Understanding livelihood vulnerability:a perspective from Western Sichuan’s ethnic rural settings

To explore the livelihood status and key influencing factors of rural households in the minority areas,we collected flat data from 284 rural households in 32 villages across 12 counties of Western Sichuan from 2021 to 2022.We conducted participatory household survey on the livelihood status of the rural households and try to identify the key factors to influence their livelihood vulnerability using multiple linear regression.The results showed that:the livelihood situation of the rural households is relatively vulnerable.The vulnerability varies significantly with the income levels,education levels,and income sources.The vulnerability of farm households,categorized from low to high livelihood types,follows the sequence:non-agricultural dominant households,non-agricultural households,agricultural dominant households,and pure agricultural households.The degree of damage to the natural environment,education costs,loan opportunities,the proportion of agricultural income to annual household income,and the presence of sick people in the household have significant positive effects on the livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)of rural households;while help from relatives and friends,net income per capita,household size,household education,agricultural land area,participation in industrial organizations,number of livestock,purchase of commercial houses,drinking water source,and self-supply of food have significant negative effects.Based on the findings,we believe that local rural households operate in a complex livelihood system and recommend continuous interventions targeting key influences to provide empirical research support for areas facing similar situations.

Predictive model for postpartum hemorrhage requiring hysterectomy in a minority ethnic region

BACKGROUND Postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)is a leading cause of maternal mortality,and hysterectomy is an important intervention for managing intractable PPH.Accurately predicting the need for hysterectomy and taking proactive emergency measures is crucial for reducing mortality rates.AIM To develop a risk prediction model for PPH requiring hysterectomy in the ethnic minority regions of Qiandongnan,China,to help guide clinical decision-making.METHODS The study included 23490 patients,with 1050 having experienced PPH and 74 who underwent hysterectomies.The independent risk factors closely associated with the necessity for hysterectomy were analyzed to construct a risk prediction model,and its predictive efficacy was subsequently evaluated.RESULTS The proportion of hysterectomies among the included patients was 0.32%(74/23490),representing 7.05%(74/1050)of PPH cases.The number of deliveries,history of cesarean section,placenta previa,uterine atony,and placenta accreta were identified in this population as independent risk factors for requiring a hysterectomy.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the prediction model showed an area under the curve of 0.953(95%confidence interval:0.928-0.978)with a sensitivity of 90.50%and a specificity of 90.70%.CONCLUSION The model demonstrates excellent predictive power and is effective in guiding clinical decisions regarding PPH in the ethnic minority regions of Qiandongnan,China.

Ocular biometric characteristics of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery

AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract surgery(226 Han patients in Tianjin and 184 Uyghur patients in Xinjiang)were enrolled.The differences in axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),keratometry[steep K(Ks)and flat K(Kf)],and corneal astigmatism(CA)measured using IOL Master 700 were compared between Han and Uyghur patients.RESULTS:The average age of Han patients was higher than that of Uyghur patients(70.22±8.54 vs 63.04±9.56y,P<0.001).After adjusting for age factors,Han patients had longer AL(23.51±1.05 vs 22.86±0.92 mm,P<0.001),deeper ACD(3.06±0.44 vs 2.97±0.37 mm,P=0.001),greater Kf(43.95±1.40 vs 43.42±1.69 D,P=0.001),steeper Ks(45.00±1.47 vs 44.26±1.71 D,P=0.001),and higher CA(1.04±0.68 vs 0.79±0.65,P=0.025)than Uyghur patients.Intra-ethnic male patients had longer AL,deeper ACD,and lower keratometry than female patients;however,CA between the sexes was almost similar.In the correlation analysis,we observed a positive correlation between AL and ACD in patients of both ethnicities(rHan=0.48,rUyghur=0.44,P<0.001),while AL was negatively correlated with Kf(rHan=-0.42,rUyghur=-0.64,P<0.001)and Ks(rHan=-0.38,rUyghur=-0.66,P<0.001).Additionally,Kf was positively correlated with Ks(rHan=0.89,rUyghur=0.93,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:There are differences in ocular biometric parameters between individuals of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and those of Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery.These ethnic variances can enhance our understanding of ocular diseases related to these parameters and provide guidance for surgical procedures.

