In this paper,crystallization kinetics of a series of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared by living polymerization coordination catalyzed by a fluorinated bis(phenoxyimine)Ti catalyst(FI-EP copolymers)was studied,a...In this paper,crystallization kinetics of a series of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared by living polymerization coordination catalyzed by a fluorinated bis(phenoxyimine)Ti catalyst(FI-EP copolymers)was studied,and was compared with that of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared by a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst(ZN-EP copolymers).It is found that,the Avrami exponent and the crystallization rate constant of the FI-EP and ZN-EP copolymer show similar dependence on crystallization temperature,but t...展开更多
Six ethylene-propylene copolymer samples with different structural parameters were analyzed by ^1H NMR,^13C NMR and ^1H-^13C COSY in this paper.With the aid of the ^1H-^13C COSY spectra of ethylene-propylene copolymer...Six ethylene-propylene copolymer samples with different structural parameters were analyzed by ^1H NMR,^13C NMR and ^1H-^13C COSY in this paper.With the aid of the ^1H-^13C COSY spectra of ethylene-propylene copolymer,the chemical inequivalence behavior of the protons attached to the same carbon in the ethylene-propylene copolymer could be observed. Four basic types of chemical bonds were divided,and two kinds of main conformations were proposed to explain this phenomenon. Based on the calculation of conformation distribution,it can be proved that the explanation of this phenomenon was reasonable.展开更多
A novel polypropylene random(PPR)composite materials with optimized properties was developed by addingβ-nucleating compound agents(rare earth complex WBG-2 and aryl amide derivative TMB-5)and ternary compound modifie...A novel polypropylene random(PPR)composite materials with optimized properties was developed by addingβ-nucleating compound agents(rare earth complex WBG-2 and aryl amide derivative TMB-5)and ternary compound modifier(TPE/WBG-2/CaCO_(3)).The effects of differentβ-nucleating agents and ternary compound modifier on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PPR were analyzed.The results show that,compared with pure PPR materials,both WBG-2 and TMB-5 could significantly improve the impact strength of PPR.The crystallization temperature of PPR increased with the addition ofβ-nucleating agent.The modified PPR prepared with ternary compound modifier showed the most excellent comprehensive properties.展开更多
Ethylene-propylene block copolymer(EbP) is a vital component in impact polypropylene copolymer(IPC), yet its distribution in the multiphase composite material and how it influences the phase structure and the mechanic...Ethylene-propylene block copolymer(EbP) is a vital component in impact polypropylene copolymer(IPC), yet its distribution in the multiphase composite material and how it influences the phase structure and the mechanical properties are not well understood. In this work,four IPCs were investigated by atomic force microscopy-infrared(AFM-IR) to assess the phase compositions in situ, based on which in conjunction with the chain microstructure information obtained ex situ the distributions of the copolymer components were derived for each alloy. For the IPCs whose EbP comprises long P and long E segments, the EbP fraction was found to phase separate from the rubber and the PP matrix to form the cores of the disperse particles with the E-P segmented copolymer(EsP). In contrast, in the IPC with EbP composed of long P and short E segments, the EbP fraction formed an outer shell for the rubber particles with the cores comprising the EsP alone, and this IPC, containing a lower E comonomer content than its counterpart, exhibited both better impact resistance and higher flexural modulus. These results clarify how the chain structure of EbP governs the phase morphology in IPC, which in turn impacts the properties of the composite material.展开更多
Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization.In our work,a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers(ACZn-x)were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid,zinc ox...Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization.In our work,a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers(ACZn-x)were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid,zinc oxide(ZnO)and a random quaternion copolymer consisting of ethyl acrylate(EA),butyl acrylate(BA),acrylic acid(AA)and methacrylic acid(MAA)by free radical polymerization and dehydration condensation.The ACZn-x with a zinc benzoate side chain is able to hydrolyze in natural seawater under static conditions,resulting in the formation of a smooth surface.We investigated and confirmed the antifouling(AF)behavior of ACZn-x in the laboratory and revealed that they have better antibacterial(86%for S.aureus and 72%for E.coli)and anti-algal(≥60.1%for N.closterium and≥67.5%for P.subcordiformis)activities.We also assessed the marine AF properties of ACZn-x and corresponding coatings in Qingdao,China;the ACZn-x exhibited ideal AF properties with little silt and biological mucosa adhered to the ACZn-x surface after 6 months,and corresponding coatings exhibited little biofouling after 16 months in the ocean.Importantly,possible AF mechanisms were further proposed at the cellular level.These results could be helpful for the development and application of effective AF coatings.展开更多
