The city of Lisbon, like many others in the EU region, introduced a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) as a tool for improving air quality in its city centre. This kind of emission reduction schemes is always controversial since...The city of Lisbon, like many others in the EU region, introduced a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) as a tool for improving air quality in its city centre. This kind of emission reduction schemes is always controversial since it might lead to significant changes in the daily behaviours of its inhabitants. In order to evaluate the effects of the measure, an estimation of the impact of the introduction of the Lisbon LEZ was performed. Real traffic counting and fleet characterization combined with CORINAR-based emission inventory methodology allowed to estimate the impacts of three different scenarios applied to the “business as usual” condition (current vehicle fleet) ranging from “no circulation from non- compliant vehicles” to an “aggressive fleet renewal”. Results highlight the high percentage of atmospheric emissions of PM10 and NOx that might result from certain fleets like taxis and buses, especially because there was an emphasis in standardized/normalized estimations (emissions per 1000 vehicles) in order to allow different strategic approaches. The total reduction of PM10 emissions associated to each scenario vary between 6 ton.year-1 (scenario 2) and 8 ton.year-1 (scenario 1), or 25% and 34% less emissions. In terms of NOxemission reductions vary between 6 ton.year-1 (scenario 2) and 57 ton.year-1 (scenario 1), or 1% and 7% less emissions. The Lisbon LEZ is therefore much more efficient in reducing PM10 emissions compared to NOx. Major reduction in PM10 and NOx emissions are to be expected with a moderate intervention in the (relatively old) taxi fleet in Lisbon while for passenger cars the impact is limited. However in absolute terms and due to its urban mileage passenger cars should also continue being included in Lisbon LEZ. Simultaneously, an effort in the increase of dedicated lanes for public transport should be made, for further reductions in PM10 and NOx emissions.展开更多
本文对联合国汽车法规ECE R 49-06的修正本1(柴油-气体燃料重型双燃料发动机和汽车的技术要求)进行解析,详细介绍了柴油-气体燃料双燃料发动机的欧Ⅵ排放标准,包括双燃料发动机机型划分、台架试验项目、排放限值确定和OBD特殊要求等。...本文对联合国汽车法规ECE R 49-06的修正本1(柴油-气体燃料重型双燃料发动机和汽车的技术要求)进行解析,详细介绍了柴油-气体燃料双燃料发动机的欧Ⅵ排放标准,包括双燃料发动机机型划分、台架试验项目、排放限值确定和OBD特殊要求等。分析了国内双燃料发动机的标准和技术现状及标准制定进展,最后详细介绍了已经完成的双燃料验证试验。展开更多
China is setting to roll out more strict emissions rule of CHINA Ⅵ Emission Standard which poses huge challenge to automotive catalytic technology.Rare earth elements are the key compositions of the catalysts coating...China is setting to roll out more strict emissions rule of CHINA Ⅵ Emission Standard which poses huge challenge to automotive catalytic technology.Rare earth elements are the key compositions of the catalysts coating.To develop multiple-component rare earth materials is an important way to improve the performance of the catalyst.The study concluded that quaternary or quinary rare earth materials for CHINA Ⅵ Emission Standard,can improve substantially the oxygen storage capacity and high thermal stability of the catalyst,after the modification by Pr/NdAT elements.It improved the utilization efficiency of precious metal.展开更多
As widely known, execution of the Euro III/ IV emissions standards involve two critical matters: OBD techniques and active vehicles in line with the requirements (similar to the recall system in the US). For heavy dut...As widely known, execution of the Euro III/ IV emissions standards involve two critical matters: OBD techniques and active vehicles in line with the requirements (similar to the recall system in the US). For heavy duty trucks and buses, Euro III requires展开更多
文摘The city of Lisbon, like many others in the EU region, introduced a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) as a tool for improving air quality in its city centre. This kind of emission reduction schemes is always controversial since it might lead to significant changes in the daily behaviours of its inhabitants. In order to evaluate the effects of the measure, an estimation of the impact of the introduction of the Lisbon LEZ was performed. Real traffic counting and fleet characterization combined with CORINAR-based emission inventory methodology allowed to estimate the impacts of three different scenarios applied to the “business as usual” condition (current vehicle fleet) ranging from “no circulation from non- compliant vehicles” to an “aggressive fleet renewal”. Results highlight the high percentage of atmospheric emissions of PM10 and NOx that might result from certain fleets like taxis and buses, especially because there was an emphasis in standardized/normalized estimations (emissions per 1000 vehicles) in order to allow different strategic approaches. The total reduction of PM10 emissions associated to each scenario vary between 6 ton.year-1 (scenario 2) and 8 ton.year-1 (scenario 1), or 25% and 34% less emissions. In terms of NOxemission reductions vary between 6 ton.year-1 (scenario 2) and 57 ton.year-1 (scenario 1), or 1% and 7% less emissions. The Lisbon LEZ is therefore much more efficient in reducing PM10 emissions compared to NOx. Major reduction in PM10 and NOx emissions are to be expected with a moderate intervention in the (relatively old) taxi fleet in Lisbon while for passenger cars the impact is limited. However in absolute terms and due to its urban mileage passenger cars should also continue being included in Lisbon LEZ. Simultaneously, an effort in the increase of dedicated lanes for public transport should be made, for further reductions in PM10 and NOx emissions.
文摘本文对联合国汽车法规ECE R 49-06的修正本1(柴油-气体燃料重型双燃料发动机和汽车的技术要求)进行解析,详细介绍了柴油-气体燃料双燃料发动机的欧Ⅵ排放标准,包括双燃料发动机机型划分、台架试验项目、排放限值确定和OBD特殊要求等。分析了国内双燃料发动机的标准和技术现状及标准制定进展,最后详细介绍了已经完成的双燃料验证试验。
文摘China is setting to roll out more strict emissions rule of CHINA Ⅵ Emission Standard which poses huge challenge to automotive catalytic technology.Rare earth elements are the key compositions of the catalysts coating.To develop multiple-component rare earth materials is an important way to improve the performance of the catalyst.The study concluded that quaternary or quinary rare earth materials for CHINA Ⅵ Emission Standard,can improve substantially the oxygen storage capacity and high thermal stability of the catalyst,after the modification by Pr/NdAT elements.It improved the utilization efficiency of precious metal.
文摘As widely known, execution of the Euro III/ IV emissions standards involve two critical matters: OBD techniques and active vehicles in line with the requirements (similar to the recall system in the US). For heavy duty trucks and buses, Euro III requires
