ oral inoculation. Also, there were no significant reduction of incidences and severity of diarrhea after challenge compared with the control group.展开更多
探讨连梅止痢中药制剂对大肠埃希菌K88感染的仔猪腹泻的疗效。72头21日龄初始体质量平均为(4.41±0.01)kg的仔猪被分为6组:空白对照组、发病组、低剂量(0.5 m L·kg-1BW)、中剂量(1.0 m L·kg-1BW)、高剂量组(1.5 m L·...探讨连梅止痢中药制剂对大肠埃希菌K88感染的仔猪腹泻的疗效。72头21日龄初始体质量平均为(4.41±0.01)kg的仔猪被分为6组:空白对照组、发病组、低剂量(0.5 m L·kg-1BW)、中剂量(1.0 m L·kg-1BW)、高剂量组(1.5 m L·kg-1BW)及抗生素组(0.2%恩诺沙星2 m L·头-1)。给断奶仔猪灌服一定数量的大肠埃希菌K88建立腹泻模型,利用乌梅、黄连、诃子以及秦皮原料制备的连梅止痢中药制剂(含生药1 g·m L-1)对发病猪进行治疗,观察该中药制剂对腹泻病的疗效。结果表明,该中药制剂对仔猪大肠埃希菌腹泻的治愈率为80%。实时定量PCR检测结果表明,在用药的整个阶段中剂量组仔猪粪便中的大肠埃希菌K88平均数量与发病组相比显著减少(P<0.05),其他剂量组与发病组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。从仔猪肠道形态上观察,抗生素组和中剂量组仔猪肠道组织结构基本完整。经过生存分析发现,中剂量中药制剂与发病组相比能显著提高仔猪生存率(P<0.05)。发病组生存曲线相比其他组的陡峭,而中剂量组的曲线最平缓,中药制剂能降低仔猪的死亡率。展开更多
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2012C14031)Innovative Research Team Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2011R50025)
文摘Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics. Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Clostfidium butyricum （C. butyficum） on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Eschefichia coli （E. coil） K88. Methods： The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days. Negative control treatment （NC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E. coil K88 challenge and positive control treatment （PC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coil K88. C. buO/ricum probiotic treatment （CB） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2 x 107 cfu C. buO/ricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment （CS） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Results： The body weight （BW） and average day gain （ADG） in the broilers of CB group were higher （P 〈 0.05） than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge. The birds in CB treatment had higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） at 3 and 7 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of interleukin-4 （IL-4） at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group. The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower （P 〈 0.05） at 21 d post-challenge, and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower （P 〈 0.05） at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds. Birds in CB treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） jejunum villi height than those in PC, NC, or CS treatment at 7, 14, and 21 d post-challenge. In comparison to PC birds, the CB birds had lower （P 〈 0.05） jejunum crypt depth during the whole experiment. The birds in CB or CS treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） activities of amylase and protease at 3, 7, and 14 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） activity of lipase at 3, 7 d post-challenge than PC birds.
基金supported by Department of Animal Resource & Science,Dankook University
文摘Background： Dietary nucleotides, considered as antibiotics alternative, were shown to have positive effects on intestinal hyperaemia, systemic immunity, small-intestinal growth, and hepatic composition in pigs. However, there is no previous research on nucleotide supplementation in weanling pigs under an oral challenged E. coil K88. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary nucleotides on weanling pig growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and blood profile after being orally challenged with E. coli K88. Methods： In Exp. 1, a total of 140 weanling pigs [8.33 ± 0.33 kg of body weight （BW）, 28-d old] were used in this 42-d feeding trial. Pigs were distributed into 1 of 4 treatments, 5 pigs/pen （3 barrows and 2 gilts） and 7 pens/treatment. Treatments were a control basal diet （CON） or the CON supplemented with 150 （R150）, 220 （R220）, or 275 （R275） mg/kg to give the three treatment diets. In Exp. 2, 28 weanling pigs （BW = 8.40 ± 0.22 kg, 28-d old） were distributed into 1 of 4 treatments to give 1 pig/pen and 7 pens/treatment in a 42-d feeding and challenge trial. Dietary treatments were the same as in Exp. 1. 0n d 14, all those pigs （BW= 13.3±0.15 kg, 42-d old） were orally dosed with 1.5 mL suspension containing 10 cfu/mL of E. coli K88. Twenty four hours after challenge, blood and excreta samples were collected from each pigs for analysis. Fecal scores were measured on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the study. Results： In Exp. 1, overall BW, average daily gain （ADG）, gain/feed （G/F） ratio, and nutrient digestibilities were lower （P 〈 0.05） in CON group compared with the nucleotides fed pigs. In Exp. 2, after challenge, IgA, IgM, and IGF-I were higher （P〈 0.05） in the nucleotide groups compared with CON. However, the nucleotide groups had lower （P 〈 0.05） cortisol and TNF-o compared with CON. Fecal E. coil counts and fecal score for the nucleotide groups were lower （P 〈 0.05） than for CON. Conclusions： In conclusion, dietary nucleotides supplementation could improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune status, microbial balance, reduce diarrhea, and provide protection against enterotoxigenic E. coli K88 infection in weanling pigs.
基金supported by the Projects of The National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2016YFD0501204)Sichuan provincial project on S&T application and demonstration(grant number2016CC0070)the project on commercialization of research findings under funding of government of Sichuan province(grant number16ZHSF0385).
