Implementing machine learning algorithms in the non-conducive environment of the vehicular network requires some adaptations due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms.K-clustering algorithms are sim...Implementing machine learning algorithms in the non-conducive environment of the vehicular network requires some adaptations due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms.K-clustering algorithms are simplistic,with fast performance and relative accuracy.However,their implementation depends on the initial selection of clusters number(K),the initial clusters’centers,and the clustering metric.This paper investigated using Scott’s histogram formula to estimate the K number and the Link Expiration Time(LET)as a clustering metric.Realistic traffic flows were considered for three maps,namely Highway,Traffic Light junction,and Roundabout junction,to study the effect of road layout on estimating the K number.A fast version of the PAM algorithm was used for clustering with a modification to reduce time complexity.The Affinity propagation algorithm sets the baseline for the estimated K number,and the Medoid Silhouette method is used to quantify the clustering.OMNET++,Veins,and SUMO were used to simulate the traffic,while the related algorithms were implemented in Python.The Scott’s formula estimation of the K number only matched the baseline when the road layout was simple.Moreover,the clustering algorithm required one iteration on average to converge when used with LET.展开更多
Using Euler’s first-order explicit(EE)method and the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO)to discretize the time and internal crystal-size derivatives,respectively,the Euler’s first-order explicit method–peridyna...Using Euler’s first-order explicit(EE)method and the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO)to discretize the time and internal crystal-size derivatives,respectively,the Euler’s first-order explicit method–peridynamic differential operator(EE–PDDO)was obtained for solving the one-dimensional population balance equation in crystallization.Four different conditions during crystallization were studied:size-independent growth,sizedependent growth in a batch process,nucleation and size-independent growth,and nucleation and size-dependent growth in a continuous process.The high accuracy of the EE–PDDO method was confirmed by comparing it with the numerical results obtained using the second-order upwind and HR-van methods.The method is characterized by non-oscillation and high accuracy,especially in the discontinuous and sharp crystal size distribution.The stability of the EE–PDDO method,choice of weight function in the PDDO method,and optimal time step are also discussed.展开更多
Objective:To provide the mechanism-based pharmacotherapy of the Huatan Qushi formula(HTQS for-mula),for the health management and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:A rat model of NAFLD was ...Objective:To provide the mechanism-based pharmacotherapy of the Huatan Qushi formula(HTQS for-mula),for the health management and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:A rat model of NAFLD was employed to examine the efficacy and safety of the HTQS formula.In vivo active components and potential mechanisms of the HTQS formula were identified using UPLC‒MS/MS combined with network pharmacology.The influence of the HTQS formula on the dominating proteins in PI3K/Akt pathway was validated in vivo using western blot.Finally,16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiome was conducted followed by targeted metabolomics detecting fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and bile acids to determine the impact of the HTQS formula on gut microbiota.Results:The HTQS formula reduced weight gain and hepatic steatosis in NAFLD rats and decreased serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides,blood glucose,and insulin resistance(IR)without causing liver or kidney injury.We detected 28 components using UPLC‒MS/MS and identified 439 shared targets be-tween NAFLD and the HTQS formula.Primarily,we focused on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway based on protein‒protein interaction network analysis.We validated that the HTQS formula inhibited liver stea-tosis and inflammation by increasing the phosphorylation levels of PI3K,AKT,P27,GSK3b in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the HTQS formula reduced the abundance of the genus Family_XIII_AD3011_group,which was positively correlated with IR and taurodeoxycholic acid.In addition,Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 inversely correlated with TC and five bile acids,which could be essential to the therapeutic effect of the HTQS formula against NAFLD.Conclusions:The HTQS formula proved to be an effective pharmacotherapy for NAFLD without causing liver or kidney injury.Multiple potent components of the HTQS formula could alleviate liver steatosis and lipid metabolism disorder by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and restoring gut microbiota composition.展开更多
This paper develops Euler ’loadlng formula of large deflection to be easy to measure in-situ and puts forward the differeuce quick iterative solution ror large deflection of beam and column, whick can solve the uon-l...This paper develops Euler ’loadlng formula of large deflection to be easy to measure in-situ and puts forward the differeuce quick iterative solution ror large deflection of beam and column, whick can solve the uon-linear equation like a kind of θ"+K(s)f(θ) =0.展开更多
