During the 1950 s and 60 s, the concept of parallel study of comparative literature was initiated by US scholars, yet they ignored the construction of methodology. As a methodological paradigm to compare and study cul...During the 1950 s and 60 s, the concept of parallel study of comparative literature was initiated by US scholars, yet they ignored the construction of methodology. As a methodological paradigm to compare and study cultural relations between heterogeneous literary works without factual links, parallel study has always been under criticism. This paper, however, holds that whether it is on the history of modern cross-cultural literary exchanges, or it is on the sprouting practices of Eastern-Western literary comparison, parallel study has wielded an ineradicable and unavoidable influence. This paper, after a brief review of and reflection upon the methodology of parallel study, enumerates several Euro-American sinologists, and classifies their parallel study methodologies into three categories after in-depth exploration and discussion. It then points out that parallel study is by no means a field that overlooks methodology, but rather, its methodology is complicated and boasts diverse possibilities;the study of the methodology of parallel study is also of great theoretical importance to the advancement of disciplinary construction of comparative literature and the Eastern-Western literary comparison.展开更多
In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility...In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility”and“material and spirit”.From the perspective of the relationship between road and equipment,the development of modern railway thought in China has experienced three stages.During the Westernization Movement,Li Hongzhang and other people expounded the benefits brought by railway construction from the angle of“utility”,and believed that there was still a unity of“Tao and style”.After the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle,with the emergence of the theory of railway sovereignty and the theory of dividing China,Kang Youwei and others questioned the thought of Westernization school.The unified Tao body was divided into two parts:China and the West.After the May Fourth Movement,railway,as a product of western material civilization,was compared with Eastern spiritual civilization by Liang Shuming,Li Dazhao,and others.The conflict between material and spirit made the Western“Tao style”evolve into the Europe-American way of pursuing“scientific spirit”and the Soviet-Russian way of exploring the ideas of revolution and transformation.The railway has thus become an important carrier of the“scientific spirit”and socialism.展开更多
文摘During the 1950 s and 60 s, the concept of parallel study of comparative literature was initiated by US scholars, yet they ignored the construction of methodology. As a methodological paradigm to compare and study cultural relations between heterogeneous literary works without factual links, parallel study has always been under criticism. This paper, however, holds that whether it is on the history of modern cross-cultural literary exchanges, or it is on the sprouting practices of Eastern-Western literary comparison, parallel study has wielded an ineradicable and unavoidable influence. This paper, after a brief review of and reflection upon the methodology of parallel study, enumerates several Euro-American sinologists, and classifies their parallel study methodologies into three categories after in-depth exploration and discussion. It then points out that parallel study is by no means a field that overlooks methodology, but rather, its methodology is complicated and boasts diverse possibilities;the study of the methodology of parallel study is also of great theoretical importance to the advancement of disciplinary construction of comparative literature and the Eastern-Western literary comparison.
文摘In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility”and“material and spirit”.From the perspective of the relationship between road and equipment,the development of modern railway thought in China has experienced three stages.During the Westernization Movement,Li Hongzhang and other people expounded the benefits brought by railway construction from the angle of“utility”,and believed that there was still a unity of“Tao and style”.After the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle,with the emergence of the theory of railway sovereignty and the theory of dividing China,Kang Youwei and others questioned the thought of Westernization school.The unified Tao body was divided into two parts:China and the West.After the May Fourth Movement,railway,as a product of western material civilization,was compared with Eastern spiritual civilization by Liang Shuming,Li Dazhao,and others.The conflict between material and spirit made the Western“Tao style”evolve into the Europe-American way of pursuing“scientific spirit”and the Soviet-Russian way of exploring the ideas of revolution and transformation.The railway has thus become an important carrier of the“scientific spirit”and socialism.