The stability of organic solar cells(OSCs)remains a major concern for their ultimate industrialization due to the photo,oxygen,and water susceptibility of organic photoactive materials.Usually,antioxidant additives ar...The stability of organic solar cells(OSCs)remains a major concern for their ultimate industrialization due to the photo,oxygen,and water susceptibility of organic photoactive materials.Usually,antioxidant additives are blended as radical scavengers into the active layer.However,it will induce the intrinsic morphology instability and adversely affect the efficiency and long-term stability.Herein,the antioxidant dibutylhydroxytoluene(BHT)group has been covalently linked onto the side chain of benzothiadiazole(BT)unit,and a series of ternary copolymers D18-Cl-BTBHTx(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2)with varied ratio of BHT-containing side chains have been synthesized.It was found that the introduction of BHT side chains would have a negligible effect on the photophysical properties and electronic levels,and the D18-Cl-BTBHT0.05:Y6-based OSC achieved the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.6%,which is higher than those based active layer blended with BHT additives.More importantly,the unencapsulated device based on D18-Cl-BTBHTx(x=0.05,0.1,0.2)retained approximately 50%of the initial PCE over 30 hours operation under ambient conditions,significantly outperforming the control device based on D18-Cl(90%degradation in PCE after 30 h).This work provides a new structural design strategy of copolymers for OSCs with simultaneously improved efficiency and stability.展开更多
Chitosan, as a kind of natural polymer, has many advantages, such as abundant sources, biological degradation, no secondary contamination and facile modification. In this work, we prepared modified chitosan flocculant...Chitosan, as a kind of natural polymer, has many advantages, such as abundant sources, biological degradation, no secondary contamination and facile modification. In this work, we prepared modified chitosan flocculants with double electrical behavior via polymerizing chitosan, acrylamide and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose together by using ammonium persulfate as the indicator in water. The product is a comb-type of chitosan copolymer and a polymeric ampholyte. And then we studied the product by FTIR, UV-Vis, TG, DSC spectrometeries and viscometry, etc. We also performed CACM′s water treat experiment. The effects of pH values, reaction time and dose of the new floccalant on treating various of waste water have been investigated, too.展开更多
In this article,alkali lignin separated from paper pulp waste was grafted into a novel copolymer LSAA (a copolymer of lignin,starch, acrylamide,and acrylic acid).Its practical application effect and environmental safe...In this article,alkali lignin separated from paper pulp waste was grafted into a novel copolymer LSAA (a copolymer of lignin,starch, acrylamide,and acrylic acid).Its practical application effect and environmental safety were studied.The results of field simulation experiment indicated that the application of LSAA significantly affected the output of the runoff and pollutants.The runoff quantity was decreased by 16.67%-47.00%and the loads of total suspended solids (TSS),chemical oxygen demand (COD),total nit...展开更多
Biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone)(PCDO) random copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone(CL) and p-dioxanone(PDO) under microwave irradiation.The eff...Biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone)(PCDO) random copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone(CL) and p-dioxanone(PDO) under microwave irradiation.The effects of irradiation time and different CL/PDO molar feed ratios on the microwave-assisted ring-opening polymerization(MROP) of PCDO have been discussed.The resultant products were characterized by ~1H NMR,GPC and DSC.It was found that the polymerization was completed within 20 min at 140℃.In th...展开更多
