Synthesis of mordenite by solvent-free method and its application in the dimethyl ether carbonylation reaction

Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sites were systematically investigated.The characterization results showed that with the increase of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock,part of silicon species fail to enter the skeleton and the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples decreased.The amount of weak acid and medium strong acid decreased alongside with the increasing Si/Al ratio,and the amount of strong acid slightly increased.The Al atoms preferentially enter the strong acid sites in the 8 member ring(MR)channel during the crystallization process.The high Si/Al ratio sample had more acid sites located in the 8 MR channel,leading to more active sites for carbonylation reaction and higher catalytic performance.Appropriately increasing the Si/Al ratio was beneficial for the improvement of carbonylation reaction activity over the mordenite(MOR)catalyst.

Interfacial engineering through lead binding using crown ethers in perovskite solar cells

In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative solutions.This study pioneers an approach that not only rectifies lead leakage but also places paramount importance on the attainment of rigorous interfacial passivation.Crown ethers,notably benzo-18-crown-6-ether(B18C6),were strategically integrated at the perovskite-hole transport material interface.Crown ethers exhibit a dual role:efficiently sequestering and immobilizing Pb^(2+)ions through host-guest complexation and simultaneously establishing a robust interfacial passivation layer.Selected crown ether candidates,guided by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,demonstrated proficiency in binding Pb2+ions and optimizing interfacial energetics.Photovoltaic devices incorporating these materials achieved exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),notably 21.7%for B18C6,underscoring their efficacy in lead binding and interfacial passivation.Analytical techniques,including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL),and transient absorption spectroscopy(TAS),unequivocally affirmed Pb^(2+)ion capture and suppression of non-radiative recombination.Notably,these PSCs maintained efficiency even after enduring 300 h of exposure to 85%relative humidity.This research underscores the transformative potential of crown ethers,simultaneously addressing lead binding and stringent interfacial passivation for sustainable PSCs poised to commercialize and advance renewable energy applications.

TLC Identification and Extraction Process of Rubiasin-1-methyl Ether from Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu

[Objectives]To establish a thin-layer chromatography(TLC)method for the determination of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu(Damnacanthus giganteus).[Methods]A silica gel G thin-layer plate was adopted for TLC.Petroleum ether(60-90℃)-chloroform-methanol-water(7:15:3:1)was used as the developing solvent and inspected under ultraviolet lamp(365 nm).The content was determined by Inertsil ODS-3 C 18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase:acetonitrile-0.2%phosphoric acid gradient elution,detection wavelength 277 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10μL.[Results]The spots of 10 Chuanlianzhu samples from different origins showed the same color at the same position as the control,and the spots were clear and specific.The injection volume of rubiadin-1-methyl ether showed a good linear relationship in the range of 2.90-145μg(R=0.9996).The average recovery rate of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in the low,medium and high dose groups of Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu was 98.72%,and RSD=1.78%.[Conclusions]This method can effectively identify Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu medicinal materials and accurately determine the content of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in the medicinal materials.It provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu medicinal resources.

p38 MAPK/p53信号通路调控骨肉瘤细胞中Ether a go-go表达的研究

目的检测Ether a go-go(Eag)在人骨肉瘤细胞中的表达并探索其调控的分子机制。方法采用实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reverse trariseription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)和免疫印迹技术(Western blot,WB)检测骨肉瘤细胞MG-63中Eag的表达。体外实验检测Eag抑制剂对MG-63细胞增殖的影响,体内实验检测Eag短发卡RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)对裸鼠骨肉瘤生长的影响。最后用WB检测骨肉瘤细胞中促有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen—activated protein kinase,MAPK)和p53蛋白的表达水平。结果 Eag在MG-63细胞中高表达,Eag shRNA或抑制剂丙咪嗪(Imipramine)能从体内外有效地抑制人骨肉瘤细胞增殖。p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580或小干扰RNA(small interference RNA,siRNA)可抑制MG-63细胞的增殖,同时诱导p53的表达。p53激活剂nutlin-3可抑制MG-63细胞增殖并下调Eag的表达,而p53抑制剂pifithrin—alpha(PVT-α)则能促进MG-63细胞增殖并诱导Eag的表达。结论 Eag作为癌基因参与了骨肉瘤细胞增殖过程,其可能受p38 MAPK/p53信号通路的调控。

酮色林对人类ether-a-go-go相关基因钾通道的阻断作用(英文)

