Pathogenic contribution of cholesteryl ester accumulation in the brain to neurodegenerative disorders

Cholesteryl esters(CEs) have been increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease(AD).Alois Alzheimer noted three prominent neuropathologic features in his original analysis of the AD brain:senile plaques,neurofibrillary tangles,and lipid granule accumulation.Senile plaques,which are aggregates of amyloid-beta(Aβ),and neurofibrillary tangles,which are aggregates of phosphorylated tau,have been regarded as more consistent characteristics of the AD brain compared with lipid granule accumulation and thus have been studied more intensively(Foley,2010).

Research progress on classification,source,application of phytosterol esters,and their thermal oxidation stability

Phytosterol esters can effectively decrease serum cholesterol concentration in the human body and prevent cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.It was found that phytosterol esters exhibited better solubility and bioavailability than free phytosterols.In recent years,phytosterol esters have attracted increasing attention.However,during food processing,phytosterol esters are susceptible to degradation at high temperatures,resulting in certain losses and formation of potentially harmful substances for humans.This paper reviews the relevant literatures and updates on the thermal oxidation stability of phytosterol esters in recent years from the following aspects:(i)Sources,physiological activities,and applications of phytosterol esters;(ii)Oxidation mechanism of phytosterol esters;(iii)Effects of phytosterols species,the volume of addition,food matrix,heating temperature and time,and antioxidants on the thermal loss and oxidation stability of phytosterol esters.The research progress on the safety of phytosterol esters is also discussed in detail.Additionally,the prospects for future research are highlighted.

Study on the regulatory effect of liver X receptor in HEK293 cells by six main diterpene esters in Semen Euphorbiae

Background:To study the effects of the main diterpene esters in Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)on the transcriptional activity and protein expression of liver X receptor(LXR).Methods:The effect of the main diterpene ester components in Semen Euphorbiae on the viability of HEK293 cells were studied by MTT assay.The LXR-Luc plasmid vector was transfected into HEK293 cells and treated with Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)for 24 h.The effect of the main diterpene ester components of Semen Euphorbiae on LXR-Luc luciferase activity was investigated by dual luciferase reporter gene system,and the expression of LXRαprotein was detected by Western Blot.Results:Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)could significantly reduce the relative luciferase activity(RLU)of LXRα,and the expression level of LXRαprotein was significantly down-regulated.Conclusion:Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)can inhibit the expression of LXR protein level,which may be achieved by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of LXR.

Effects of L-lysine·H2SO4 product on the intestinal morphology and liver pathology using broiler model

Background: Lysine is used widely in livestock production due to the shortage of feed protein resources.Llysine·H2SO4 contains L-lysine sulphate as well as fermentation co-products which contain other amino acids and phosphorus.However,there are few articles about L-lysine·H2SO4 product regarding intestinal morphology and liver pathology of broiler chickens.In this article,we focus on the absorption and metabolism of L-lysine·H2SO4 revealed in the variation of intestinal morphology and liver pathology to determine the tolerance of chicks for L-lysine·H2SO4.Methods: To evaluate the tolerance of broilers for L-lysine·H2SO4,240 one day old broilers were allocated randomly to one of five dietary treatments which included corn-soybean diets containing 0,1%,4%,7% or 10% L-lysine·H2SO4(L-lysine content = 55%).Results: Supplementation of 1% L-lysine·H2SO4 in the diet had no negative effects.However,4%,7% or 10% Llysine·H2SO4 supplementation produced negative responses on broiler performance,carcass characteristics,blood biochemistry,and particularly on intestinal morphology and liver pathology compared with broilers fed the control diet.Conclusion: Our results show that supplementation with 1% L-lysine·H2SO4 had no negative effects on performance,carcass characteristics,blood biochemistry,intestinal morphology and liver pathology in broilers,but supplementation with 4%,7% or 10% L-lysine·H2SO4 produced a negative response,particularly with respect to intestinal morphology and liver pathology.