EVA was widely used as the pour point depressant for waxy oil.In order to improve its effect,some graft copolymerization methods should be used to modify EVA's property.EVA has long side chains and nitrogen polar ...EVA was widely used as the pour point depressant for waxy oil.In order to improve its effect,some graft copolymerization methods should be used to modify EVA's property.EVA has long side chains and nitrogen polar groups to enforce its adaptability and effect of waxy oil.The pure amine,maleicanhydride and their reaction product were tested using infrared spectra and the NMR spectral.The results show that when the modified EVA is added into oil,the wax deposits not only on the main chain but also on the side chains.And the polar groups have the function to avoid and resist the wax crystals connection each other to form the net.Using the reaction product of maleicanhydride and high carbonic amine(C12,C16,C18 amine) as the graft component,the toluene as the solvent and BPO as the initiator,the series of new EVA graft copolymer with special side chains are prepared under controlled condition.A series of cylmaleimide exist indeed in modified EVA and the highest grafted percentage is 18.8%.EVA-16,the new graft copolymer,is better than EVA about 3 ℃ more in depressant the pour-point of Daqing waxy crude oil.展开更多
The rapid development of low-bandgap(LBG)nonfullerene acceptors and wide-bandgap(WBG)copolymer donors in recent years has boosted the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)to the 18%level[1−21].T...The rapid development of low-bandgap(LBG)nonfullerene acceptors and wide-bandgap(WBG)copolymer donors in recent years has boosted the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)to the 18%level[1−21].The commercialization of OSCs is highly expected.However,critical issues like the cost and the stability also determine whether OSCs can enter the market or not[22].展开更多
Fouling resistance of ultrafiltration(UF) membranes is critical for their long-term usages in terms of stable performance, so convenient approaches to prepare fouling-resistant membranes are always anticipated. Herein...Fouling resistance of ultrafiltration(UF) membranes is critical for their long-term usages in terms of stable performance, so convenient approaches to prepare fouling-resistant membranes are always anticipated. Herein, we demonstrate the facile fabrication of antifouling polysulfone-block-poly(ethylene glycol)(PSF-b-PEG, SFEG)composite membranes. SFEG layer was coated onto macroporous supports and cavitated by immerging them in acetone/n-propanol following the mechanism of selective swelling induced pore generation. Thus-produced SFEG membranes possessed high permeance and excellent mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the structures and separation performances of the SFEG layers can be continuously tuned through simply changing swelling durations. More importantly, the hydrophilic PEG chains were spontaneously enriched onto the pore walls through swelling treatment, endowing intrinsic antifouling property to the SFEG membranes. Bovine serum albumin(BSA)/humic acid(HA) fouling tests proved the prominent fouling resistance of SFEG membranes, and the fouling resistance is expected to be long-standing because of the firm connection between PEG chains and PSF matrix by covalent bonding.展开更多
The copolymerization of ethylene with dieyclopentadiene (DCP) in the presence of a constrained geometry tetramethylcyclopentadi-enyl-phenoxytitanium catalyst [ 2,4-' Bu2-6-( 2,3,4,5-Me4 -Cp ) -PhO ] TICl2, combin...The copolymerization of ethylene with dieyclopentadiene (DCP) in the presence of a constrained geometry tetramethylcyclopentadi-enyl-phenoxytitanium catalyst [ 2,4-' Bu2-6-( 2,3,4,5-Me4 -Cp ) -PhO ] TICl2, combined with AI( iBu)3/Ph3C^+ B( CsF5 )4^- cocatalyst system was studied. The copolymers that were formed were characterized by ' H and ,3 C NMR, differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC), SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The re- suits of the analysis indicate that the copolymers of ethylene with dicyclopentadiene are amorphous and display two or more melting temperatures in their DSC diagrams. Moreover, the morphologies of the copolymers are quite different from that of polyethylenes.展开更多
A new kind of high performance composite resin matrix PEEK/PES, PEEKK/PES block copolymers have been prepared from the corresponding oligomers via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The different propertie...A new kind of high performance composite resin matrix PEEK/PES, PEEKK/PES block copolymers have been prepared from the corresponding oligomers via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The different properties of the copolymers are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (d. s. c), thermogravimetric analysis (t. g. a) and dynamic mechanical analysis (d. m. a). The results show that the relationship between Tg and the compositions of the copolymers approximately follows the formula 1/Tg=W1/Tg1 +W2/Tg2 for PEEKK/PES block copolymers, and Tg=Tg1W1 +Tg2W2 for PEEK/PES block copolymers. The PES content and the segment length of the copolymers have a significant influence on their melting point. The thermal properties and dynamic mechanical behaviour of the copolymers are also studied. The introduction of PES segment into the molecular main chain increases the glass transition temperature of poly aryl ether ketones and decreases their melting temperature, that is to say it decreases their melting processing temperature. The block copolymers keep the high temperature stability and solvent resistance of poly aryl ether ketones. They are expected to be a new kind of high performance composite resin matrix.展开更多