Eruptive xanthomas in a patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Xanthomatosis,a metabolic disorder causing yellow growths(xanthomas),poses challenges in lipid metabolism.This case study introduces the first documented instance within China's Yi population,emphasizing the need to explore dietary habits and treatment strategies tailored to this specific community.CASE SUMMARY Xanthomatosis is a metabolic disorder where lipid metabolism goes awry,resulting in the development of yellowish growths called xanthomas.A male patient,47 years of age,from China's Yi population,who is obese,visited our dermatology clinic complaining of widespread,non-painful rashes that have been present for two weeks.The patient works as a chef and has a diet that frequently includes oily and greasy foods.This case represents the initial documentation of xanthomatosis within the Yi population in China,offering a theoretical foundation for understanding dietary patterns and treatment options specific to the Yi community.CONCLUSION The first report of xanthomatosis in the Yi population in China lays a theoretical foundation for understanding Yi dietary patterns and treatment.

Cardiovascular diseases in European ethnic minorities: Beyond the traditional cardiovascular risk factors

This editorial is intended to be a reflection on cardiovascular disease(CVD)burden in European ethnic minorities.In some European countries,ethnic minority realities,due to their recent appearance,are still to be studied in depth.The experience of several European countries,where the migration processes started earlier,even more than a century ago,can help by being an example.Many studies have shown that major differences in CVD burden exist not only between countries,but also within the same country when considering different social strata and ethnic groups.The CV risk factors underlying heart disease have been well established.Important epidemiological studies have helped us understand that the underlying causes of heart disease as well as the behaviors that can help prevent them are the same.We are now well aware that CVD should be treated by considering a holistic approach.This is why the social determinants(SDs)of health that may worsen the disease burden or that,vice versa,may improve the treatment,and even more significantly,the prognosis of a patient’s illness should be taken into consideration.For ethnic minority patients,this holistic,hermeneutic approach is of importance.Several SDs of health that influence CVDs have been identified but their relevance for the health of ethnic minorities has not yet been clearly defined.In some European countries,most ethnic minorities are largely also religious minorities.Only a few studies have evaluated the role of religion,which is an important SD that affects the probability of having CV risk factors and diseases.Adolescents,particularly those belonging to the second generation,seem to be the weak link.If we believe that these young people are really citizens of their country of birth,then a way of recognizing their belonging to the community starts from a will to better understand their condition,in order to assist them while they grow physically and mentally.Thinking about safeguarding the health of this population should be more than a health task,rather a goal of social justice.

Disparities in the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood:Race and ethnicity

BACKGROUND Most studies have defined economic well-being as socioeconomic status,with little attention given to whether other indicators influence self-esteem.Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the relationship between economic wellbeing and self-esteem during adulthood.AIM To explore the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood and differences in the association across race/ethnicity.METHODS The current study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.The final sample consisted of 2267 African Americans,1425 Hispanics,and 3678 non-Hispanic Whites.Ordinary linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be in poverty in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.More African Americans were unemployed than Whites.Those who received fringe benefits,were more satisfied with jobs,and were employed were more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem.Poverty was negatively associated with self-esteem.Interaction effects were found between African Americans and job satisfaction predicting self-esteem.CONCLUSION The role of employers is important in cultivating employees’self-esteem.Satisfactory outcomes or feelings of happiness from the workplace may be more important to non-Hispanic Whites compared to African Americans and Hispanics.

Regional Brand and High-quality Development of Fruits in Ethnic Areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt under the Greater Food Approach

Establishing the Greater Food Approach and promoting the Yangtze River Economic Belt s national major regional development strategy can better support and serve the agricultural power and Chinese-style modernization.This paper introduces the characteristics of fruit industry in 16 autonomous prefectures and 47 autonomous counties under the jurisdiction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.It studies the intellectual property resources of brand marks from the aspects of geographical indications,collective trademarks,certification trademarks,well-known trademarks in China and national design patents,and analyzes the main problems of brand and high-quality development of fruit industry in these ethnic autonomous areas.Finally,it puts forward some strategies,such as improving the protection of intellectual property rights of geographical indications,using intellectual property rights of brand signs,building modern seed industry upgrading project,drawing lessons from the experience of thousand villages demonstration project,ensuring that large-scale poverty does not occur,and building a diversified food supply system.