Escherichia coli Protoplast Fusion and Screening of High L-Lysine-Producing Strain

[Objectives]Protoplast fusion of two parental strains with weak L-lysine production ability was carried out to obtain new fusion strains with strong L-lysine production ability.[Methods]The effects of bacterial age,lysozyme concentration,enzymolysis temperature and time on the protoplast formation rate and regeneration rate were investigated by single factor experiments.On this basis,with the protoplast formation rate as an index,the protoplast preparation process was optimized by an orthogonal experiment.[Results]Bacterial age and enzymolysis time had a greater impact on the protoplast formation rate,followed by enzymolysis temperature and lysozyme concentration.The optimal process for the preparation of L-lysine-producing Escherichia coli protoplasts was to prepare parental protoplasts from bacterial cells cultured for 15 h in the late logarithmic growth phase by enzymolysis with 0.8 mg/ml lysozyme at 37℃for 180 min and promote fusion with PEG6000.In order to facilitate the screening of fusion protoplasts,the empty plasmids p ET-28a and p ET-Duet were transformed into L-lysine-producing E.coli,respectively,and strains p ET-28a-lys01 and p ET-Duet-lys01 were obtained.Fusion strains were then obtained through protoplast fusion.Double-resistance KA1-10were screened on plates containing kanamycin and ampicillin,and a high-yielding fusion strain KA8,which produced L-lysine,was screened by fermentation experiments finally.[Conclusions]The results of this study provide a reference method for further improving the yield of L-lysine and other amino acid strains.

Effect of L-lysine in culture medium on nodule formation by bone marrow cells

The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of L-lysine on nodule formation by rat bone marrow cells in vitro. In this study, L-lysine was added to medium for mesenchymal stem cell culture to promote proliferation and differentiation of the cells, and then nodule formation was estimated in an in vitro rat bone marrow cell culture. Bone marrow cells from the bone shafts of the femora of Fischer 344 rats were cultured in minimum essential medium with 20 μl of L-lysine solution at 10﹣4, 10﹣5, 10﹣6, 10﹣7 or 10﹣8 M. Dexamethasone was also added to the medium at 10 nM for differentiation of stem cells from bone marrow into osteoblast progenitor cells. The subculture was performed for 2 weeks. The quantity of osteocalcin in rat bone marrow cell culture with dexamethasone was 392 ng/ml. In the medium with dexamethasone and 10﹣8 M L-lysine, the quantity of osteocalcin was 437 ng/ml. Nodules only formed upon addition of 20 μl of L-lysine at 10﹣8 M. It was indicated that 10﹣8 M L-lysine should be the optimal concentration for calcification. For nodule formation by rat bone marrow cells in vitro, the optimum concentration of L-lysine in culture medium might be 20 μl of 10﹣8 M. L-lysine could play an important role in matrix production for bone formation in vitro.

Dissolution of highly molecular weight cellulose isolated from wheat straw in deep eutectic solvent of Choline/L-Lysine hydrochloride

Green solvents for cellulose dissolution is a key topic for green chemistry,especially natural cellulose with high molecular weight,and there are scarce solvents reported.Deep eutectic solvent(DES)is a typical kind of green solvent that has been attracted much attention recently.Here,high molecular weight natural cellulose(DP>3000)was first isolated from wheat straw and then be directly dissolved in the choline/L-lysine(Ch/Lys)DES.The solution owns excellent stability,and the solubility reaches^5%.Rheological studies revealed that the natural cellulose can be well dispersed in the DES solution and showed gelation at high concentrations.The dissolved cellulose can be regenerated when the dilute acid aqueous solution was added into the solution.It provides an energy conversation and an environmentally friendly route to prepare a cellulose solution,which makes it possible to convert cellulose to valuable chemicals and materials in its homogeneous solution.

A NEW BIFUNCTIONAL CHELATING AGENT α,ε-N,N'-BIS(L-CYSTEINYL)-L-LYSINE FOR RADIOLABELLING OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH TECHNETIUM-99M

α,ε-N,N'-bis(L-cysteinyl)-L-lysine was synthesized and char- acterized for the first time.It was then employed as a bifunctional chelating agent to chelate technetium-99m and subsequently conjugated to fragment F(ab')_2 of anti-gastric tumor monoclonal antibody 3G9.The radiolabelled antibody was satisfactorily stable and immunoreactive.