We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists betw...We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.展开更多
As is well known,the definitions of fractional sum and fractional difference of f(z)on non-uniform lattices x(z)=c1z^(2)+c2z+c3 or x(z)=c1q^(z)+c2q^(-z)+c3 are more difficult and complicated.In this article,for the fi...As is well known,the definitions of fractional sum and fractional difference of f(z)on non-uniform lattices x(z)=c1z^(2)+c2z+c3 or x(z)=c1q^(z)+c2q^(-z)+c3 are more difficult and complicated.In this article,for the first time we propose the definitions of the fractional sum and fractional difference on non-uniform lattices by two different ways.The analogue of Euler’s Beta formula,Cauchy’Beta formula on non-uniform lattices are established,and some fundamental theorems of fractional calculas,the solution of the generalized Abel equation on non-uniform lattices are obtained etc.展开更多
To deduce a new color difference formula based on CIE 1997 Color Appearance Model(CIECAM97s), a color space J a 1 b 1 is first constructed with color appearance descriptors J,a,b in CIECAM97s. The new f...To deduce a new color difference formula based on CIE 1997 Color Appearance Model(CIECAM97s), a color space J a 1 b 1 is first constructed with color appearance descriptors J,a,b in CIECAM97s. The new formula is then deduced in the space and named CDF CIECAM97s. The factors for lightness, chroma and hue correction in the formula are derived by linear regression according to BFD? CP data sets. It is found by statistical analysis that CDF CIECAM97s is in closer accordance with the visual assessments when compared with CMC(1∶1), CIE94 and CIE L *a *b * color difference formulae. Based on color appearance model, the new color difference formula can be used to predict color difference perception in a varity of different viewing conditions.展开更多
Objective:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second largest neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer’s disease(AD),which associated with aging.There are many similarities in pathology and pathogenesis,even in the TC...Objective:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second largest neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer’s disease(AD),which associated with aging.There are many similarities in pathology and pathogenesis,even in the TCM theory understanding,so we can learn from each other in the process of drug discovery.The clinical results showed that Bushen-Yizhi formula(BSYZ)could effectively improve the neurological function score of senile dementia patients and had a better anti-dementia effect.Further pharmacological studies showed that BSYZ had neuroprotective effects,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-apoptosis and neurotrophic effects.In this study,the therapeutic effect of BSYZ on PD was evaluated in vivo and in vivo,and its molecular mechanism was discussed in order to expand the scope of application of BSYZ and to provide strategies for drug discovery of related neurodegenerative diseases.Methods:C57 BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with MPTP to construct a PD mouse model.BSYZ(1.46,2.92,5.84 mg·kg-1)was administered for two weeks,and the positive control group was given a NSAID,piroxicam(12.5 mg·kg-1).After 1 week of pretreatment,MPTP was used to construct a PD mouse model.The mice were subjected to Rotation test on days 1,3 and 5,6th day.and the movement coordination and exercise ability of the drug on PD mice were observed on theThe number of TH-positive cells,Iba1 and CD68-labeled microglial cells in SNpc region were observed by immunofluorescence to observe the proliferation and activation of microglial cells and GFAP-labeled astrocytes.Western blotting was used to detect the nuclear transfer of NLRP3,Caspase-1,ASC,pro-IL-1β,IL-1βand NF-κB in the midbrain.Results:1.BSYZ could significantly improve the expression of MPTP model mice in the experiment of fatigue and Y-maze,increase the number of neurons in SNpc region and the positive expression of TH protein.2.BSYZ significantly inhibited the number of Iba1/CD68-positive microglial cells in MPTP-model mice and decreased the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes.3.BSYZ significantly inhibited the expression of NLRP3-associated protein in BV2 microglial cells induced by LPS+ATP and inhibited the nuclear transfer of NF-κB.Conclusion:BSYZ can effectively relieve the motor dysfunction of PD model mice,improve the damage of dopaminergic neurons,inhibit the proliferation and activation of microglial cells and astrocytes,and have good anti-MPTPinduced neuroinflammation and neuroinflammation mediated by nuclear transfer of NF-κB.The results show that BSYZ has a good prospect of anti-Parkinson’s disease and provides valuable drug discovery strategies for the related neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to define the generalized Euler numbers and the generalized Euler numbers of higher order, their recursion formula and some properties were established, accordingly Euler numbers and Euler...The purpose of this paper is to define the generalized Euler numbers and the generalized Euler numbers of higher order, their recursion formula and some properties were established, accordingly Euler numbers and Euler numbers of higher order were extended.展开更多