Promoting High-quality Development of Grain and Oil in Ethnic Areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the Perspective of Agricultural Power

Accelerating the construction of agricultural power,further promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and better supporting and serving Chinese-style modernization are the key issues at present.This paper first introduces the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its ethnic areas,and studies the characteristics of the grain and oil industry in the ethnic autonomous areas of the economic belt,as well as the current situation of various types of intellectual property resources,such as industrial cultural heritage,scientific and tech-nological innovation,and brand marking intellectual property.Besides,it analyzes the main problems in the high-quality development of grain and oil in the Yangtze River Economic Belt ethnic areas.Finally,it comes up with recommendations,including protecting the intellectual prop-erty rights of cultural heritage in the field of grain and oil,leading the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture,use scientific and technological innovation intellectual property rights to promote the innovation-driven development strategy of the grain and oil in-dustry,and providing counterpart assistance to ethnic autonomous areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt to further promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Clinical Efficacy Observation of a Jing Ethnic Prescription in Treating Chronic Atrophic Gastritis

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of a Jing ethnic prescription in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Methods: A total of 182 CAG patients admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into a control group (91 cases) and a treatment group (91 cases) based on their admission order. The control group received conventional treatment, while the treatment group was treated with a Jing ethnic prescription. The clinical efficacy, changes in gastric mucosa-related indicators, and systemic inflammatory markers were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the overall effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The levels of trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) in the gastric mucosa increased, and the levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) decreased in both groups. However, the improvement in these indicators was significantly better in the treatment group (P Conclusion: The custom formula of the Jing ethnic group shows comparable clinical efficacy to conventional treatment for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), but it demonstrates significantly better effects in reducing systemic inflammatory responses. Specifically, the treatment group showed superior results in the following aspects compared to the control group: increased levels of TFF2, decreased levels of NF-κB, and reduced serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and hs-CRP.

Overcoming Challenges in COVID-19 Vaccination among Ethnic Minority Groups in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Exploration

This study aimed to explore the barriers affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among ethnic minorities and to propose strategies to strengthen government initiatives for inclusive vaccination. Grounded in social constructivism, this qualitative study was conducted in the greater Sylhet Division, where many ethnic communities live. Using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 49 participants, including ethnic men and women, community leaders, and healthcare providers. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted to ensure data validation, and the results were analyzed using thematic analysis, which revealed several factors, such as free vaccinations, media, close community-knit healthcare centers, informal communication that positively influenced vaccine uptake, such as awareness campaigns, informal communication, media involvement, and free vaccine availability. However, socio-economic and technological barriers pose significant challenges, including misconceptions about vaccines, limited access to technology, long distances to vaccination centers, inconvenient service hours, and reliance on traditional medicine. To promote inclusive vaccination, the study recommends establishing localized vaccine camps, improving technological infrastructure such as the Internet and network access, enhancing communication strategies, providing special services for women, the elderly and disabled individuals, and ensuring a reliable vaccine supply. Future researchers could apply longitudinal studies, including a lager study area and broader range of participants to address the missing perspectives in the current study.

Ethnic Customs and Rural Tourism Development in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County of Fushun City

The development of ethnic minority tourism is currently a hot topic in domestic tourism development.As an important component of Chinese civilization,the Manchu people have created brilliant culture in the long river of historical development.As the hometown of the Manchu people,Fushun has unique folk cultural tourism resources and a strong ethnic flavor.Nowadays,under the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy,the construction of new rural areas is constantly developing,and rural tourism is gradually becoming a new industry.Therefore,in the context of the increasingly prosperous rural tourism industry,it has become increasingly important to combine the ethnic customs of Manchu culture with rural tourism.Taking the ethnic customs and integrated development of rural tourism in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County of Fushun City,Liaoning Province as the research object,this paper mainly sorts out the current situation and characteristics of rural tourism development in the region,systematically explores the problems in development and how to further optimize development,and proposes new models suitable for the development of folk tourism in Xinbin of Fushun,in order to achieve maximum economic and social benefits and provide a reference for promoting the development of tourism in the region.