采用双电极电压钳技术,研究酮色林对表达在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞上的野生型和Y652突变型人类ether-a-go-go相关基因(human ether-a-go-go-related gene,HERG)钾通道的阻断效应,观测HERG通道的分子位点特性改变对其阻断效应的影响。结果显示,酮色林以电压依赖性和浓度依赖性的方式阻断野生型的HERG钾通道电流。尾电流包裹程序记录电流显示酮色林对HERG钾通道微小的张力性阻断。阻断特征符合对开放状态通道的阻断特征。酮色林也能调节失活状态的HERG钾通道。位于孔道S6区的氨基酸位点突变Y652A和Y652R可显著减弱酮色林对HERG通道的阻断作用。同野生型HERG钾通道的阻断相比,Y652A突变使阻断的IC50提高72倍,而Y652R突变使阻断的IC50提高53倍。Y652A和Y652R的阻断效应之间没有明显的差别。以上结果提示,酮色林优先阻断开放状态的HERG钾通道,而Y652是酮色林与通道结合的关键位点之一。

Ether à go-go钾通道与恶性肿瘤

离子通道与恶性肿瘤的研究相关性日益受到重视,其中以钾通道的研究最为深入.Etheràgo-go钾通道(Eagl)由于在体内局限性分布、具有癌基因的特性以及在多种临床肿瘤组织中高频率表达的特点,已经成为前景乐观的恶性肿瘤诊治的靶点.本文综述Eagl钾通道与细胞周期和增殖的关系、致癌性及其致癌机制、在恶性肿瘤中的表达及其意义、分子成像技术检测活体内Eagl以及Eagl作为治疗靶点的实验研究进展.

人类ether-à-go-go相关基因通道的动力学分析和分析机制

探讨在电生理记录的过程中,由人类ether-à-go-go相关基因(HERG)编码的通道应分析的通道动力学参数及机制。使用双电极电压钳技术,记录表达于爪蟾卵母细胞的HERG通道,编制不同的刺激脉冲分析各动力学参数。结果显示:(1)HERG通道在去极化脉冲下由于存在快失活而呈内向整流性。激活曲线可通过拟合去极化脉冲及随之的尾电流峰值而得到。激活的时间依赖性可通过拟合去极化不同时程与相应的尾电流峰值而得到。(2)HERG的去激活的I-V(电流-电压)关系曲线仍呈明显的内向整流性,尾电流的衰减路径用双指数方程拟合可得到快和慢两个时间常数。(3)HERG通道的失活呈电压依赖性,分别用两个不同的三脉冲程序,可得到通道的失活曲线以及去除失活后近乎线性的I-V关系。因此虽然HERG通道动力学复杂,仍可设计不同脉冲程序对其通道动力学间接进行分析,为HERG的分子位点作用研究提供基础。

人ether-α-go-go钾通道减少肝脏的内质网应激和凋亡

目的研究人ether-α-go-go(human ether-α-go-go related gene,h ERG)钾通道在肝细胞中与内质网应激和凋亡的关系。方法选取雄性20周龄h ERG基因敲除(knockout,KO)及同窝野生(wild type,WT)小鼠,测量体质量、摄食量;肝脏石蜡切片HE染色; Western blotting法检测糖异生关键酶葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(glucose-6-phosphatase,G6pase)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,PEPCK)在肝脏的表达水平; Western blotting和荧光定量PCR方法检测肝脏凋亡相关基因活化的半胱天冬酶半胱天冬酶3(cleaved-cysteine aspartyl protease 3,cleaved-caspase 3),B细胞淋巴瘤因子2(B-cell lymphoma 2,Bcl2)和Bcl2相关X蛋白(Bcl2 associated X protein,Bax)表达水平;同时检测内质网应激相关基因磷酸化真核细胞翻译起始因子2(phosphorylated-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α,p-eIF2α)、激活转录因子4(activating transcription factor 4,ATF4)以及C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP-homologous protein,CHOP)等基因的表达。经尾静脉给KO小鼠注射hERG慢病毒(lentivirus,LV)后,Western blotting法检测胰岛及肝脏内质网应激和凋亡相关指标。结果与WT小鼠相比,KO小鼠体质量及摄食量差异无统计学意义,肝细胞轻度肿胀,肝脏糖代谢G6Pase表达水平无明显变化,而PEPCK表达上调提示hERG敲除引起肝脏糖代谢异常。KO小鼠肝脏的内质网应激及凋亡相关指标均上调,提示KO小鼠体内存在内质网应激和凋亡。KO小鼠体内过表达h ERG后,改善了小鼠的肝脏内质网应激及凋亡。结论 hERG钾通道可以通过减少肝脏内质网应激和凋亡改善肝细胞内糖代谢。