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in aquaculture farms and natural water bodies adjacent to the Huanghe River delta

To date,little attention has been paid to the effects of organophosphate esters(OPEs)pollution on aquacultural environment and aquatic product safety.Huanghe(Yellow)River delta area is one of the largest aquaculture centers in China,where ecological security protection is crucial in the national strategy of China.To explore the pollution characteristics,bioaccumulation,and health risks of OPEs in aquaculture farms in the Huanghe River delta and natural water bodies in the adjacent seas,five species of organisms from different farm types nearby the Huanghe River delta,and the corresponding culture water and sediments were sampled in this study.The total concentrations of Σ_(13)OPEs in water,sediments,and organisms were 51.53-272.18 ng/L,52.63-63.17 ng/g dry weight(dw),and 46.82-108.90 ng/g dw,respectively.Among the five types of culture ponds,the water samples from the swimming crab and hairy crab culture ponds exhibited higher OPEs,the concentration of OPEs in the sediments from the few ponds was relatively balanced,and the OPEs in the organism from the holothurian ponds was higher.Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl pho sphate)(TDCP)was the main contaminant in water samples and tripropyl phosphate(TPrP)in sediments and organisms.However,trisphenyl phosphate(TPhP)showed the strongest bioaccumulation ability,followed by 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP)and TPrP.The bioaccumulation capacities of the five species were as follows:prawn>holothurian>hairy crab>swimming crab>carp.These five types of organisms,as main seafood in human consumption,were at low risk of negative impacts of pollution.However,the risk from the mixture of organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)still requires more attention due to the increasing consumption and production in the world.

Breakdown Voltage Prediction by Utilizing the Behavior of Natural Ester for Transformer Applications

This research investigates the dielectric performance of Natural Ester(NE)using the Partial Differential Equation(PDE)tool and analyzes dielectric performance using fuzzy logic.NE nowadays is found to replace Mineral Oil(MO)due to its extensive dielectric properties.Here,the heat-tolerant Natural Esters Olive oil(NE1),Sunflower oil(NE2),and Ricebran oil(NE3)are subjected to High Voltage AC(HVAC)under different electrodes configurations.The break-down voltage and leakage current of NE1,NE2,and NE3 under Point-Point(P-P),Sphere-Sphere(S-S),Plane-Plane(PL-PL),and Rod-Rod(R-R)are measured,and survival probability is presented.The electricfield distribution is analyzed using the Partial Differential Equation(PDE)tool.NE shows better HVAC with stand capacity under all the electrodes configuration,especially in the S-S shape geometry.The exponential function is developed for the oils under different elec-trode geometry;NE shows a higher survival probability.Likewise,the most influ-ential dielectric properties such as breakdown voltage,kinematic viscosity,and water content are used to develop a Mamdani-based control system model that combines two variables to produce the surface model.The surface model indi-cates that the NE subjected for investigation is less susceptible to moisture effect and higher kinematic viscosity.Based on the surface models of PDE and fuzzy,it is concluded that NE possesses a high survival rate since its breakdown voltage does not react to changes in water content.Hence the application of NE in the transformer application is highly safe and possesses extended life.

Adsorption of Phthalic Acid Esters by Humic Acid and Its Research Progress

Humic acid is rich in highly electronegative oxygen-containing organic functional groups,so it has high reactivity and can adsorb phthalic acid ester(PAEs)in the environment to reduce the risk of environmental pollution from PAEs.In this paper,the extraction,characterization and adsorption models of humic acid were reviewed,and the research status of adsorption of PAEs by humic acid was further summarized.Based on these,the feasibility and observable application prospect of humic acid as a cheap adsorbent were analyzed.