The Language of Ornaments:An Anthropological Insight Into the Ethnic Ornaments of the Karbis of Assam,India

North Eastern region of India enjoys a place of pride in the whole of the country for its immensely rich assembly of tribal cultures.Among the prominent tribes of the region are the Karbis who possess unique traditions and cultures distinct from the other tribes.The Karbis are fond of ornaments and since the ancient day they have been using natural objects as ornaments,silver ornaments are used extensively by them.Preparation of different kinds of ornaments occupies an important part of material culture of the Karbis.Ornaments with distinctive colour,motifs,and designs not only reflect the cultural identity of the Karbis but are also indicative of the possession of rich cultural heritage and traditional knowledge.In this present endeavour,an attempt has been made to delineate the ethnic ornaments of the Karbis of Assam,India,along with the motifs of the designs in it which stands as one of the integral aspects of their cultural heritage.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Factors Influencing Orthopedic Surgery Application, Diversity, and Trainee Experiences

Background: Women and racial and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in orthopedic surgery. Exploring factors that draw individuals from these demographics to pursue orthopedic surgery and their experiences during training can provide valuable insights into this disparity. We aimed to quantify the current state of diversity in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation among orthopedic surgery residents and fellows, and to identify factors that influenced their decision to pursue orthopedic surgery. Methods: An institutionally validated survey was delivered via Qualtrics to national orthopedic surgery residency programs from January to April 2023. Topics addressed included gender identity, sexual orientation, racial and ethnic background, reasons for pursuing orthopedic surgery, and medical training experiences. Differences between gender and racial discrimination were assessed via Chi-square test. Results: A total of 119 orthopedic surgery residents and fellows responded. Of these, 62.2% (n = 74) identified as non-Hispanic White, 60.5% (n = 72) were male, and 86.6% (n = 103) identified as straight or heterosexual. Mentorship was cited by 79.9% (n = 95) of respondents as a critical factor in their decision to pursue orthopedic surgery. Additionally, 23% of female respondents and 4.2% of male respondents highlighted the presence of women and diverse faculty as very important. Gender identity negatively impacted the decision to pursue orthopedic surgery in 15.4% of female and 1.4% of male respondents (p = 0.004). Among underrepresented minorities (URMs), 24.4% reported negative experiences during training compared to 4.1% of non-Hispanic White participants (p = 0.002). Discrimination experiences ranged from 2.6% due to sexual orientation, 20.7% due to race and ethnicity, and 26.3% due to gender and gender identity. Conclusions: Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and gender continues to pose significant challenges for orthopedic surgery trainees. The presence of mentors, particularly women and individuals from diverse backgrounds, remains crucial in fostering interest in orthopedic surgery among underrepresented groups. Sustained efforts are needed to create a more inclusive and supportive environment all trainees.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Orthorexia Nervosa Symptomatology and Other Disordered Eating

While some research has explored racial and ethnic differences in disordered eating, this study may be the first to examine these differences in orthorexia nervosa, involving obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors concerning healthy eating, which negatively impact one’s life. Adult participants, recruited from college courses and social media, completed an online survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Regarding racial and ethnic background, 743 were White, 249 were Hispanic, 87 were Black, 61 were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 110 were biracial/multiracial. A MANCOVA revealed that the racial and ethnic groups did not differ on the ONI subscales assessing orthorexic behaviors, impairments, and emotions, after accounting for gender, BMI, and EAT-26 total scores that were covariates. In contrast, a second MANCOVA did reveal group differences on the EAT-26 subscales, after accounting for gender, BMI, and ONI total scores that were covariates. Black participants scored significantly lower than the other racial and ethnic groups on the subscale assessing dieting behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa, and the subscale assessing binge-eating and purging behaviors characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Further, Hispanic participants scored significantly lower than White participants on the latter subscale. These findings suggest that while orthorexic symptomatology does not differ based on race and ethnicity, a Black race and Hispanic ethnicity may be protective factors against disordered eating, perhaps related either to cultural norms concerning body image or to the resiliency and social support among the Black and Hispanic communities.