The impact properties of two selected metallocene-catalyzed ethylene-butene copolymers and one conventionalcopolymer were evaluated using Izod impact test. It is found that the metallocene-catalyzed copolymer shows su...The impact properties of two selected metallocene-catalyzed ethylene-butene copolymers and one conventionalcopolymer were evaluated using Izod impact test. It is found that the metallocene-catalyzed copolymer shows superior impactproperties. This result was explained on the basis of the more homogeneous inter-molecular composition distribution andnarrower molecular weight distribution, which leads to more homogeneous morphology with fewer defects. Stepwisecrystallization improves the impact properties, especially in the crack propagation process, to a large extent. This is due to thedecrease of entanglements by stepwise crystallization, which is advantageous for the chain slip and shear. The polymer withheterogeneous intra-molecular composition distribution exhibits a more evident improvement of impact properties understepwise crystallization.展开更多
This study aims to beneficiate low grade goethitic iron ore fines using a selective flocculation process. Selective flocculation studies were conducted using different polymers such as starch amylopectin(AP), poly acr...This study aims to beneficiate low grade goethitic iron ore fines using a selective flocculation process. Selective flocculation studies were conducted using different polymers such as starch amylopectin(AP), poly acrylic acid(PAA), and a graft copolymer(AP-g-PAA). The obtained results were analyzed; they indicate the enhancement of the iron ore grade from 58.49% to 67.52% using AP-g-PAA with a recovery of 95.08%. In addition, 64.45% Fe with a recovery of 88.79% was obtained using AP. Similarly, using PAA, the grade increased to 63.46% Fe with a recovery of 82.10%. The findings are also supported by characterizing concentrates using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) techniques.展开更多
Synthesis of a cold flow improver (MAVA-a) for diesel fuel and its effect on solidifying point (SP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of diesel fuels were investigated, The cold flow improver was prepared by...Synthesis of a cold flow improver (MAVA-a) for diesel fuel and its effect on solidifying point (SP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of diesel fuels were investigated, The cold flow improver was prepared by using maleic anhydride (MA) and vinyl acetate (VA) as raw materials, toluene as solvent, dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator, through alternating polymerization under nitrogen to obtain a binary-polymer and then through aminolysis by using a higher carbon amine as aminating agent at a temperature of 80 ℃. A cold flow improver was designed and prepared for No. 0 diesel fuel from Zhang Jia-Gang Petrochemical Company according to the contents of n-paraffin and its carbon number distribution in the No. 0 diesel fuel. It was also used together with two kinds of ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer improvers (EVA) separately. The test result showed that the CFPP of the No. 0 diesel fuel could be lowered by 3-5 ℃ when the improver MAVA-a was used. The CFPP was lowered by 8℃ when the improver MAVA-a was used together with EVA-2.展开更多
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer-5-fluorouracil (PHPMA-FU) conjugates were synthesized by a novel and simplified synthetic route, and characterized by UV, FTIR and HPLC analyses. The conjugated content...N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer-5-fluorouracil (PHPMA-FU) conjugates were synthesized by a novel and simplified synthetic route, and characterized by UV, FTIR and HPLC analyses. The conjugated content of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was 3.41 ± 0.07 wt%. The stabilities of PHPMA-FU conjugates under different conditions were studied. The results showed that HPMA copolymer was a potential carrier for tumor-targeting delivery of 5-FU.展开更多
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2005CB623804).
文摘In this paper,crystallization kinetics of a series of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared by living polymerization coordination catalyzed by a fluorinated bis(phenoxyimine)Ti catalyst(FI-EP copolymers)was studied,and was compared with that of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared by a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst(ZN-EP copolymers).It is found that,the Avrami exponent and the crystallization rate constant of the FI-EP and ZN-EP copolymer show similar dependence on crystallization temperature,but t...