For any given positive integer n ≥ 1, the Euler function φ（n） is defined to be the number of positive integers not exceeding n which are relatively prime to n. w（n） is defined to be the number of different prime...For any given positive integer n ≥ 1, the Euler function φ（n） is defined to be the number of positive integers not exceeding n which are relatively prime to n. w（n） is defined to be the number of different prime divisors of n. Some kind of equations involving Euler＇s function is studied in the paper.展开更多
Compound Formula Rehmannia has been shown to be clinically effective in treating Parkinson＇s disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a model of P...Compound Formula Rehmannia has been shown to be clinically effective in treating Parkinson＇s disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a model of Parkinson＇s disease dyskinesia in rats, and treated these animals with Compound Formula Rehmannia. Compound Formula Rehmannia inhibited the increase in mRNA expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits 1 and 2 and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter genes, and it inhibited the reduction in expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B1, an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter gene, in the corpus striatum. In addition, Compound Formula Rehmannia alleviated dyskinesia symptoms in the Parkinson＇s disease rats. These experimental findings indicate that Compound Formula Rehmannia alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson＇s disease by modulating neurotransmitter signaling in the corpus striatum.展开更多
Long-term application of levodopa （L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, L-DOPA） for Parkinson＇s disease can lead to adverse effects and reduce the amount of dopamine transporter （DAT） in the corpus striatum. The presen...Long-term application of levodopa （L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, L-DOPA） for Parkinson＇s disease can lead to adverse effects and reduce the amount of dopamine transporter （DAT） in the corpus striatum. The present study attempted to vedfy whether increasing the amount of DAT can reduce the adverse effects of L-DOPA. The specific radioactive uptake value of DAT in the corpus striatum of the lesioned hemisphere was significantly decreased, but was significantly increased following administration of compound rehmannia formula [Radix rehmanniae preparata （prepared rehmannia root）, Concha margantifera usta （nacre）, Radix paeoniae alba （white peony alba）, Radix salviae miltiotThizae （Danshen root）, Scorpio （scorpion）, green tea] for 4 weeks. The changes in DAT 1251-beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-（4-iodophenyl） tropane autoradiography were consistent with those in radioactivity. The results revealed that the compound rehmannia formula can reduce the adverse effects of L-DOPA in treating Parkinson＇s disease, possibly by increasing the amount of DAT.展开更多
文摘Implementing machine learning algorithms in the non-conducive environment of the vehicular network requires some adaptations due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms.K-clustering algorithms are simplistic,with fast performance and relative accuracy.However,their implementation depends on the initial selection of clusters number(K),the initial clusters’centers,and the clustering metric.This paper investigated using Scott’s histogram formula to estimate the K number and the Link Expiration Time(LET)as a clustering metric.Realistic traffic flows were considered for three maps,namely Highway,Traffic Light junction,and Roundabout junction,to study the effect of road layout on estimating the K number.A fast version of the PAM algorithm was used for clustering with a modification to reduce time complexity.The Affinity propagation algorithm sets the baseline for the estimated K number,and the Medoid Silhouette method is used to quantify the clustering.OMNET++,Veins,and SUMO were used to simulate the traffic,while the related algorithms were implemented in Python.The Scott’s formula estimation of the K number only matched the baseline when the road layout was simple.Moreover,the clustering algorithm required one iteration on average to converge when used with LET.
文摘Using Euler’s first-order explicit(EE)method and the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO)to discretize the time and internal crystal-size derivatives,respectively,the Euler’s first-order explicit method–peridynamic differential operator(EE–PDDO)was obtained for solving the one-dimensional population balance equation in crystallization.Four different conditions during crystallization were studied:size-independent growth,sizedependent growth in a batch process,nucleation and size-independent growth,and nucleation and size-dependent growth in a continuous process.The high accuracy of the EE–PDDO method was confirmed by comparing it with the numerical results obtained using the second-order upwind and HR-van methods.The method is characterized by non-oscillation and high accuracy,especially in the discontinuous and sharp crystal size distribution.The stability of the EE–PDDO method,choice of weight function in the PDDO method,and optimal time step are also discussed.