Disparities in Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension amongst Bamiléké Adults Residing in Two Different Agroecological Zones of Cameroon

Background: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension (HTN) are one of the main causes of death in Cameroon. This study aimed at assessing prevalence disparities and determinants of hypertension amongst Bamiléké adults residing in two different agroecological zones of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted among Bamiléké population living in the Highlands zone (Western region) and in the Monomodal Rainforest zone (Littoral region) of Cameroon from August 2016 to August 2017. Participants (962) were aged at least 20 years old. Data on sociodemographic, hemodynamic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters and lifestyle of the participants were collected. Results: Results obtained revealed that 34.2% were hypertensive and those residing in the highland zone were more affected than those living in the monomodal rainforest zone (44.5% vs 22.9%). The different subtypes of HTN (Isolated systolic hypertension (14.1%), isolated diastolic hypertension (7.2%) and Systo-diastolic hypertension (23.3%)) were also more prevalent in the Highlands Zone. The most prevalent stage of HTN was pre-HTN (31.5%). However, people living in the monomodal rainforest zone were more affected by pre-HTN compared to Bamiléké living in the highland zone (33.6% vs. 29.6%). Results also showed that high consumption (≥ 3 times/week) of carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods, ageing, obesity, and marital status were associated with high blood pressure in both agroecological zones. Besides, secondary education (OR = 0.68;95% CI: 0.42 - 0.99) in the Highlands Zone and high (≥3 times/week) vegetable consumption (OR = 0.66;95% CI: 0.44 - 0.98) in the Monomodal Rainforest Zone had a protective effect on elevated blood pressure of population. Conclusion: There is a disparity in the prevalence of hypertension and some of its determinants among Bamiléké adults residing in different agroecological zones. This work highlights the need to advocate for local and ethno-cultural health policies to prevent, diagnose and manage hypertension.

Clinical Observation of the Efficacy of a Customized Prescription from the Jing Ethnic Group in Treating Children with Yang Syndrome of Common Cold

Objective: This paper aims to observe the clinical efficacy of a customized prescription from the Jing ethnic group in treating children with Yang syndrome of common cold. Methods: A total of 160 patients diagnosed with Yang syndrome of common cold at the pediatric outpatient clinic of Fangchenggang City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from September 2023 to September 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each with 80 cases. The control group was orally administered Compound Paracetamol, Chlorphenamine Maleate, and Caffeine Oral Solution, while the treatment group received the customized prescription from the Jing ethnic group in addition to the treatment given to the control group. Both groups were treated for three days. During the treatment period, if the axillary temperature of the children in both groups reached or exceeded 39.0˚C, Dexibuprofen Oral Solution could be additionally administered. The time of antipyretic onset, the interval before axillary temperature rebounded within 24 hours after the first antipyretic effect, and the highest axillary temperatures on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days were compared between the two groups, as well as their therapeutic effects. Results: Compared with the control group, the treatment group had an earlier onset of antipyretic effect (P Conclusion: The customized prescription from the Jing ethnic group for treating children with Yang syndrome of common cold has a rapid onset, a lasting antipyretic duration, and excellent efficacy without significant adverse reactions, making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Evaluation of Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Values for 28,016 Bulgarian Women: Prognostic Statistical Model of Age Specific AMH Declining