文摘Six ethylene-propylene copolymer samples with different structural parameters were analyzed by ^1H NMR,^13C NMR and ^1H-^13C COSY in this paper.With the aid of the ^1H-^13C COSY spectra of ethylene-propylene copolymer,the chemical inequivalence behavior of the protons attached to the same carbon in the ethylene-propylene copolymer could be observed. Four basic types of chemical bonds were divided,and two kinds of main conformations were proposed to explain this phenomenon. Based on the calculation of conformation distribution,it can be proved that the explanation of this phenomenon was reasonable.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.20180550432)Natural Science Foundation for Young Doctoral Research(No.2020-BS-158)Basic Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(No.LJKQZ2021060)。
文摘A novel polypropylene random(PPR)composite materials with optimized properties was developed by addingβ-nucleating compound agents(rare earth complex WBG-2 and aryl amide derivative TMB-5)and ternary compound modifier(TPE/WBG-2/CaCO_(3)).The effects of differentβ-nucleating agents and ternary compound modifier on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PPR were analyzed.The results show that,compared with pure PPR materials,both WBG-2 and TMB-5 could significantly improve the impact strength of PPR.The crystallization temperature of PPR increased with the addition ofβ-nucleating agent.The modified PPR prepared with ternary compound modifier showed the most excellent comprehensive properties.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52073277)the Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province (No.2020HZ06019)。
文摘Ethylene-propylene block copolymer(EbP) is a vital component in impact polypropylene copolymer(IPC), yet its distribution in the multiphase composite material and how it influences the phase structure and the mechanical properties are not well understood. In this work,four IPCs were investigated by atomic force microscopy-infrared(AFM-IR) to assess the phase compositions in situ, based on which in conjunction with the chain microstructure information obtained ex situ the distributions of the copolymer components were derived for each alloy. For the IPCs whose EbP comprises long P and long E segments, the EbP fraction was found to phase separate from the rubber and the PP matrix to form the cores of the disperse particles with the E-P segmented copolymer(EsP). In contrast, in the IPC with EbP composed of long P and short E segments, the EbP fraction formed an outer shell for the rubber particles with the cores comprising the EsP alone, and this IPC, containing a lower E comonomer content than its counterpart, exhibited both better impact resistance and higher flexural modulus. These results clarify how the chain structure of EbP governs the phase morphology in IPC, which in turn impacts the properties of the composite material.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2019YFC0312101)the Scientific Research Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City Administration(No.SKJC2020-01-015)the Hainan Provincial Key Research and Development Project(No.ZDYF2021GXJS029)。
文摘Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization.In our work,a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers(ACZn-x)were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid,zinc oxide(ZnO)and a random quaternion copolymer consisting of ethyl acrylate(EA),butyl acrylate(BA),acrylic acid(AA)and methacrylic acid(MAA)by free radical polymerization and dehydration condensation.The ACZn-x with a zinc benzoate side chain is able to hydrolyze in natural seawater under static conditions,resulting in the formation of a smooth surface.We investigated and confirmed the antifouling(AF)behavior of ACZn-x in the laboratory and revealed that they have better antibacterial(86%for S.aureus and 72%for E.coli)and anti-algal(≥60.1%for N.closterium and≥67.5%for P.subcordiformis)activities.We also assessed the marine AF properties of ACZn-x and corresponding coatings in Qingdao,China;the ACZn-x exhibited ideal AF properties with little silt and biological mucosa adhered to the ACZn-x surface after 6 months,and corresponding coatings exhibited little biofouling after 16 months in the ocean.Importantly,possible AF mechanisms were further proposed at the cellular level.These results could be helpful for the development and application of effective AF coatings.
基金This work was financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705900)funded by MOSTthe Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030302007)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A6002)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials(No.2019B121205002).
文摘The stability of organic solar cells(OSCs)remains a major concern for their ultimate industrialization due to the photo,oxygen,and water susceptibility of organic photoactive materials.Usually,antioxidant additives are blended as radical scavengers into the active layer.However,it will induce the intrinsic morphology instability and adversely affect the efficiency and long-term stability.Herein,the antioxidant dibutylhydroxytoluene(BHT)group has been covalently linked onto the side chain of benzothiadiazole(BT)unit,and a series of ternary copolymers D18-Cl-BTBHTx(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2)with varied ratio of BHT-containing side chains have been synthesized.It was found that the introduction of BHT side chains would have a negligible effect on the photophysical properties and electronic levels,and the D18-Cl-BTBHT0.05:Y6-based OSC achieved the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.6%,which is higher than those based active layer blended with BHT additives.More importantly,the unencapsulated device based on D18-Cl-BTBHTx(x=0.05,0.1,0.2)retained approximately 50%of the initial PCE over 30 hours operation under ambient conditions,significantly outperforming the control device based on D18-Cl(90%degradation in PCE after 30 h).This work provides a new structural design strategy of copolymers for OSCs with simultaneously improved efficiency and stability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30 3716 95 )
文摘Chitosan, as a kind of natural polymer, has many advantages, such as abundant sources, biological degradation, no secondary contamination and facile modification. In this work, we prepared modified chitosan flocculants with double electrical behavior via polymerizing chitosan, acrylamide and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose together by using ammonium persulfate as the indicator in water. The product is a comb-type of chitosan copolymer and a polymeric ampholyte. And then we studied the product by FTIR, UV-Vis, TG, DSC spectrometeries and viscometry, etc. We also performed CACM′s water treat experiment. The effects of pH values, reaction time and dose of the new floccalant on treating various of waste water have been investigated, too.