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88(ETEC).A total of 961-day-old sow-reared piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 48 piglets in each group.The piglets were from 16 litters(6 piglets each litter),and 3 piglets each litter were allocated to the E.faecium-supplemented(PRO)group,while the other 3 piglets were allocated to the control(CON)group.After colostrum intake,piglets in the PRO group were orally administrated with 3×10~9 CFU E.faecium per day for a period of one week.On day 8,one piglet per litter from each group was challenged(CON+ETEC,PRO+ETEC)or not(CON-ETEC,PRO-ETEC)with ETEC in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.On day 10(2 days after challenge),blood and tissue samples were obtained from piglets.Results:Before ETEC challenge,there were no significant differences for the average daily gain(ADG)and fecal score between the two groups of piglets.After ETEC challenge,the challenged piglets had greater fecal score compared to the non-challenged piglets,whereas E.faecium administration was able to decrease the fecal score.Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height,deeper crypt depth,and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased m RNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum,whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes,concentrations of IL-1βin the plasma and TNF-αin the ileal mucosa,as well as increased the m RNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue.These deleterious effects caused by ETEC were partly alleviated by feeding E.faecium.In addition,piglets in PRO-ETEC group had decreased the percentage of CD8^+T cells of the peripheral blood when compared to those in CON-ETEC group.Moreover,E.faecium administration increased Verrucomicrobia at phylum level and decreased Bilophila at genus level.Conclusions:These results suggest that oral administration of E.faecium alleviated the intestinal injury and diarrhea severity of neonatal piglets challenged by ETEC,partly through improving the intestinal microbiota and immune response.This offers a potential strategy of dietary intervention against intestinal impairment by ETEC in neonatal piglets.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-36)
文摘Casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk with multiple functions. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of CGMP as a potential feed additive on growth performance,intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier permeability and inflammatory responses of Escherichia coli K88(E. coli K88) challenged piglets. Eighteen weaning piglets were randomly assigned to three groups.Control group and K88 challenged group received a basal diet, and CGMP treated group received the basal diet supplemented with 1% of CGMP powder. The trail lasted for 12 days, K88 was orally administered to the piglets of K88 challenged group and CGMP treated group on days 8-10. The results showed that the diet containing 1% CGMP significantly alleviated the decrease in average daily gain(P <0.05),increase in pathogenic bacteria amounts in intestinal contents(P < 0.05), intestinal morphology(P > 0.05) and barrier permeability damage(P < 0.05), and acute inflammatory response(P < 0.05)induced by E. coli K88 infection. In conclusion, CGMP supplementation in the diet protected the weaning piglets against E. coli K88 infection.
基金funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Manitoba Pork Council
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chitosan oligosaccharide(COS) and a microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 probiotic(PRO) on growth performance and diarrhea incidences in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) K88^+ challenged piglets in a 14-d study. Thirty piglets,7.19 ± 0.52 kg initial BW weaned at 21 ± 1 d.were allotted to 5 treatment groups(n = 6)consisting of a corn-soybean meal diet with no additive(negative control, NC), NC + 0.25% chlortetracycline(positive control, PC), NC + 400 mg/kg COS(COS), NC + 100 mg/kg PRO(PRO) and NC + a combination of COS and PRO(CPRO). Pigs were individually housed in cages, acclimated to treatments for a 7-d period and had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study, On d 8, pigs were weighed, blood samples were collected, and then orally challenged with 6 mL(1 ×10^(11) cfu/mL) of freshly grown ETEC inoculum. During post-challenge period, blood was sampled at 24 and 48 h to determine plasma urea nitrogen(PUN), and diarrhea incidences and fecal consistency scores were recorded from d 9 to 12. On d 14, all pigs were weighed and then euthanized to obtain intestinal tissue samples for histomorphometric measurements. Growth performance responses were similar among treatments during the pre-and post-challenge periods. There were no significant differences in PUN content, incidences of diarrhea, and fecal consistency scores among treatments. The intestinal histomorphology results did not differ significantly among treatments except for PC with increased(P = 0.0001) villus:crypt ratio compared with the NC. Under the conditions of the present study, it can be concluded that supplementation of piglet diets with 400 mg/kg COS, 100 mg/kg microencapsulated PRO or their combination did not significantly improve piglet growth performance both during the pre-and post-ETEC K88+ oral inoculation. Also, there were no significant reduction of incidences and severity of diarrhea after challenge compared with the control group.
文摘探讨连梅止痢中药制剂对大肠埃希菌K88感染的仔猪腹泻的疗效。72头21日龄初始体质量平均为(4.41±0.01)kg的仔猪被分为6组:空白对照组、发病组、低剂量(0.5 m L·kg-1BW)、中剂量(1.0 m L·kg-1BW)、高剂量组(1.5 m L·kg-1BW)及抗生素组(0.2%恩诺沙星2 m L·头-1)。给断奶仔猪灌服一定数量的大肠埃希菌K88建立腹泻模型,利用乌梅、黄连、诃子以及秦皮原料制备的连梅止痢中药制剂(含生药1 g·m L-1)对发病猪进行治疗,观察该中药制剂对腹泻病的疗效。结果表明,该中药制剂对仔猪大肠埃希菌腹泻的治愈率为80%。实时定量PCR检测结果表明,在用药的整个阶段中剂量组仔猪粪便中的大肠埃希菌K88平均数量与发病组相比显著减少(P<0.05),其他剂量组与发病组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。从仔猪肠道形态上观察,抗生素组和中剂量组仔猪肠道组织结构基本完整。经过生存分析发现,中剂量中药制剂与发病组相比能显著提高仔猪生存率(P<0.05)。发病组生存曲线相比其他组的陡峭,而中剂量组的曲线最平缓,中药制剂能降低仔猪的死亡率。