基金supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374308)National Key Research and Development Program(NKRDP)(2022YFC2010104)Henan Province Special Projects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Research(2024ZY2067),and National Talent Precision Cultivation Plan of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.
文摘Objective:To provide the mechanism-based pharmacotherapy of the Huatan Qushi formula(HTQS for-mula),for the health management and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:A rat model of NAFLD was employed to examine the efficacy and safety of the HTQS formula.In vivo active components and potential mechanisms of the HTQS formula were identified using UPLC‒MS/MS combined with network pharmacology.The influence of the HTQS formula on the dominating proteins in PI3K/Akt pathway was validated in vivo using western blot.Finally,16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiome was conducted followed by targeted metabolomics detecting fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and bile acids to determine the impact of the HTQS formula on gut microbiota.Results:The HTQS formula reduced weight gain and hepatic steatosis in NAFLD rats and decreased serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides,blood glucose,and insulin resistance(IR)without causing liver or kidney injury.We detected 28 components using UPLC‒MS/MS and identified 439 shared targets be-tween NAFLD and the HTQS formula.Primarily,we focused on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway based on protein‒protein interaction network analysis.We validated that the HTQS formula inhibited liver stea-tosis and inflammation by increasing the phosphorylation levels of PI3K,AKT,P27,GSK3b in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the HTQS formula reduced the abundance of the genus Family_XIII_AD3011_group,which was positively correlated with IR and taurodeoxycholic acid.In addition,Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 inversely correlated with TC and five bile acids,which could be essential to the therapeutic effect of the HTQS formula against NAFLD.Conclusions:The HTQS formula proved to be an effective pharmacotherapy for NAFLD without causing liver or kidney injury.Multiple potent components of the HTQS formula could alleviate liver steatosis and lipid metabolism disorder by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and restoring gut microbiota composition.
文摘This paper develops Euler ’loadlng formula of large deflection to be easy to measure in-situ and puts forward the differeuce quick iterative solution ror large deflection of beam and column, whick can solve the uon-linear equation like a kind of θ"+K(s)f(θ) =0.
文摘We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Fujian province of China(2016J01032).
文摘As is well known,the definitions of fractional sum and fractional difference of f(z)on non-uniform lattices x(z)=c1z^(2)+c2z+c3 or x(z)=c1q^(z)+c2q^(-z)+c3 are more difficult and complicated.In this article,for the first time we propose the definitions of the fractional sum and fractional difference on non-uniform lattices by two different ways.The analogue of Euler’s Beta formula,Cauchy’Beta formula on non-uniform lattices are established,and some fundamental theorems of fractional calculas,the solution of the generalized Abel equation on non-uniform lattices are obtained etc.
文摘To deduce a new color difference formula based on CIE 1997 Color Appearance Model(CIECAM97s), a color space J a 1 b 1 is first constructed with color appearance descriptors J,a,b in CIECAM97s. The new formula is then deduced in the space and named CDF CIECAM97s. The factors for lightness, chroma and hue correction in the formula are derived by linear regression according to BFD? CP data sets. It is found by statistical analysis that CDF CIECAM97s is in closer accordance with the visual assessments when compared with CMC(1∶1), CIE94 and CIE L *a *b * color difference formulae. Based on color appearance model, the new color difference formula can be used to predict color difference perception in a varity of different viewing conditions.