文摘In this article,alkali lignin separated from paper pulp waste was grafted into a novel copolymer LSAA (a copolymer of lignin,starch, acrylamide,and acrylic acid).Its practical application effect and environmental safety were studied.The results of field simulation experiment indicated that the application of LSAA significantly affected the output of the runoff and pollutants.The runoff quantity was decreased by 16.67%-47.00%and the loads of total suspended solids (TSS),chemical oxygen demand (COD),total nit...
文摘Biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone)(PCDO) random copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone(CL) and p-dioxanone(PDO) under microwave irradiation.The effects of irradiation time and different CL/PDO molar feed ratios on the microwave-assisted ring-opening polymerization(MROP) of PCDO have been discussed.The resultant products were characterized by ~1H NMR,GPC and DSC.It was found that the polymerization was completed within 20 min at 140℃.In th...
文摘EVA was widely used as the pour point depressant for waxy oil.In order to improve its effect,some graft copolymerization methods should be used to modify EVA's property.EVA has long side chains and nitrogen polar groups to enforce its adaptability and effect of waxy oil.The pure amine,maleicanhydride and their reaction product were tested using infrared spectra and the NMR spectral.The results show that when the modified EVA is added into oil,the wax deposits not only on the main chain but also on the side chains.And the polar groups have the function to avoid and resist the wax crystals connection each other to form the net.Using the reaction product of maleicanhydride and high carbonic amine(C12,C16,C18 amine) as the graft component,the toluene as the solvent and BPO as the initiator,the series of new EVA graft copolymer with special side chains are prepared under controlled condition.A series of cylmaleimide exist indeed in modified EVA and the highest grafted percentage is 18.8%.EVA-16,the new graft copolymer,is better than EVA about 3 ℃ more in depressant the pour-point of Daqing waxy crude oil.
基金We thank the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0206600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773045,21772030,51922032,21961160720,62074022)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020CDJQY-A055)the Youth Association for Promoting Innovation(CAS)for financial support.
文摘The rapid development of low-bandgap(LBG)nonfullerene acceptors and wide-bandgap(WBG)copolymer donors in recent years has boosted the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)to the 18%level[1−21].The commercialization of OSCs is highly expected.However,critical issues like the cost and the stability also determine whether OSCs can enter the market or not[22].
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776126)the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB655301)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20150063)partially supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes(M1-201702).
文摘Fouling resistance of ultrafiltration(UF) membranes is critical for their long-term usages in terms of stable performance, so convenient approaches to prepare fouling-resistant membranes are always anticipated. Herein, we demonstrate the facile fabrication of antifouling polysulfone-block-poly(ethylene glycol)(PSF-b-PEG, SFEG)composite membranes. SFEG layer was coated onto macroporous supports and cavitated by immerging them in acetone/n-propanol following the mechanism of selective swelling induced pore generation. Thus-produced SFEG membranes possessed high permeance and excellent mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the structures and separation performances of the SFEG layers can be continuously tuned through simply changing swelling durations. More importantly, the hydrophilic PEG chains were spontaneously enriched onto the pore walls through swelling treatment, endowing intrinsic antifouling property to the SFEG membranes. Bovine serum albumin(BSA)/humic acid(HA) fouling tests proved the prominent fouling resistance of SFEG membranes, and the fouling resistance is expected to be long-standing because of the firm connection between PEG chains and PSF matrix by covalent bonding.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos 20674024 and 20374023)
文摘The copolymerization of ethylene with dieyclopentadiene (DCP) in the presence of a constrained geometry tetramethylcyclopentadi-enyl-phenoxytitanium catalyst [ 2,4-' Bu2-6-( 2,3,4,5-Me4 -Cp ) -PhO ] TICl2, combined with AI( iBu)3/Ph3C^+ B( CsF5 )4^- cocatalyst system was studied. The copolymers that were formed were characterized by ' H and ,3 C NMR, differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC), SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The re- suits of the analysis indicate that the copolymers of ethylene with dicyclopentadiene are amorphous and display two or more melting temperatures in their DSC diagrams. Moreover, the morphologies of the copolymers are quite different from that of polyethylenes.