胃肠动力药西沙比利对表达于HEK293细胞的人ether-a-go-go相关基因2通道的影响

目的：研究胃肠动力药西沙比利对于在 HEK293细胞异源性表达的人 ether-a-go-go 相关基因2（human ether-a-go-go related gene 2,hERG2）通道性质的影响。方法用 Lipofectamine 2000将 hERG2（AF311913）瞬时转染至 HEK293细胞,使其表达hERG2通道,利用全细胞膜片钳技术记录 hERG2电流。加入西沙比利（终浓度分别为0.001,0.01,0.1,1.0,10.0μmol/ L）,分别记录加药前和加药后2~8 min 的 hERG2电流,分析西沙比利浓度和作用时间对此通道电流的影响。结果西沙比利各浓度实验组中,hERG2时间依赖性电流和尾电流幅度均下降。在去极化电压为＋20 mV 时,随西沙比利浓度升高,电流抑制率逐渐增加。西沙比利的抑制作用随时间延长逐渐增强,西沙比利浓度为1μmol/ L 时,电流在8 min 内完全消失。结论西沙比利对HEK293细胞表达的 hERG2通道的时间依赖性电流和尾电流均有抑制作用,该抑制作用具有浓度依赖性和时间依赖性,即浓度越高,时间越长,抑制效果越明显,直至电流降低至稳态或消失。

Aberrant expression of ether à go-go potassium channel in colorectal cancer patients and cell lines

AIM: To study the expression of ether à go-go (Eag1) potassium channel in colorectal cancer and the relation- ship between their expression and clinico-pathological features. METHODS: The expression levels of Eag1 protein were determined in 76 cancer tissues with paired non- cancerous matched tissues as well as 9 colorectal adenoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. Eag1 mRNA expression was detected in 13 colorectal cancer tissues with paired non-cancerous matched tissues and 4 colorectal adenoma tissues as well as two colorectal cancer cell lines (LoVo and HT-29) by reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: The frequency of positive expression of Eag1 protein was 76.3% (58/76) and Eag1 mRNA was 76.9% (10/13) in colorectal cancer tissue. Expression level of Eag1 protein was dependent on the tumor size, lymphatic node metastasis, other organ metastases and Dukes’ stage (P < 0.05), while not dependent on age, sex, site and degree of differentiation. Eag1 protein and mRNA were negative in normal colorectal tissue, and absolutely negative in colorectal adenomas except that one case was positively stained for Eag1 protein. CONCLUSION: Eag1 protein and mRNA are aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer and occasionally expressed in colorectal adenoma. The high frequency of expression of Eag1 in tumors and the restriction of normal expression to the brain suggest the potential of this protein for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes.

ether-a-go-go相关基因通道在胰岛β-细胞中的作用

目的探究ether-a-go-go相关基因(ether-a-go-go related gene,ERG)通道在胰岛β-细胞中的作用。方法提取野生型(wild type,WT)与ERG基因敲除型(knockout,KO)小鼠胰岛β-细胞,利用全细胞膜片钳技术记录钾离子电流与动作电位,分析敲除ERG基因后钾电流与动作电位的变化。对两组小鼠进行腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量实验,分析基因敲除后小鼠糖耐量的变化,探究ERG基因是否对体内血糖浓度有影响。结果在两组小鼠胰岛β-细胞中记录到的钾离子电流均呈现内向整流趋势,KO组钾离子电流明显减小,动作电位时程明显延长。动物实验中,KO组小鼠糖刺激2 h后血糖浓度较WT组显著降低。结论 ERG通道电流是胰岛β-细胞中钾离子电流的重要组成部分,可显著影响动作电位时程,进而影响体内血糖浓度。

Economy, environmental assessment and energy conservation for separation of isopropanol/diisopropyl ether/water multi-azeotropes via extractive distillation coupled pervaporation process