文摘Objective:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second largest neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer’s disease(AD),which associated with aging.There are many similarities in pathology and pathogenesis,even in the TCM theory understanding,so we can learn from each other in the process of drug discovery.The clinical results showed that Bushen-Yizhi formula(BSYZ)could effectively improve the neurological function score of senile dementia patients and had a better anti-dementia effect.Further pharmacological studies showed that BSYZ had neuroprotective effects,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-apoptosis and neurotrophic effects.In this study,the therapeutic effect of BSYZ on PD was evaluated in vivo and in vivo,and its molecular mechanism was discussed in order to expand the scope of application of BSYZ and to provide strategies for drug discovery of related neurodegenerative diseases.Methods:C57 BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with MPTP to construct a PD mouse model.BSYZ(1.46,2.92,5.84 mg·kg-1)was administered for two weeks,and the positive control group was given a NSAID,piroxicam(12.5 mg·kg-1).After 1 week of pretreatment,MPTP was used to construct a PD mouse model.The mice were subjected to Rotation test on days 1,3 and 5,6th day.and the movement coordination and exercise ability of the drug on PD mice were observed on theThe number of TH-positive cells,Iba1 and CD68-labeled microglial cells in SNpc region were observed by immunofluorescence to observe the proliferation and activation of microglial cells and GFAP-labeled astrocytes.Western blotting was used to detect the nuclear transfer of NLRP3,Caspase-1,ASC,pro-IL-1β,IL-1βand NF-κB in the midbrain.Results:1.BSYZ could significantly improve the expression of MPTP model mice in the experiment of fatigue and Y-maze,increase the number of neurons in SNpc region and the positive expression of TH protein.2.BSYZ significantly inhibited the number of Iba1/CD68-positive microglial cells in MPTP-model mice and decreased the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes.3.BSYZ significantly inhibited the expression of NLRP3-associated protein in BV2 microglial cells induced by LPS+ATP and inhibited the nuclear transfer of NF-κB.Conclusion:BSYZ can effectively relieve the motor dysfunction of PD model mice,improve the damage of dopaminergic neurons,inhibit the proliferation and activation of microglial cells and astrocytes,and have good anti-MPTPinduced neuroinflammation and neuroinflammation mediated by nuclear transfer of NF-κB.The results show that BSYZ has a good prospect of anti-Parkinson’s disease and provides valuable drug discovery strategies for the related neurodegenerative diseases.
基金Supported by the NNSF of China(10001016) SF for the Prominent Youth of Henan Province
文摘The purpose of this paper is to define the generalized Euler numbers and the generalized Euler numbers of higher order, their recursion formula and some properties were established, accordingly Euler numbers and Euler numbers of higher order were extended.
基金Foundation item： Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（10671056）
文摘For any given positive integer n ≥ 1, the Euler function φ（n） is defined to be the number of positive integers not exceeding n which are relatively prime to n. w（n） is defined to be the number of different prime divisors of n. Some kind of equations involving Euler＇s function is studied in the paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30672684,30973722Science and Technology Support Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Development Project of Shanghai,No.F50102+1 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Fund of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau,No.2012J009AAnnual Research Budget of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2013,No.2013JW25
文摘Compound Formula Rehmannia has been shown to be clinically effective in treating Parkinson＇s disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a model of Parkinson＇s disease dyskinesia in rats, and treated these animals with Compound Formula Rehmannia. Compound Formula Rehmannia inhibited the increase in mRNA expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits 1 and 2 and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter genes, and it inhibited the reduction in expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B1, an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter gene, in the corpus striatum. In addition, Compound Formula Rehmannia alleviated dyskinesia symptoms in the Parkinson＇s disease rats. These experimental findings indicate that Compound Formula Rehmannia alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson＇s disease by modulating neurotransmitter signaling in the corpus striatum.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30672684, 30973722the Third Intention Key Disciplinary Areas of Shanghai,No.S30302
文摘Long-term application of levodopa （L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, L-DOPA） for Parkinson＇s disease can lead to adverse effects and reduce the amount of dopamine transporter （DAT） in the corpus striatum. The present study attempted to vedfy whether increasing the amount of DAT can reduce the adverse effects of L-DOPA. The specific radioactive uptake value of DAT in the corpus striatum of the lesioned hemisphere was significantly decreased, but was significantly increased following administration of compound rehmannia formula [Radix rehmanniae preparata （prepared rehmannia root）, Concha margantifera usta （nacre）, Radix paeoniae alba （white peony alba）, Radix salviae miltiotThizae （Danshen root）, Scorpio （scorpion）, green tea] for 4 weeks. The changes in DAT 1251-beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-（4-iodophenyl） tropane autoradiography were consistent with those in radioactivity. The results revealed that the compound rehmannia formula can reduce the adverse effects of L-DOPA in treating Parkinson＇s disease, possibly by increasing the amount of DAT.