白肋烟中糖酯类化合物的分离与鉴定

烟草中糖酯类化合物是重要的致香前体物,对烟叶的品质具有重要影响。但目前还未见关于白肋烟烟叶中糖酯类化合物的分离分析研究。本实验利用高分辨液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MSn)技术,从白肋烟叶提取物中共分离鉴定出4类蔗糖酯和2类葡萄糖酯,每类均包含多种同系物。其中,4种蔗糖酯为首次发现,8种葡萄糖酯的结构鉴定在栽培烟草中为首次报道。本研究丰富了烟草中糖酯类化合物的种类,对烟草中不同类型蔗糖酯和葡萄糖酯的分析鉴定和代谢研究具有参考意义。

邻苯二甲酸酯降解功能内生菌群的筛选及定殖效能

为降低邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染作物对人体健康的威胁,从PAEs污染蔬菜中富集驯化具有PAEs降解高效性和广谱性的功能内生菌群,解析菌群群落组成并优化其降解条件,借助水培体系研究了功能内生菌群在作物体内的定殖效能.高通量测序结果表明,从门的分类水平看,菌群主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria,76.57%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,21.04%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,2.37%)组成;从属的分类水平看,菌群主要由鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium,33.03%)、代尔夫特菌属(Delftia,40.61%)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,11.70%)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter,3.04%)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium,6.90%)组成.在无机盐纯培养体系中,该菌群在7d内对5mg/L的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)降解率分别为97.08%、94.47%、98.02%和44.82%.单因素试验结果表明,菌群降解PAEs的最佳条件为:pH值7、25℃、盐度1%、底物浓度5mg/L.水稻水培试验表明,菌群可以定殖到水稻体内并有效促进PAEs的去除,与对照组相比,处理15d后水稻体内DMP、DEP、DBP和∑PAEs含量分别降低了41.09%、45.33%、63.06%和32.3%.菌群的定殖还能够提高水稻根长、株高和生物量,促进水稻的生长.该菌群在降低作物PAEs积累、保障PAEs污染地区农产品质量安全方面具有良好的应用前景,能有效降低作物PAEs污染对人体健康的威胁.

独一味化学成分和药理作用的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

独一味Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo为藏族习用药材,药用部位为干燥地上部分。现代研究表明,独一味主要含有环烯醚萜苷类、苯乙醇苷类、黄酮类、挥发油类等化学成分,具有镇痛、止血、抗菌、抗炎、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等药理作用。在对独一味化学成分及药理作用总结的基础上,结合其质量研究现状,从药性、功效、成分可测性、药动学等方面对其质量标志物(Q-marker)进行预测,槲皮素、芹菜素、山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯、胡麻属苷、连翘酯苷B、木犀草苷、马钱苷等成分可作为独一味的主要Q-marker,以期为独一味产品开发研究及质量标准的合理建立提供参考。

白酒酿造微生物酯化酶的研究进展

酯化酶是一类具有催化酯类物质合成活性的酶类。广义上的酯化酶被广泛应用于食品,化工,医药、军工及环保等领域中。白酒酿造微生物酯酶在白酒发酵生香过程中具有重要作用,其代谢产生的乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯和己酸乙酯等酯类物质是中国白酒最为重要的风味物质。因此,深入研究中国白酒酿酒微生物酯化酶,对提高白酒优质品率、提升酿酒原料利用率具有重要意义。从微生物酯化酶的来源、特性、分子进化以及在白酒酿造中的应用进行了综述,旨在为中国白酒微生物资源的深入研究和发掘提供一定的思路。

农田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯降解功能细菌及其应用

本文综述了我国农田土壤PAEs污染特征,重点概述了PAEs降解功能菌株筛选、菌群构建及其应用策略.详细分析了细菌介导的PAEs降解的水解和开环裂解两个途径及参与其中的关键功能基因和酶,讨论了PAEs降解功能细菌在污染土壤中的应用、影响因素及可能存在的问题,并对该技术在消减农田土壤PAEs污染中的应用进行展望,以期为我国PAEs污染农田土壤功能细菌修复及农业生产安全提供理论和技术参考.