This wok proposed the extraction distillation coupled pervaporation(ED+PV) technology process using two different solvents to separate isopropanol(IPA) and diisopropyl ether(DIPE) from DIPE/IPA/H_(2)O ternary heterogeneous azeotropes in industrial wastewater from the synthesis of isopropanol in this study.Based on strict design specifications, simulation and sequential iteration methods are used for process design and optimization. Compared to the ethylene glycol(EG)-EG+H_(2)O process and the 1,3-propanediol(PDO)-IPA+H_(2)O process, the total annual cost(TAC) of the EG-IPA+H_(2)O process decreased by 20.76% and 7.86%(PDO). Compared to the EG-EG+H_(2)O process, the TAC of the PDO-IPA+H_(2)O process reduced 14%, but the global warming potential(GWP) and human toxicity of the PDO-IPA+H_(2)O process increased 11.3% and 4.07% respectively. Compared to the PDO-IPA+H_(2)O process, the EG-IPA+H_(2)O process saves 7.86%(TAC), 9.78%(GWP) and 9.85%(human toxicity). The ED+PV process with EG is superior to PDO in factors of TAC, energy consumption, human toxicity and environment. The EG-IPA+H_(2)O process changed the separation order of the products of the multi-azeotropic system, reduced the cost and energy conservation of the system, and enhanced the environmental protection evaluation of the process, is the best process through life cycle assessment for analyzing the economy, energy conservation, environmental assessment and human toxicity, designing cleaner products, controlling waste discharge, and promoting the chemical purification industry. This work provides a new process design and optimized separation ideas, will have a good guiding significance for the research and application separation of multi-azeotropic mixture with mixed solvents in organic wastewater from the cleaner chemical production, has been up to standard wastewater discharge process, and realized the development goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the sustainable development of chemical clean industry.

A Comparative Study of the Hydroxyl Value and Iodine Value in Polyoxyl Stearyl Ether in United States Pharmacopeia Specifications

The iodine value (iodine number) and hydroxyl value are important analytical characteristics of fats and oils. The iodine (I2) required saturating the fatty acids present in 100 grams of the oil or fat. Iodine value is a measure of the total number of double bonds (-C=C-) present in fats and oils. Unsaturated compounds contain molecules with double and triple bonds which are very reactive towards iodine. The iodine value has been determined according to Hanus with iodine monobromide in glacial acetic acid, and then the amount of iodine remaining unreacted is determined by titration using sodium thiosulfate volumetric standard solution. The hydroxyl value is the amount of potassium hydroxide in milligrams that is equivalent to the hydroxyl amount of 1 gram of the sample (mg KOH/g sample). Poloxyl Stearyl Ether is a mixture of the monostearyl ethers of mixed polyethylene glycols. It may contain various amounts of free stearyl alcohol and some free polyethylene glycol. In this study, the iodine value and hydroxyl value have been determined by titration in polyoxyl stearyl ether. Iodine value 1.84 g of I2 absorbed/100g sample, and hydroxyl value 162.65 mg KOH/g sample have been found in poloxyl stearyl ether. The iodine value and hydroxyl value results met the United States Pharmacopeia specifications for Polyoxyl Stearyl Ether.

Harnessing dimethyl ether and methyl formate fuels for direct electrochemical energy conversion

In this work,the oxidation of a mixture of dimethyl ether(DME) and methyl formate(MF) was studied in both an aqueous electrochemical cell and a vapor-fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)utilizing a multi-metallic alloy catalyst,Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C,discovered earlier by us.The current obtained during the bulk oxidation of a DME-saturated 1 M MF was higher than the summation of the currents provided by the two fuels separately,suggesting the cooperative effect of mixing these fuels.A significant increase in the anodic charge was realized during oxidative stripping of a pre-adsorbed DME+MF mixture as compared to DME or MF individually.This is ascribed to greater utilization of specific catalytic sites on account of the relatively lower adsorption energy of the dual-molecules than of the sum of the individual molecules as confirmed by the density fu nctional theory(DFT) calculations.Fuel cell polarization was also conducted using a Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C(anode) and Pt/C(cathode) catalysts-coated membrane(CCM).The enhanced surface coverage and active site utilization resulted in providing a higher peak power density by the DME+MF mixture-fed fuel cell(123 mW cm^(-2)at 0.45 V) than with DME(84mW cm^(-2)at 0.35 V) or MF(28 mW cm^(-2)at 0.2 V) at the same total anode hydrocarbon flow rate,temperature,and ambient pressure.

Butyl ether as Co-diluent in medium-concentrated electrolyte for Li-S battery

1. Introduction The Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB) shows promise as a highdensity energy source, with a theoretical energy density of approximately 2600 W h kg^(-1)[1]. However, practical application of the LSB has been hindered by the “shuttle effect” and Li anode corrosion [2,3]. Highly concentrated electrolytes(HCEs) have been proposed as a solution, as they can inhibit the dissolution of lithium polysulfide and promote homogeneous lithium deposition [4].