文摘A new kind of high performance composite resin matrix PEEK/PES, PEEKK/PES block copolymers have been prepared from the corresponding oligomers via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The different properties of the copolymers are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (d. s. c), thermogravimetric analysis (t. g. a) and dynamic mechanical analysis (d. m. a). The results show that the relationship between Tg and the compositions of the copolymers approximately follows the formula 1/Tg=W1/Tg1 +W2/Tg2 for PEEKK/PES block copolymers, and Tg=Tg1W1 +Tg2W2 for PEEK/PES block copolymers. The PES content and the segment length of the copolymers have a significant influence on their melting point. The thermal properties and dynamic mechanical behaviour of the copolymers are also studied. The introduction of PES segment into the molecular main chain increases the glass transition temperature of poly aryl ether ketones and decreases their melting temperature, that is to say it decreases their melting processing temperature. The block copolymers keep the high temperature stability and solvent resistance of poly aryl ether ketones. They are expected to be a new kind of high performance composite resin matrix.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59703002).
文摘The impact properties of two selected metallocene-catalyzed ethylene-butene copolymers and one conventionalcopolymer were evaluated using Izod impact test. It is found that the metallocene-catalyzed copolymer shows superior impactproperties. This result was explained on the basis of the more homogeneous inter-molecular composition distribution andnarrower molecular weight distribution, which leads to more homogeneous morphology with fewer defects. Stepwisecrystallization improves the impact properties, especially in the crack propagation process, to a large extent. This is due to thedecrease of entanglements by stepwise crystallization, which is advantageous for the chain slip and shear. The polymer withheterogeneous intra-molecular composition distribution exhibits a more evident improvement of impact properties understepwise crystallization.
基金the National Metallurgical Laboratory,Jamshedpur for their kind support
文摘This study aims to beneficiate low grade goethitic iron ore fines using a selective flocculation process. Selective flocculation studies were conducted using different polymers such as starch amylopectin(AP), poly acrylic acid(PAA), and a graft copolymer(AP-g-PAA). The obtained results were analyzed; they indicate the enhancement of the iron ore grade from 58.49% to 67.52% using AP-g-PAA with a recovery of 95.08%. In addition, 64.45% Fe with a recovery of 88.79% was obtained using AP. Similarly, using PAA, the grade increased to 63.46% Fe with a recovery of 82.10%. The findings are also supported by characterizing concentrates using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) techniques.
基金Supported by the Basic Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing (200310) China University of Petroleum,Beijing,China
文摘Synthesis of a cold flow improver (MAVA-a) for diesel fuel and its effect on solidifying point (SP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of diesel fuels were investigated, The cold flow improver was prepared by using maleic anhydride (MA) and vinyl acetate (VA) as raw materials, toluene as solvent, dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator, through alternating polymerization under nitrogen to obtain a binary-polymer and then through aminolysis by using a higher carbon amine as aminating agent at a temperature of 80 ℃. A cold flow improver was designed and prepared for No. 0 diesel fuel from Zhang Jia-Gang Petrochemical Company according to the contents of n-paraffin and its carbon number distribution in the No. 0 diesel fuel. It was also used together with two kinds of ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer improvers (EVA) separately. The test result showed that the CFPP of the No. 0 diesel fuel could be lowered by 3-5 ℃ when the improver MAVA-a was used. The CFPP was lowered by 8℃ when the improver MAVA-a was used together with EVA-2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30500636)Ministry of Education(NCET-06-0786).
文摘N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer-5-fluorouracil (PHPMA-FU) conjugates were synthesized by a novel and simplified synthetic route, and characterized by UV, FTIR and HPLC analyses. The conjugated content of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was 3.41 ± 0.07 wt%. The stabilities of PHPMA-FU conjugates under different conditions were studied. The results showed that HPMA copolymer was a potential carrier for tumor-targeting delivery of 5-FU.