Toluene insoluble matter (TIM) in coker heavy gas oil (CHGO) from oil sands bitumen is harmful to the downstream hydrotreating, and it may be difficult to be removed by conventional filtration. In order to determine i...Toluene insoluble matter (TIM) in coker heavy gas oil (CHGO) from oil sands bitumen is harmful to the downstream hydrotreating, and it may be difficult to be removed by conventional filtration. In order to determine its origin, the TIM must first be separated from CHGO for characterization. Two techniques are described to accomplish this goal. In the ultra-centrifugation approach used in this work, CHGO is blended with a miscible liquid and centrifuged under 366000 G (gravity) force. Through this procedure toluene and hexane diluents yielded TIM contents of 24μg·g-1 and 88μg·g-1 respectively. In an alternative simplified procedure, the initial ultra-centrifugation step is omitted. Several different solvents are evaluated for use as diluents but, in each case, toluene is still used in the subsequent washing steps. TIM contents determined by this method range from 23 to about 200μg·g-1. The amount of TIM separated by means of this method depends primarily on the initial diluent used. Other conditions, such as diluent-oil ratio, water-oil ratio, mixing time, temperature and water pH value, are also studied.展开更多
In vitro toxicological assessment helps explore key fractions of particulate matter(PM)in association with the toxic mechanism.Previous studies mainly discussed the toxicity effects of the water-soluble and organic-so...In vitro toxicological assessment helps explore key fractions of particulate matter(PM)in association with the toxic mechanism.Previous studies mainly discussed the toxicity effects of the water-soluble and organic-soluble fractions of PM.However,the toxicity of insoluble fractions is relatively poorly understood,and the adsorption of proteins is rarely considered.In this work,the formation of protein corona on the surface of insoluble particles during incubation in a culture medium was investigated.It was found that highly abundant proteins in fetal bovine serum were the main components of the protein corona.The adsorbed proteins increased the dispersion stability of insoluble particles.Meanwhile,the leaching concentrations of some metal elements(e.g.,Cu,Zn,and Pb)from PM increased in the presence of proteins.The toxicity effects and potential mechanisms of the PM insoluble particle–protein corona complex on macrophage cells RAW264.7 were discussed.The results revealed that the PM insoluble particle–protein corona complex could influence the phagosome pathway in RAW264.7 cells.Thus,it promoted the intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and induced a greater degree of cell differentiation,significantly altering cell morphology.Consequently,this work sheds new light on the combination of insoluble particles and protein corona in terms of PM cytotoxicity assessment.展开更多
The ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra generated during lignans industrial production is usually treated as solid waste. However, there is active polysaccharide which could be used in it. In this work, the water-...The ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra generated during lignans industrial production is usually treated as solid waste. However, there is active polysaccharide which could be used in it. In this work, the water-soluble polysaccharides from the ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra（ESCP） were obtained and their anti-diabetic effect was evaluated. The results indicate that ESCP could significantly reduce the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the ESCP could significantly improve the lipid metabolism and increase the content of liver glycogen in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results indicate that ESCP could be developed into a potential natural hypoglycemic agent.展开更多
基金CHGO sample was provided by Synrude Canada Ltd.Plant.
文摘Toluene insoluble matter (TIM) in coker heavy gas oil (CHGO) from oil sands bitumen is harmful to the downstream hydrotreating, and it may be difficult to be removed by conventional filtration. In order to determine its origin, the TIM must first be separated from CHGO for characterization. Two techniques are described to accomplish this goal. In the ultra-centrifugation approach used in this work, CHGO is blended with a miscible liquid and centrifuged under 366000 G (gravity) force. Through this procedure toluene and hexane diluents yielded TIM contents of 24μg·g-1 and 88μg·g-1 respectively. In an alternative simplified procedure, the initial ultra-centrifugation step is omitted. Several different solvents are evaluated for use as diluents but, in each case, toluene is still used in the subsequent washing steps. TIM contents determined by this method range from 23 to about 200μg·g-1. The amount of TIM separated by means of this method depends primarily on the initial diluent used. Other conditions, such as diluent-oil ratio, water-oil ratio, mixing time, temperature and water pH value, are also studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91643105,21874065,22176085).
文摘In vitro toxicological assessment helps explore key fractions of particulate matter(PM)in association with the toxic mechanism.Previous studies mainly discussed the toxicity effects of the water-soluble and organic-soluble fractions of PM.However,the toxicity of insoluble fractions is relatively poorly understood,and the adsorption of proteins is rarely considered.In this work,the formation of protein corona on the surface of insoluble particles during incubation in a culture medium was investigated.It was found that highly abundant proteins in fetal bovine serum were the main components of the protein corona.The adsorbed proteins increased the dispersion stability of insoluble particles.Meanwhile,the leaching concentrations of some metal elements(e.g.,Cu,Zn,and Pb)from PM increased in the presence of proteins.The toxicity effects and potential mechanisms of the PM insoluble particle–protein corona complex on macrophage cells RAW264.7 were discussed.The results revealed that the PM insoluble particle–protein corona complex could influence the phagosome pathway in RAW264.7 cells.Thus,it promoted the intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and induced a greater degree of cell differentiation,significantly altering cell morphology.Consequently,this work sheds new light on the combination of insoluble particles and protein corona in terms of PM cytotoxicity assessment.
文摘The ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra generated during lignans industrial production is usually treated as solid waste. However, there is active polysaccharide which could be used in it. In this work, the water-soluble polysaccharides from the ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra（ESCP） were obtained and their anti-diabetic effect was evaluated. The results indicate that ESCP could significantly reduce the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the ESCP could significantly improve the lipid metabolism and increase the content of liver glycogen in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results indicate that ESCP could be developed into a potential natural hypoglycemic agent.