吗替麦考酚酯联合泼尼松对IgA肾病患者尿β2-MG、U-mAlb及α1-MG水平的影响

目的 观察吗替麦考酚酯联合泼尼松治疗免疫球蛋白A(IgA)肾病对患者尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿微量白蛋白(U-mAlb)及尿液α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)水平的影响。方法 选取秦皇岛市第一医院肾内科2019年1月至2022年1月收治的89例IgA肾病患者为研究对象,采用信封随机法分为泼尼松组(n=43)和联合组(n=46)。泼尼松组给予常规治疗联合小剂量泼尼松治疗,联合组在泼尼松组基础上联合吗替麦考酚酯治疗。比较两组尿β2-MG、U-mAlb、α1-MG、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)及尿足细胞蛋白的水平,检测两组肾功能、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、转化生长因子-α(TGF-α)、血尿酸、血红蛋白的差异,统计两组疗效。结果 治疗后,两组尿液β2-MG、U-mAlb、α1-MG、NAG下降,且联合组低于泼尼松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组尿NPHS1蛋白、Podocin蛋白下降,且联合组低于泼尼松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组VEGF、TGF-β1、TGF-α下降,且联合组低于泼尼松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组Scr、BUN、24hU-TP、eGFR下降,且联合组24hU-TP、e GFR下降后水平低于泼尼松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 吗替麦考酚酯联合小剂量泼尼松治疗IgA肾病可保护患者足细胞,减轻肾损伤,提高疗效。

脯氨酸丹参素冰片酯对小鼠中枢神经系统的一般药理学研究

目的 考察脯氨酸丹参素冰片酯对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响。方法 将小鼠随机分为对照组和脯氨酸丹参素冰片酯大剂量(120 mg/kg)、中剂量(60 mg/kg)、小剂量(30 mg/kg)给药组,每组10只,雌雄各半,灌胃给药后考察对小鼠自主活动、协同睡眠、协调运动能力和镇痛的作用。结果 与对照组相比,脯氨酸丹参素冰片酯对小鼠自主活、协同睡眠、协调运动能力和镇痛方面无显著影响。结论 脯氨酸丹参素冰片酯对小鼠中枢神经系统无明显影响,在药效有效剂量范围内安全性较好。

丙烯酸硅烷酯柔性自抛光防污涂料制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸三异丙基硅酯为单体,制备了丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂,将其与韧性树脂(液态聚丁二烯)共同作为成膜共混树脂,并以Cu_(2)O作为主要防污剂组分、吡啶硫酮铜(CuPT)和代森锌(Zineb)为辅助有机防污剂组分,配制了柔性自抛光防污涂料。对丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂进行了FTIR表征和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)测定,对成膜共混树脂进行了SEM测试,对柔性自抛光防污涂料进行了柔韧性、附着力、吸水率和防污性能测试。结果表明,丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂的Tg=–20.54℃时,具有较好的物理机械性能;韧性树脂可以作为外增塑手段增加丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂的柔韧性,当m(丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂)∶m(韧性树脂)=7∶3时,成膜共混树脂的相容性最好;柔性自抛光防污涂料柔韧性为1级,在弹性体基材表面附着力达到4.0 MPa;经过60 d测试,吸水率为1.1%~1.2%;浅海浸泡挂板36个月显示出明显的防污效果。

含磷POSS阻燃乙烯基酯树脂性能研究

将含磷POSS(DMPOSS)以5wt%、10wt%和15wt%的添加量添加到乙烯基酯树脂中,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)、锥形量热仪和扫描电镜(SEM)测试研究了DMPOSS对乙烯基酯树脂玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和燃烧性能的影响。DSC测试结果表明:DMPOSS的加入能够明显提升乙烯基酯树脂的玻璃化转变温度。LOI测试结果表明:添加DMPOSS改性的乙烯基酯树脂的氧指数随DMPOSS含量的增加而逐渐升高。当添加15wt%DMPOSS时,乙烯基酯树脂的氧指数达到23.8%。锥形量热仪测试结果表明:DMPOSS的加入能够有效降低乙烯基酯树脂的热释放。当添加15wt%DMPOSS时,乙烯基酯树脂的热释放速率峰值降低了44.9%,总的热释放降低了30.4%。