This paper brings up the issue of a systemic study of the translation of Russian classics into Estonian during the Soviet period. These translations are often considered to be only the result of the ＂Sovietization＂ ...This paper brings up the issue of a systemic study of the translation of Russian classics into Estonian during the Soviet period. These translations are often considered to be only the result of the ＂Sovietization＂ of Estonian culture, but such approach is a simplification. Estonian translations of the Russian classics in the Soviet period, undoubtedly, depended on ideological conditions, but, it is argued here, were to a great extent determined by the mechanisms of cultural self-regulation and displayed continuity with translation strategies that had been established before the occupation, in the 1920s-1930s. In the independent Estonian Republic, a remarkable tradition of the translations of Russian classics existed thanks to the activity of A. H. Tammsaare, F. Tuglas, A. Oras, H. Talvik, B. Alver et al. Estonian translators devoted the particular attention to the text＇s audience--the Estonian readers. The paper explains why in the mid 19S0s Leskov, an ambivalent and diffficult-to-translate writer, was chosen by O. Samma and F. Kylli for the first presentation to the Estonian readers.展开更多
Since Estonia regained its independence,its economy has been developing fast.The society is stable,and there is a very well developed IT industry.The education system need to improve Eco-design as a tool to be used to...Since Estonia regained its independence,its economy has been developing fast.The society is stable,and there is a very well developed IT industry.The education system need to improve Eco-design as a tool to be used to enhance the environmental performance of products in Estonia in order to further ensure the export growth and to improve product quality.Based on the existing literature material and published information the paper researched and analyzed Eco-Design in the present situation of the Estonian college level education.The author made sure to interview and consult related professionals in the field as well.The aim of the study is to gather and evaluate present situation in eco-design and product development in Estonia in order to identify promising strategies for the eco-design concept and to provide advantageous experience and feasibility study on Eco-Design in Estonia.展开更多
Purpose:Changes in the world show that the role,importance,and coherence of SSH(social sciences and the humanities)will increase significantly in the coming years.This paper aims to monitor and analyze the evolution(o...Purpose:Changes in the world show that the role,importance,and coherence of SSH(social sciences and the humanities)will increase significantly in the coming years.This paper aims to monitor and analyze the evolution(or overlapping)of the SSH thematic pattern through three funding instruments since 2007.Design/methodology/approach:The goal of the paper is to check to what extent the EU Framework Program(FP)affects/does not affect research on national level,and to highlight hot topics from a given period with the help of text analysis.Funded project titles and abstracts derived from the EU FP,Slovenian,and Estonian RIS were used.The final analysis and comparisons between different datasets were made based on the 200 most frequent words.After removing punctuation marks,numeric values,articles,prepositions,conjunctions,and auxiliary verbs,4,854 unique words in ETIS,4,421 unique words in the Slovenian Research Information System(SICRIS),and 3,950 unique words in FP were identified.Findings:Across all funding instruments,about a quarter of the top words constitute half of the word occurrences.The text analysis results show that in the majority of cases words do not overlap between FP and nationally funded projects.In some cases,it may be due to using different vocabulary.There is more overlapping between words in the case of Slovenia(SL)and Estonia(EE)and less in the case of Estonia and EU Framework Programmes(FP).At the same time,overlapping words indicate a wider reach(culture,education,social,history,human,innovation,etc.).In nationally funded projects(bottom-up),it was relatively difficult to observe the change in thematic trends over time.More specific results emerged from the comparison of the different programs throughout FP(top-down).Research limitations:Only projects with English titles and abstracts were analyzed.Practical implications:The specifics of SSH have to take into account—the one-to-one meaning of terms/words is not as important as,for example,in the exact sciences.Thus,even in co-word analysis,the final content may go unnoticed.Originality/value:This was the first attempt to monitor the trends of SSH projects using text analysis.The text analysis of the SSH projects of the two new EU Member States used in the study showed that SSH’s thematic coverage is not much affected by the EU Framework Program.Whether this result is field-specific or country-specific should be shown in the following study,which targets SSH projects in the so-called old Member States.展开更多
文摘This paper brings up the issue of a systemic study of the translation of Russian classics into Estonian during the Soviet period. These translations are often considered to be only the result of the ＂Sovietization＂ of Estonian culture, but such approach is a simplification. Estonian translations of the Russian classics in the Soviet period, undoubtedly, depended on ideological conditions, but, it is argued here, were to a great extent determined by the mechanisms of cultural self-regulation and displayed continuity with translation strategies that had been established before the occupation, in the 1920s-1930s. In the independent Estonian Republic, a remarkable tradition of the translations of Russian classics existed thanks to the activity of A. H. Tammsaare, F. Tuglas, A. Oras, H. Talvik, B. Alver et al. Estonian translators devoted the particular attention to the text＇s audience--the Estonian readers. The paper explains why in the mid 19S0s Leskov, an ambivalent and diffficult-to-translate writer, was chosen by O. Samma and F. Kylli for the first presentation to the Estonian readers.
文摘Since Estonia regained its independence,its economy has been developing fast.The society is stable,and there is a very well developed IT industry.The education system need to improve Eco-design as a tool to be used to enhance the environmental performance of products in Estonia in order to further ensure the export growth and to improve product quality.Based on the existing literature material and published information the paper researched and analyzed Eco-Design in the present situation of the Estonian college level education.The author made sure to interview and consult related professionals in the field as well.The aim of the study is to gather and evaluate present situation in eco-design and product development in Estonia in order to identify promising strategies for the eco-design concept and to provide advantageous experience and feasibility study on Eco-Design in Estonia.
文摘Purpose:Changes in the world show that the role,importance,and coherence of SSH(social sciences and the humanities)will increase significantly in the coming years.This paper aims to monitor and analyze the evolution(or overlapping)of the SSH thematic pattern through three funding instruments since 2007.Design/methodology/approach:The goal of the paper is to check to what extent the EU Framework Program(FP)affects/does not affect research on national level,and to highlight hot topics from a given period with the help of text analysis.Funded project titles and abstracts derived from the EU FP,Slovenian,and Estonian RIS were used.The final analysis and comparisons between different datasets were made based on the 200 most frequent words.After removing punctuation marks,numeric values,articles,prepositions,conjunctions,and auxiliary verbs,4,854 unique words in ETIS,4,421 unique words in the Slovenian Research Information System(SICRIS),and 3,950 unique words in FP were identified.Findings:Across all funding instruments,about a quarter of the top words constitute half of the word occurrences.The text analysis results show that in the majority of cases words do not overlap between FP and nationally funded projects.In some cases,it may be due to using different vocabulary.There is more overlapping between words in the case of Slovenia(SL)and Estonia(EE)and less in the case of Estonia and EU Framework Programmes(FP).At the same time,overlapping words indicate a wider reach(culture,education,social,history,human,innovation,etc.).In nationally funded projects(bottom-up),it was relatively difficult to observe the change in thematic trends over time.More specific results emerged from the comparison of the different programs throughout FP(top-down).Research limitations:Only projects with English titles and abstracts were analyzed.Practical implications:The specifics of SSH have to take into account—the one-to-one meaning of terms/words is not as important as,for example,in the exact sciences.Thus,even in co-word analysis,the final content may go unnoticed.Originality/value:This was the first attempt to monitor the trends of SSH projects using text analysis.The text analysis of the SSH projects of the two new EU Member States used in the study showed that SSH’s thematic coverage is not much affected by the EU Framework Program.Whether this result is field-specific or country-specific should be shown in the following study,which targets SSH projects in the so-called old Member States.