Li^(+)-ion bound crown ether functionalization enables dual promotion of dynamics and thermodynamics for ambient ammonia synthesis

Electrosynthesis of ammonia from the reduction of nitrogen is still confronted with the limited supply of gas reactant in dynamics as well as high activation barrier in thermodynamics.Unfortunately,despite tremendous efforts devoted to electrocatalysts themselves,they still fail to tackle the above two challenges simultaneously.Herein,we employ a heterogeneous catalyst adlayer-composed of crown ethers associated with Li^(+)ions-to achieve the dual promotion of dynamics and thermodynamics for ambient ammonia synthesis.Dynamically,the bound Li^(+)ions interact with the strong quadrupole moment of nitrogen,and trigger considerable reactant flux toward the catalyst.Thermodynamically,Li^(+)associated with the oxygen of crown ether achieves a higher density of states at the Fermi level for the catalyst,enabling effortless electron transfer from the catalysts to nitrogen and thus greatly reducing the activation barrier.As expected,the proof-of-concept system achieves an ammonia yield rate of 168.5μg h^(-1)mg^(-1)and a Faradaic efficiency of 75.3%at-0.3 V vs.RHE.This system-level approach opens up pathways for tackling the two key challenges that have limited the field of ammonia synthesis.

Durable semi-crystalline interphase engineering to stabilize high voltage Ni-rich cathode in dilute ether electrolyte

Ethers are promising electrolyte solvents for secondary Li metal batteries because of their excellent reduction stability.However,their oxidation stability has been mostly relying on the high concentration approach,and limited progress has been made on building effective interphase to protect the cathode from the corrosion of the electrolyte.In this work,we construct a semi-crystalline interfacial layer on the surface of Li(Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1))O_(2)cathode that can achieve improved electrochemical stability in the highly corrosive chemical environment formed by the decomposition of ether molecules.Different from traditional brittle crystalline interphases,the optimized semi-crystalline layer with low modulus and high ionic conductivity can effectively relieve electrode strain and maintain the integrity of the interface layer.Due to this design,the continuous oxidation decomposition of ether-based electrolytes could be significantly suppressed and the battery shows outstanding cycling stability(84%capacity retention after 300 cycles).This article provides a solution to address the oxidation instability issue of ether-based electrolytes.

Functional zirconium phosphate nanosheets enabled transfer hydrogenolysis of aromatic ether bonds over a low usage of Ru nanocatalysts

Catalytic hydrogenolysis of aromatic ether bonds is a highly promising strategy for upgrading lignin into small-molecule chemicals,which relies on developing innovative heterogeneous catalysts with high activity.Herein,we designed porous zirconium phosphate nanosheet-supported Ru nanocatalysts(Ru/ZrPsheet)as the heterogeneous catalyst by a process combining ball milling and molten-salt(KNO_(3)).Very interestingly,the fabricated Ru/ZrPsheetshowed good catalytic performance on the transfer hydrogenolysis of various types of aromatic ether bonds contained in lignin,i.e.,4-O-5,a-O-4,β-O-4,and aryl-O-CH3,over a low Ru usage(<0.5 mol%)without using any acidic/basic additive.Detailed investigations indicated that the properties of Ru and the support were indispensable.The excellent activity of Ru/ZZrPsheetoriginated from the strong acidity and basicity of ZrPsheetand the higher electron density of metallic Ru0as well as the nanosheet structure of ZrPsheet.

Density Functional Theory Study of Marine Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Anaerobic Degradation

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are a kind of serious pollutants in the ocean.Biodegradation is considered as an economical and safe way for PBDEs removal and reductive debromination dominates the initial pathway of anaerobic degradation.On the basis of experimental study,Octa-BDE 197,Hepta-BDE 183,Hexa-BDE 153,Penta-BDE 99 and Tetra-BDE 47 were selected as the initial degradation objects,and their debromination degradation were studied using density functional theory.The structures were optimized by Gaussian 09 program.Furthermore,the molecular orbitals and charge distribution were analyzed.All C-Br bond dissociation energies at different positions including ortho,meta and para bromine atoms were calculated and the sequence of debromination was obtained.There is a close relationship between molecular structure,charge,molecular orbital and C-Br bond.All PBDEs exhibited similar debromination pathways with preferential removal of meta and para bromines.