The present study aims to establish a relationship between serum AMH levels and age in a large group of women living in Bulgaria, as well as to establish reference age-specific AMH levels in women that would serve as an initial estimate of ovarian age. A total of 28,016 women on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria were tested for serum AMH levels with a median age of 37.0 years (interquartile range 32.0 to 41.0). For women aged 20 - 29 years, the Bulgarian population has relatively high median levels of AMH, similar to women of Asian origin. For women aged 30 - 34 years, our results are comparable to those of women living in Western Europe. For women aged 35 - 39 years, our results are comparable to those of women living in the territory of India and Kenya. For women aged 40 - 44 years, our results were lower than those for women from the Western European and Chinese populations, close to the Indian and higher than Korean and Kenya populations, respectively. Our results for women of Bulgarian origin are also comparable to US Latina women at age 30, 35 and 40 ages. On the base on constructed a statistical model to predicting the decline in AMH levels at different ages, we found non-linear structure of AMH decline for the low AMH 3.5) the dependence of the decline of AMH on age was confirmed as linear. In conclusion, we evaluated the serum level of AMH in Bulgarian women and established age-specific AMH percentile reference values based on a large representative sample. We have developed a prognostic statistical model that can facilitate the application of AMH in clinical practice and the prediction of reproductive capacity and population health.

Research on the Investigation and Determination of Advantageous Diseases in Jing Ethnic Medicine

Objective: This paper aims to summarize and establish advantageous diseases in Jing ethnic medicine. Methods: The study employed literature review analysis, expert consultation, field investigation, folk visits, and clinical questionnaire surveys to summarize and conclude the advantageous diseases in Jing ethnic medicine. Results: The book “Jing Ethnic Medicine” records a total of 130 single prescriptions, 165 empirical prescriptions, and 99 dietary therapy prescriptions. Among these, the most frequently recorded prescriptions are for colds (17), coughs (22), gastric pain (31), diarrhea (22), abdominal pain (3), rheumatism (8), hepatitis (11), trauma (34, including injuries from poisonous fish, jellyfish stings, and falls), skin diseases (23), postpartum conditions (10), pediatric fever (3), pediatric malnutrition (4), and pediatric diarrhea (7). A total of 38 questionnaires were distributed and all 38 were valid, revealing that the top five advantageous diseases are colds (including pediatric colds and fever), abdominal pain, gastric pain, skin diseases, and bone pain. Conclusion: The advantageous diseases in Jing ethnic medicine are relatively clear, and standardized research on the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for gastric diseases, pediatric abdominal heat pain (colds), and abdominal pain (gallstones) should be conducted.

Iran-Turkmenistan Relations:Cross-Border Ethnic Groups and Comprehensive Governance Strategies

This study delves into the bilateral relations between Iran and Turkmenistan,focusing on the multidimensional impacts of cross-border ethnic groups,cultural diplomacy,and energy cooperation.The research reveals that despite challenges in security cooperation,such as regional political ideological differences and uneven power distribution,Iran has adopted diverse strategies to enhance cultural identity,social cohesion,and promote economic cooperation.Iran actively seeks to repair relations with Turkmenistan by emphasizing shared historical and cultural backgrounds,particularly the presence of cross-border Turkmen ethnic groups.Specific measures include developing cultural tourism,organizing cultural weeks,and establishing commemorative days.In the economic sphere,the two countries have signed significant natural gas supply agreements,strengthening energy cooperation.Iranian leaders often emphasize“blood ties”and deep cultural connections in diplomatic statements,combining cultural diplomacy with practical economic cooperation.The study’s findings indicate that Iran’s initiatives have led to the reorganization of national space and social reconstruction in border regions,promoting changes in public policy.By integrating cultural identity,historical connections,and economic interests,Iran has adopted a sophisticated diplomatic approach,laying the foundation for more stable and enduring bilateral relations while contributing to regional stability and sustainable development.

新书

Becoming the Chinese Nation--The Historical Memories ofthe Multi-ethnic Chinese Nation in 100 Cultural Relics It is a bilingual edition in both Chinese and English compiled by the Chinese National Museum of Ethnology,edited by Zheng Qian,and translated by Chi Jianfeng.This book explores the historical facts,archaeological objects,cultural relics,and other historical and cultural resources proving the exchange,communication,and integration of different ethnic groups.100 cultural relics with the historical memories are selected to interpret the historical connotation of the community for the Chinese nation.It is published by Sichuan Nationalities Publishing House(ISBN:9787573308610).